• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.509-518
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to investigate enzyme activity, antimicrobial activity, and antibiotics susceptibility of Lactobacilli strain(Lactobacillus reuteri BLA5, Lactobacillus crispatus BLA7, Lactobacillus reuteri BLA9, Lactobacillus amylovorus LLA7, Lactobacillus crispatus LLA9, Lactobacillus vaginalis LLA11) isolated from chicken ceca and were selected by organic acid synthesis, acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance. The enzymes activities were different among strains of Lactobacilli. The amylase activity and lipase activity of Lactobacillus were high but cellulase activity and protease activity of that were low. Lactobacillus culture showed high antimicrobial activity against E. coli but low antimicrobial activity against Salmonella. The inhibitory factor of Lactobacilli isolated from chickens’ cecum on E. coli was low pH by organic acid. All of Lactobacillus isolated from chicken’s cecum were susceptible to ampicillin and amoxicillin but weren’t susceptible at the optimum level of feed additive antibiotics(virginiamycin and salinomycin).

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.3_spc
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• pp.417-426
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• 2021

Objective: Effects of inulin supplementation in diet of Haidong chicks under hypoxic conditions on production performance, intestinal morphologic change, microflora contents and the incidence of ascites were studied. Methods: Commercial male chicks (360) were randomly divided into 6 groups and were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15 g/kg of inulin, respectively. Results: The body weight gain and feed intake were improved in chicks fed the diets supplemented with 0.1 and 0.125 g/kg of inulin, from d 1 to d 42 (p<0.05); moreover, blood parameters were positively affected when inulin was included in the diets and the thickness of the intestinal wall and muscle tissue in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum tended to increase (p<0.05), and the villi height and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.05). Regarding the number of goblet cells in duodenum, jejunum and ileum tended to increase when chicks were fed the diets supplemented with 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15 g/kg (p<0.05) of inulin. When chicks were fed diets supplemented with 0.75 or 0.1 g/kg of inulin, a significant reduction of Escherichia coli counts in the cecum was observed; for a contrary, a significant increment of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus was observed in cecum and ileum. Finally, supplementing the feed with inulin determined an overall reduction of ascites incidences in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Thus, the results observed in the present study clearly suggest that the diet supplementation with a quantity of inulin ranging between 0.1 and 0.125 g/kg, can improve growth performances, intestinal morphology, internal microbial balance and ascites incidence, in broiler chicks raised at high altitude area. Even though these findings may be of interest for the poultry industry, they may particularly be relevant in those areas characterized by high altitude such as Northwest China regions.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.740-752
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• 2023

Objective: Dietary phytase increases bioavailability of phytate-bound phosphorus (P) in pig nutrition affecting dietary calcium (Ca) to P ratio, intestinal uptake, and systemic utilization of both minerals, which may contribute to improper bone mineralization. We used phytase to assess long-term effects of two dietary available P (aP) levels using a one-phase feeding system on gene expression related to Ca and P homeostasis along the intestinal tract and in the kidney, short-chain fatty acids in stomach, cecum, and colon, serum, and bone parameters in growing gilts and barrows. Methods: Growing pigs (37.9±6.2 kg) had either free access to a diet without (Con; 75 gilts and 69 barrows) or with phytase (650 phytase units; n = 72/diet) for 56 days. Samples of blood, duodenal, jejunal, ileal, cecal, and colonic mucosa and digesta, kidney, and metacarpal bones were collected from 24 pigs (6 gilts and 6 barrows per diet). Results: Phytase decreased daily feed intake and average daily gain, whereas aP intake increased with phytase versus Con diet (p<0.05). Gilts had higher colonic expression of TRPV5, CDH1, CLDN4, ZO1, and OCLN and renal expression of TRPV5 and SLC34A3 compared to barrows (p<0.05). Phytase increased duodenal expression of TRPV5, TRPV6, CALB1, PMCA1b, CDH1, CLDN4, ZO1, and OCLN compared to Con diet (p<0.05). Furthermore, phytase increased expression of SCL34A2 in cecum and of FGF23 and CLDN4 in colon compared to Con diet (p<0.05). Alongside, phytase decreased gastric propionate, cecal valerate, and colonic caproate versus Con diet (p<0.05). Phytase reduced cortical wall thickness and index of metacarpal bones (p<0.05). Conclusion: Gene expression results suggested an intestinal adaptation to increased dietary aP amount by increasing duodenal trans- and paracellular Ca absorption to balance the systemically available Ca and P levels, whereas no adaption of relevant gene expression in kidney occurred. Greater average daily gain in barrows related to higher feed intake.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1673-1679
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• 2003

Two hundred forty 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used to investigate the effects of Cu (II)-exchanged montmorillonite (CEM) or montmorillonite on the growth performance, intestinal microflora, bacterial enzyme activities and morphology of broilers. The chicks were assigned randomly into three groups with 80 chicks per treatment. The three dietary treatments were basal diet only (control group), basal diet +1 g $kg^{-1}$ montmorillonite, and basal diet +1 g $kg^{-1}$ CEM. The results showed that the addition of CEM to the diet increased significantly the body weight and feed efficiency, but a similarly significant increase was not found in broilers fed the diet containing montmorillonite. Supplementing the CEM in the diet of broilers also decreased the numbers of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli in the small intestine and cecum. The addition of either CEM or montmorillonite to the diet depressed the activities of $\beta$-glucosidase and $\beta$-glucuronidase in the small intestinal and cecal contents. Data of villus height and crypt depth for duodenum, jejunum and ileum indicated that dietary addition of CEM or montmorillonite improved the small intestinal mucosal morphology.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-134
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• 2013

Cecal volvulus is uncommon in pediatric patients and there are few reports of cecal volvulus with cerebral palsy. Here, we report the case of a 19-year-old male patient who presented with abdominal distension, a history of cerebral palsy, refractory epilepsy due to lissencephaly, and chronic constipation. An abdominal x-ray and computed tomography without contrast enhancement showed fixed dilated bowel intensity in the right lower abdomen. Despite decompression with gastric and rectal tube insertion, symptoms did not improve. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy that revealed cecal volvulus. Cecal volvulus usually occurs following intestinal malrotation or previous surgery. In this patient, however, intestinal distension accompanying mental disability and chronic constipation resulted in the development of cecal volvulus. We suggest that cecal and proximal large bowel volvulus should be considered in patients presenting with progressive abdominal distension combined with a history of neuro-developmental delay and constipation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.617-627
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• 1999

The present study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of four kinds of legumes(black soybean: BS, yellow soybean: YS, green peas: GP, soybean curd residue: SCR) as a high-fiber supplement in the therapeutic diet for diabetic patients. Seven groups of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed isocaloric experimental diets containing 8% dietary fiber from one of legumes for 6 weeks. The effects of legumes on the gastrointestinal function and diabetic symptoms in diabetic rats were also examined and compared with the effects of cellulose or pectin diet. Legume supplementations had no significant effects on alleviating typical diabetic symptoms such as polydipsia, polyphasia, polyuria, and urinary glucose excretion when compared with cellulose or pectin supplementations. The supplementations of legumes all resulted in remarkable changes in gastrointestinal functions: shortening of GI transit time and increases in fecal volume, fecal water and crude fat contents. Legume supplementations appeared to supress the damages of the small intestine villi and the enteritis symptoms in diabetic rats. GP led to regular villus patterns closer to normal villus. BS, YS and GP led to the enlargement of cecum in diabetic rats. In conclusion, the present studies have demonstrated that legumes may possess a significant physiological actions in the control of various diabetic conditions.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2017

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis, which is rare in an immunocompetent patient, was encountered in a 67-year-old man who was admitted due to persistent diarrhea. The first diagnostic tool was colonoscopy, which showed multiple ulcers from cecum to rectum. The secondary tool was CMV polymerase chain reaction, and CMV colitis was diagnosed. Intravenous ganciclovir therapy was administered, which resulted in improvement of diarrhea and ulcers throughout the colon were healed. Asymptomatic colon perforation was detected during diagnostic testing, which improved over the conventional treatment. CMV colitis is rare in immunocompetent patients, but it is essential for the differential diagnosis.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2001

Gastrointestinal duplications are rare congenital malformation that may require surgical intervention in the neonate, infant, and occasionally the older child. Symptoms produced by duplications vary according to their location, size, type and histology. We report the clinical characteristics and the surgical results of 9 cases of the gastrointestinal duplications treated at at Asan Medical Center between 1989 and 2000. Five patients were boys and four were girls; age of patients ranged from 5 days to 10 years. Eight duplications were cystic and one was tubular. One involved the stomach; five were in the ileum, and two in the cecum. The most common presentation was intestinal obstruction. There was associated anomaly in one patient, pulmonary sequestration and double ureter. Ectopic gastric mucosa was found in two. All patients underwent surgical resection. There was no perioperative mortality or morbidity. Although gastrointestinal duplication is a rare entity. consideration of associated anomalies and being familiar with the anatomy and clinical features are required for adequate management. In cystic form. complete excision is recommended but planned surgery is required for long segment tubular lesion.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2001

Thyroglossal duct cyst is ectodermal remnant, which may develop along the line of descent of the thyroid gland from the foramen cecum of the tongue to the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland. Meticulous dissection of the cyst and duct, along with the body of the hyoid bone is necessary to avoid recurrence. Eighty-one patients with thyroglossal duct cyst treated at Hanyang University Hospital between January 1980 and December 2000 were reviewed to determine the incidence and to analyze the result of management. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1(47:34) with a male preponderance. They are most commonly present at 3-8years(54.2 %) of age, but rarely present at infancy. The most common symptom was a painless midline neck mass(76.5 %, 62cases). Eighty-one patients underwent modified Sistrunk operation without evidence of recurrence. Eight-nine percent(72 cases) of these lesions were located between thyroid substance and hyoid bone, and 11 %(9 cases) were above the hyoid bone. There were 22 infected cysts(27.2 %). The Sistrunk operation is a gold standard for treating the thyroglossal duct cysts. For best results in thyroglossal duct cyst surgery, one should make every effort to remove the cyst intact in continuity with the body of the hyoid bone. In our institute, Sistrunk operation modified by the authors showed a good result.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 1996

A 17 month-old girl presented in the pediatric clinic on November 27th, 1990 with a neck mass. The mass was 2 cm in diameter, firm in consistency and movable on the upper pole of the thyroid cartilage in the midline. The technetium thyroid scan showed a hot reactivity at the compatible site of the mass, but no other radioactivity in either site of the normal thyroid positions. At her second visit on January 23th, 1996, the mass had enlarged up to 3.5cm in diameter in the same location of the neck. The follow up thyroid scan revealed a walnut sized, snowman-like radioactivity. One of the snowman-like double images seemed to be a lingual ectopic thyroid and the other a midline ectopic thyroid remnant in the infrahyoid level. This interpretation was supported by the computed tomography of the neck, which showed a ligual mass in the foramen cecum area and an another mass in the anterior comis-sure of the larynx in the mildline. Thyroid function test was normal except a slightly increased TSH. As a result of this changing pattern of thyroid radioactive images, a case of a lingual thyroid as well as another midline ectopic thyroid tissue at the infrahyoid level is reported.