• Title/Summary/Keyword: ccp

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Self-Collision Avoidance using Configuration Space Approach for Redundant Manipulators (Configuration Space 접근법을 이용한 여유 자유도 로봇의 자기 충돌 회피)

  • 문재성;정완균;염영일
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 2003.06a
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    • pp.321-324
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    • 2003
  • There are two steps to solve the self-collision avoidance problems for redundant manipulators. First, all links are regarded as cylinders. and then the collisions should be checked among all pairs of the links. Between two cylinders. we can get the collision information derived from the concept or configuration space obstacle in real time. Therefore. it is possible to detect the links where collisions are likely in real time by setting the risk radius which is larger than actual radius. Second. the configuration control points (CCP) should be placed at the ends of the detected links. A cost function is the sum of the distances between the CCPs. To maximize the cost function means the links go far away each other without self-collisions.

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정전 탐침을 이용한 산소 플라즈마의 음이온 발생 특성 연구

  • 김종식;김대철;김곤호
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 1999.07a
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    • pp.221-221
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    • 1999
  • 산소 플라즈마의 음이온 발생 특성을 정전 탐침을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 탐침에 흐르는 음 전류는 전자 전류와 음이온 전류의 합으로 구성되며 음이온 속도는 전자 속도에 비해 작아 음이온의 발생 량이 증가함에 따라 음이온 전류의 크기는 감소하게 된다. 따라서 탐침에 흐르는 양 전류와 음전류의 비 Ii*/(Ie*+I-*)는 음이온의 발생량에 따라 변화하게 된다. 또한 플라즈마 전위와 부유 전위간의 전위차와 음 이온밀도와의 관계는 다음과 같은 관계식 e(Vp-Vf)/Te={3.35 + 0.5 ln$\mu$ - ln(ni/ne)]을 갖으며 이로부터 음이온의 밀도를 측정할 수 있다. 이들 두 가지 방법을 이용하여 정전 탐침에서 얻어지는 탐침 자료로부터 직접 플라즈마에서 음이온 발생에 관한 정성적인 특성 변화를 관찰할 수 있었다. 본 실험에서는 운전 압력(0.1-600mTorr)과 입력 전력(50-500W)에 따른 DC, ICP, CCP에서 발생하는 산소 음이온 플라즈마의 발생 특성을 분석하였다. 운전 압력이 증가함에 따라 음이온의 비율이 증가하다가 감소함이 관찰되었으며 400mTorr에서 최대 30%의 음이온 발생 비율을 갖음을 알 수 있었으며 더 큰 압력 하에서는 발생률이 점차 감소함을 관찰되었다. 또한 음이온의 발생 율은 입력 전력보다 운전 압력에 민감하게 변화하였다.

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Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder Material (Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 솔더재료의 피로 균열진전에 관한 연구)

  • Woo, Tae-Wuk;Kim, Kwang-Soo;Sakane, Masao;Kobayashi, Kaoru
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2008.11a
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    • pp.333-337
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    • 2008
  • This study investigates crack propagation behavior of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder under pull-push loading conditions. Fatigue Crack Growth (FCG) tests were conducted on Center Cracked Plate (CCP) specimens in fast-fast (pp) strain waveform. The fast-slow (pc), slow-fast (cp) and slow-slow (cc) strain waveforms were also used to study the effect of strain rates. The crack propagation rates for the four strain waveforms were correlated with J-integral range and a scatter band of factor 4 was found. The crack growth rates for the pc waveform was highest, followed by cp, cc and then pp waveforms.

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대면적 고주파 축전결합플라즈마원(CCP sources)에 대한 모델링 및 전산모사 현황 분석

  • Yun, Nam-Sik
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2010.08a
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    • pp.37-37
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    • 2010
  • 최근 반도체, 디스플레이 및 태양전지 공정장비의 대면적화는 일반적인 추세라고 할 수 있으며, 특히 매우 높은 주파수로 구동되는 축전결합플라즈마원의 경우에 기존 장비에서 나타나지 않던 파동현상이 발현하게 된다는 사실이 잘 알려지고 있다. 그러나, 이러한 현상에 대한 물리학적 이해가 충분하다고 할 수 없고 분석도구로서의 전산모사 연구, 개발은 매우 부족한 상황이므로 이로 인해 장비의 설계에서부터 공정조건 안정화에 이르기까지 많은 측면에서 문제점들이 나타나고 있다. 따라서, 생산현장에서 나타나는 이러한 문제점들을 극복하기 위한 물리학적 모델링과 전산모사의 필요성이 매우 높아지고 있는 상황이며 본 연구에서는 지금까지 발표된 이론적인 연구결과들을 정리, 분석하고 앞으로 진행되어야 할 연구, 개발의 방향을 조명해 보고자 한다.

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A New Solution for Stochastic Optimal Power Flow: Combining Limit Relaxation with Iterative Learning Control

  • Gong, Jinxia;Xie, Da;Jiang, Chuanwen;Zhang, Yanchi
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.80-89
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    • 2014
  • A stochastic optimal power flow (S-OPF) model considering uncertainties of load and wind power is developed based on chance constrained programming (CCP). The difficulties in solving the model are the nonlinearity and probabilistic constraints. In this paper, a limit relaxation approach and an iterative learning control (ILC) method are implemented to solve the S-OPF model indirectly. The limit relaxation approach narrows the solution space by introducing regulatory factors, according to the relationship between the constraint equations and the optimization variables. The regulatory factors are designed by ILC method to ensure the optimality of final solution under a predefined confidence level. The optimization algorithm for S-OPF is completed based on the combination of limit relaxation and ILC and tested on the IEEE 14-bus system.

Graphene Cleaning by Using Argon Inductively Coupled Plasma

  • Im, Yeong-Dae;Lee, Dae-Yeong;Ra, Chang-Ho;Yu, Won-Jong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2012.02a
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    • pp.197-197
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    • 2012
  • Device 제작에 사용된 graphene은 일반적인 lithography 공정에서 resist residue에 의한 오염을 피할 수 없으며 이로 인하여 graphene의 pristine한 성질을 잃어버린다. 본 연구에서는 graphene을 저밀도의 argon inductively coupled plasma (Ar-ICP)를 통해 처리함으로서 graphene based back-gated field effect transistor (G-FET)의 특성변화를 유도한 결과에 대해서 보고한다. Argon capacitively coupled plasma (Ar-CCP)은 에 노출된 graphene은 강한 ion bombardment energy로 인하여 쉽게 planar C-C ${\pi}$ bonding (bonding energy: 2.7 eV)이 breaking되어 graphene의 defect이 발생되었다. 하지만 우리의 경우 저밀도의 Ar-ICP가 적용될 때 graphene의 defect이 제한되며 이와 동시에 contamination 만을 제거할 수 있었다. 소자의 전기적 측정 (Gsd-Vbg)을 통하여 contamination으로 인하여 p-doping된 graphene은 pristine 상태로 회복되었으며 mobility도 회복됨이 확인되었다. Ar-ICP를 이용한 graphene cleaning 방법은 저온공정, 대면적 공정, 고속공정을 모두 만족시키며 thermal annealing, electrical current annealing을 대체하여 graphene 기반 소자를 생산함에 있어 쉽고 빠르게 적용할 수 있는 강점이 있다.

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Fault Detection with OES and Impedance at Capacitive Coupled Plasmas

  • Choe, Sang-Hyeok;Jang, Hae-Gyu;Chae, Hui-Yeop
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2012.02a
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    • pp.499-499
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    • 2012
  • This study was evaluated on etcher of capacitive coupled plasmas with OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy) and impedance by VI probe that are widely used for process control and monitoring at semiconductor industry. The experiment was operated at conventional Ar and C4F8 plasma with variable change such as pressure and addition of gas (Atmospheric Leak: N2 and O2), RF, pressure, that are highly possible to impact wafer yield during wafer process, in order to observe OES and VI Probe signals. The sensitivity change on OES and Impedance by Vi probe was analyzed by statistical method to determine healthy of process. The main goal of this study is to understand unwanted tool performance to eventually improve productive capability. It is important for process engineers to actively adjust tool parameter before any serious problem occurs.

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Development of a Chloroform Reference Material for the Proficiency Testing of Hazardous Compounds in Commercial Consumer Chemical Products Under the Consumer Chemical Products and Biocide Safety Management Act (K-BPR)

  • Lee, Sang Tak;Lee, Jae-ung;Kim, Joo-Hyon;Oh, Han Bin
    • Mass Spectrometry Letters
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.112-116
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    • 2019
  • In this study, a chloroform consumer chemical product (CCP) reference material (RM) is successfully developed, with potential to be used in the proficiency testing of hazardous compounds in CCPs for analysis and testing agencies. Validation experiments are rigorously conducted to evaluate whether the RM meets the requirements set by the ISO 13528 and ISO Guide 35, using a reliable GC/MS method for the analysis of chloroform. The obtained calibration plot linearity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) are excellent. The developed RM meets the homogeneity and stability requirements; the between-unit (sbb) and within-unit (swb) standard deviations are less than 2.5%, and the stability is found to be guaranteed for 50 days.

Microbial Modeling in Quantitative Risk Assessment for the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) System: A Review

  • Min, Sea-Cheol;Choi, Young-Jin
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.279-293
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    • 2009
  • Quantitative risk assessments are related to implementing hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) by its potential involvement in identifying critical control points (CCPs), validating critical limits at a CCP, enabling rational designs of new processes, and products to meet required level of safety, and evaluating processing operations for verification procedures. The quantitative risk assessment is becoming a standard research tool which provides useful predictions and analyses on microbial risks and, thus, a valuable aid in implementing a HACCP system. This paper provides a review of microbial modeling in quantitative risk assessments, which can be applied to HACCP systems.