• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.405-419
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• 2022

Cavity expansion and contraction solutions for cylindrical and spherical cavities in unsaturated residual soils are presented in this paper. Varying soil state in the plastic zone is accounted by a numerical approach, wherein an element-by-element discretization of the plastic zone of both expanding and contracting cavities is carried out. Unlike existing methods utilizing self-similarity technique, the solution procedure enables the prediction of entire soil-state at any stage of expansion and subsequent contraction. It is also applicable for both cavity creation and expansion problems. The approach adopts constant contribution of suction to effective stress (constant X^s drainage condition) for analysis. The analysis procedure is validated by interpreting the previously reported pressuremeter test results in lateritic residual soil. The typical cavity expansion and contraction characteristics of unsaturated Indian lateritic soil were then examined using this solution procedure. The effect of initial soil-state on cavity limit pressure, plastic radius, reverse yield pressure, and reverse plastic radius are also presented.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.593-601
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• 2023

In this paper, an analytical solution of large-strain cylindrical cavity expansion in compaction grouting problem under temperature field is given. Considering the stress increment caused by temperature, the analytical solution of cavity expansion under traditional isothermal conditions is improved by substituting the temperature stress increment into the cavity expansion analysis. Subsequently, combined with the first law of thermodynamics, the energy theory is also introduced into the cylindrical cavity expansion analysis, and the energy dissipation solution of cylindrical cavity expansion is derived. Finally, the validity and reliability of solution are proved by comparing the results of expansion pressure with those in published literatures. The results show that the dimensionless expansion pressure increases with the increase of temperature, and the thermal response increases with the increase of dilation angle. The higher the exothermic temperature of grouting slurry, the greater the plastic deformation energy of the surrounding soil, that is, the greater the influence on the surrounding soil deformation and the surrounding environment. The proposed solution not only enrich the theoretical system of cavity expansion, but also can be used as a theoretical tool for energy geotechnical engineering problems, such as CPT, nuclear waste disposal, energy pile and chemical grouting, etc.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2018

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to identify the road-subsidence mechanism in unsaturated sandy soils. METHODS : A series of soil chamber tests were conducted under various conditions. RESULTS : The cavity-expansion characteristics in unsaturated sandy soils due to seepage were affected by the outlet size, seepage intensity, relative density, and fine content. CONCLUSIONS : In unsaturated sandy soils, the cavity-expansion speed was affected by the outlet size, relative density, seepage intensity, and clay content; however, the cavity-expansion shape was very similar. As the outlet size and seepage intensity increased, the cavity-expansion speed increased. As the relative density increased, the cavity-expansion speed increased because of a sudden decrease in shear strength, resulting from the increased saturation (reduction of matric suction). The cavity expanded faster with the increasing clay content, up to a certain threshold. It expanded at a slower rate once it passed the threshold. Finally, it reached a stable state where the cavity did not expand due to seepage.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.283-294
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• 2021

This paper presents a rigorous solution for spherical cavity expansion in unsaturated soils under constant suction condition. The hydraulic behavior that describes the saturation-suction relationship is modeled by a void ratio-dependent soil-water characteristic curve, which allows the hydraulic behavior to fully couple with the mechanical behavior that is described by an extended critical state soil model for unsaturated soil through the specific volume. Considering the boundary condition and introducing an auxiliary coordinate, the problem is formulated to a system of first-order differential equations with three principal stress components and suction as basic unknowns, which is solved as an initial value problem. Parameter analyses are conducted to investigate the effects of suction and the overconsolidation ratio on the overall expansion responses, including the pressure-expansion response, the distribution of the stress components around the cavity, and the stress path of the soil during cavity expansion. The results reveal that the expansion pressures and the distribution of the stress components in unsaturated soils are generally higher than those in saturated soils due to the existence of suction.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 도로노면 하부 지반에서 발생한 공동의 확장특성을 평가하기 위하여, 지하수주입 실험을 수행하였다. 즉, 공동체적에 비례한 일정량의 물을 단계별로 주입하고, 주입한 물이 배출됨에 따라 확대되는 공동을 모니터링 함으로써, 공동의 체적변화를 확인하였다. 실험결과, 지하수 주입에 따른 공동의 체적은 증가하다 수렴 또는 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이는 지하수 주입 시, 공동이 확장되는 과정에서 주변의 이완된 지반이 일부 붕괴되거나 세립토가 주변 지반의 간극을 채우기 때문인 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 지하수 주입 단계에 따른 공동의 체적변화와 확장특성을 분석한 결과, 실험대상 공동은 횡방향으로 확장되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 지하수 유동에 따라 이완된 공동 주변지반이 붕괴되고, 붕괴된 토사가 공동하부의 지중으로 유실되는 과정이 반복됨으로써 공동이 확장되는 것으로 평가되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.527-536
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• 2020

An elastic-plastic solution for cavity expansion problem considering strength degradation, undrained condition and initial anisotropic in-situ stress is established based on the Tresca yield criterion and cavity expansion theory. Assumptions of large-strain for plastic region and small-strain for elastic region are adopted, respectively. The initial in-situ stress state of natural soil mass may be anisotropic caused by consolidation history, and the strength degradation of soil mass is caused by structural damage of soil mass in the process of loading analysis (cavity expansion process). Finally, the published solutions are conducted to verify the suitability of this elastic-plastic solution, and the parametric studies are investigated in order to the significance of this study for in-situ soil test.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 최근 도심지에서 발생하고 있는 지반함몰에 대하여 팽창재료를 이용한 긴급복구공법을 적용하고 이러한 공법의 적합성을 수치해석적으로 판단하고자 한다. 수치해석에 적용된 팽창재료의 특성을 평가하기 위하여 실내실험을 수행하였다. 실험으로 구한 팽창특성을 반영하여 다양한 공동 형상(직사각형 단면을 가지는 공동에 대하여 다양한 높이와 폭 조합)에 대하여 팽창재료를 적용하였을 경우 팽창재료 및 지반 거동을 평가하였다. 해석 결과, 공동의 상단과 하단의 연직변위는 공동의 높이보다는 공동의 폭에 큰 영향을 받으며, 공동 측면부의 수평변위는 공동 폭 보다는 공동의 높이의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 팽창압이 작용하였을 경우 도로상부 표층의 수직변위량은 공동의 높이보다는 공동의 폭에 큰 영향을 받는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.303-315
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• 2021

A rigorous and generic similarity solution is developed for assessment of the undrained expansion responses of a cylindrical cavity expansion in K₀-consolidated anisotropic soils. A K₀-consolidated anisotropic modified Cam-clay (K₀-AMCC) model that can represent the initial stress anisotropy and the effects of stress-induced anisotropy is used to model the soil behaviors during cavity expansion. All the seven basic unknowns, the three stress components, the pore water pressure, the particle velocity, the specific volume and the hardening parameter, are reduced to the functions of a dimensionless radial coordinate and are taken as coupled variables to formulate the problem. The governing equations are formulated by making use of the equilibrium equation, the constitutive equation, the consistency condition, the continuity condition and the undrained condition, which are then solved as an initial value problem. The proposed rigorous similarity solution is compared with some well-documented rigorous solutions to validate the solution and to highlight the special expansion responses in anisotropic soils. The results reveal that the present solution can yield more predictions for cavity expansion problems in soils with initial anisotropic stresses.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.657-670
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• 1991

It was said that early rapid palatal expansion was the treatment of choice in case of maxillary constriction with posterior crossbite. The author tried to assess dimensional changes of nasal and oral cavity before rapid palatal expansion and over 4 months of retention by use of three coronal tomograms through the incisal, molar, and maxillary tuberosity areas. The subjects of this study were consisted of 9 boys and 11 girls ranging from 11 to 13 years old. The results were as follows: 1. A mean change in maxillary first molar width was 3.68mm and a mean change in nasal cavity width was 2.26mm after 6.70mm expansion by Hyrax-type screw and over 4 months of retention tomographically in molar cut. 2. A change in nasal cavity width tomographically showed in order of molar cut, incisal cut, maxillary tuberosity cut respectively. 3. There was no correlation between changes in oral cavity width and nasal cavity width.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.493-503
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• 2022

Cavity expansion is a classical problem in the field of solid mechanics with a wide range of applications in geotechnical and petroleum engineering. A drained solution is developed for cylindrical cavity expansion in anisotropic soils under biaxial in-situ stresses using a K0-based anisotropic modified Cam-clay model (K0-AMCC). The problem is formulated by solving differential equations using an auxiliary variable, which provides analytical expressions for the volume and four stress components of the soil around the cylindrical cavity. The solution is validated by comparisons with existing well-developed solutions. The results show that the present solution well captures the cavity expansion responses in anisotropic soils under biaxial in-situ stresses, and removes limiting assumptions that the cylindrical cavity expands under uniform in-situ stress in isotropic soils. The elastic-plastic boundary of the expanding cylindrical cavity in K0-consolidated anisotropic soils under biaxial in-situ stresses is a circle rather than an ellipse in isotropic soils, and the mathematical proof is provided in detail.