• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.93
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• pp.13-25
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• 2009

This study, which includes case studies that provide information of cave tour resources, considered a variety of selected variables of the internal and external parts of caves with the expanded factors of the academic classification in caves. It uses the cluster analysis, one of the multivariate analysis techniques, and applied the results for review. As a result, public caves can present multiple classification criteria according to the factors of the surrounding area's human environment. The result, classified by the region in public caves, is derived from this study.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.67
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• pp.53-63
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• 2005

This study is basic research to present the activation of cave tourism. So first of all for establishing of this study, we examined the distribution characteristics of natural caves and monument caves. The results of this study are as follows; First, monument caves concentrate upon Gangwon-do and Jeju-do. Second, open caves concentrate upon Gangwon-do and Chungcheongbuk-do. Third, typical linkage characteristics of tourism resources surrounding open caves are very high in natural tourism resources. Fourth, It is necessary to develop tourism route though the linkage with other tourism resources. But this study have been partial and fragmentary. in order to increase the number of tourists, we should make them curious about the specific region by presenting the unique characteristics of the region, for example its cultural, social, recreational etc. in other words, in order to attract the tourists open caves should differentiate from other open caves.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.95
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• pp.23-33
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• 2009

This study analyzed the distribution of China's caves and cave resources in Research. The results are as follows: First, China's melting karst caves are mainly distributed in southwest widely distributed. Recently in Beijing and other northern areas found in many caves. First, China's Karst caves are mainly distributed in karst-flung southwest. Recently in Beijing and other northern areas found in many caves. Second, although China is widespread volcanic landscapes, but most of the extinct volcano, the lava caves less so. Are mainly distributed in Hainan Island, north-east there are some distribution. Third, China's recent development and evolution of the cave, analysis of the paleo-environment records of cave stalagmites, cave biology, cave tourism development, environmental aspects of cave research more active.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.5
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• pp.13-22
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• 1981

The stone caves in Korea, though they were first influenced by Chinese cave temples, were not made same with their predecessors in style. Nearly all Korean stone caves are the simulated ones built artificially, and they are divided into the following: A. The caves that were made up with several pieces of natural rocks with some wood works done over them to cover the open spaces between the rocks. B. Wood works were added in front of the rock-cut images of Buddha in order to construct the cave. C. The men-made caves Suk-kul-am in Kyung-ju is well-known among the above kind of the caves. In short, Korean stone caves have their distinction in which they were inspired by the Indian and Chinese examples and developed their own styles to meet the specific conditions and restraints of the Korean mountains. The extant Silla cave temples are classified in the following four groups: 1) The type of Shin-sun-sa(神仙寺) at Kyung-ju 2) The type of Ka-heung-ri cave(可興里) at Yong-ju(榮州) 3) The type of Kun-wi cave(軍威) 4) The type of Suk-kul-am(石窟庵) at Kyung-ju

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• no.7
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• pp.15-24
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• 1998

Conservation is the optimum sustained use of natural resources; therefore, cave conservation must provide not only for the protection of the character, decoration and biota of caves, but also for the means whereby people might enjoy and understand the caves that are their heritage. A cave is a natural subterranean cavity into which a man can enter to a point where daylight cannot be seen. Caves are not only interesting physical entities that provide distinctive sensory and perceptual experiences and invoke a variety of responses, but they also provide unique opportunities for scientific study. Speleology is the study of caves, and in New Zealand it attracts workers from many disciplines of the universities and government research establishments.(omitted)

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• no.7
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• pp.37-39
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• 1998

The Bullock Creek Caves are located adjacent to the usually dry river bed of Bullock Creek, which reaches the sea about a kilometer north of Punakaiki. The caves have been comprehensively written up by Rodgers(l972). Under conditions of normal water flow Bullock Creek submerges where the stream meets limestone on the west side of thier Punakaiki syncline. In flood conditions it overflows the first submergence and progressively floods a series of smaller submergences down valley until it comes to the caves shown on the map. All these with the exception of Wazpretti Cave and Dry Valley Cave are probably more or less flooded during and after heavy rain.(omitted)

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.78
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Alpine caves, subterranean passages, are extensively controlled by folds and faults. Caves of the regions demonstrate a significant dip of the passages due to the structural deformations. There are many vertical voids and shaft. Speleo-scapes in the internal caves are various. Calcite formations show the water table alternations which indicate the uplifting and erosional base level droppings during at least the Quaternary. Around cave entrenches there are remnants of the Fluvial terraces on the middle of the hills. These relationship between cave locations and terraces will generate a key to the Plestocene history of the south Korean peninsula. Hence, the Korean karst is turned as "the overburden alpine karst".

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.310-320
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• 1998

This study is aimed at identifying the socio-economic effects of storage of ginger in artificial caves. The gingers stored in artificial caves in Seochun, 12 sampled areas, were surveyed to get information on the socio-economic effects. The surveyed data were processed by TSP, Qbasic and B/C Ratio computer programs and analyzed the decision making criteria such as B/C ratio, NPV and IRR. The socio-economic effects of the storages of the gingers are as follows. 1. The storage benefits per ton was showed as 184,050won. 2. Considering 10% of the opportunity cost of capital, the uper limits of investments for the cave storages was analyzed as 6,784 thousand won for ginger. 3. The investment of the natural cave storages was revealed economically feasible considering the decision making criteria as B/C ratio = 1.33, NPV = 35.059 thousand won and IRR = more than 100%. The other socio-economic effects of the ginger storages was expected as ; 1. The cave storages will contribute to increase consumer's and producer's welfare through the control of supply and demand and price stability. 2. Long-term storage of ginger without damaging quality and grades will be made on account of the storage conditions as relatively low temperature, high humidity and indifferent affects from the outside climate. 3. Utilization of the underground space, the caves, for storage will maximize the land use and the sustainable environment considering the mountainous area, two third of the total national land area. 4. Construction costs of the underground storage facilities as caves are cheaper than the ground storage facilities by 15 to 20% in general. In conclusion, the underground space like natural and artificial caves are considered the most suitable for storage of ginger on account of the storage conditions as temperature, humidity and blocking the sun light. Accordingly a study on convenient utilization of new development of artificial caves should be made considering transportation and input-output of the farms. Financial support of the government should be institutionally rearranged for the successful implementation of storing farm products like ginger in natural and man-made caves.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.138.2-138.2
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• 2012

Cave on the Moon is considered as the most appropriate place for human to live during the frontier lunar exploration. While the lava flows, the outer crust gets cooled and solidified. Then, the empty space is remained inside after lava flow stops. Such empty space is called the lava caves. Those lava tubes on the Earth are formed mostly by volcanic activity. However, the lava tubes on satellite like Moon and planet like Mars without volcanic activity are mostly formed by the lava flow inside of the crater made by large meteorite impact. Some part of lava tube with collapsed ceiling appears as the entrance of the cave. Such area looks like a deep crater so called a pit crater. Four large pit craters with diameter of > 60 m and depth of > 40 m are found without difficulty from Kaguya and LRO mission image archives. However, those are too deep to use as easily accessible human frontier base. Therefore, now we are going to identify some smaller lunar caves with accessible entrances using LRO camera images of 0.5 m/pixel resolution. Earth's lava caves and their entrances are well photographed by surface and aerial camera in immense volume. Thus, if the image data are sorted and archived well, those images can be used in comparison with the less distinct lunar cave and entrance images due to its smaller size. Then, we can identify the regions on the Moon where there exist caves with accessible entrances. The database will be also useful in modeling geomorphology for lunar and Martian caves for future artificial intelligence investigation of the caves in any size.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• no.8
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• pp.55-64
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• 1998

Many of the familiar roadside signs advertising caves open to the public carry the phrase, “Come underground and cool off”. This is reasonable advice, for during the heat of summer the temperature of these caves is indeed pleasantly cool. If the principal tourist season were in the winter instead of the summer, however, the signs would probably read, “Come underground and warm up”, for in winter these same caves are far warmer than the surface. Cave temperatures are nearly constant throughout the year.