• 경영과학
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2017

This study investigates the effect of consumer involvement in the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty (which is measured as consumers' repurchase and WOM intentions). Previous research has presented inconsistent implications on the role of consumer involvement in the relationship. Some researchers have presented the empirical results showing that consumer involvement moderates the relationship, whereas others have done the empirical results implying that the consumer involvement does not moderates. In sum, the previous empirical studies have provided the inconsistent empirical results that consumer involvement may be a moderator or a non-moderator in the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. Thus, we start this research with two research questions: "Does consumer involvement has a moderation effect on the relationship between-customer satisfaction and loyalty across various service industries?" and "Can the moderation effect of consumer involvement be detected differently depending on the statistical methods used to probe the moderation effect?" A questionnaire survey was conducted in the context of four service categories: eight service firms for fast food, four firms for family restaurant, four firms for movie theater and four firms for Bakery. Hierarchical regression analyses (moderated regression analyses) and chi-square difference tests were used to identify the role of consumer involvement in the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. The empirical results show that there does not exist the difference in the moderation effects of consumer involvement identified by the two statistical methods (i.e., hierarchical regression analyses vs. chi-square difference tests), however, that there exists the difference in the identified moderation effects of consumer across service categories. In the final section, we summarize the implications and re-interpret the empirical results provided in the previous studies.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.470-480
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• 2006

본 연구의 주요주제는 온라인으로 제시되는 정보의 품질이다. 특히 제품의 태나 맞음새 등의 제품 품질이 불완전하게 평가될 수밖에 없는 의류제품의 온라인 쇼핑의 경우 제시되는 제품의 정보가 구매결정에 매우 중요한 단서가 된다. 온라인 제품정보에 대한선행연구가 주로 정보의 수량에 치우친 반면 본 연구에서는 중요성의 가중치로 제품정보의 품질을 알아보았다. 또한 이러한 과정에서 의류제품의 범주나 소비자들의 관여 정도가 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 실증적 연구를 위하여 13가지의 정보가 선정되었고 복종의 영향을 알아보기 위해 청바지와 티셔츠를 판매하는 상황을 가정 한 웹페이지가 설계되었다. 125명의 미국대학생들이 실험연구에 참여하였다. 연구결과 복종에 관계없이 중요한 기준들은 가중치 순서대로 사이즈, 가격, 스타일, 색상, 치수, 재고유무, 제품품질로 나타났다. 섬유조성, 직조방법, 개인화 등의 정보는 복종에 따라 중요도의 가중치가 다른 정보였다. 소비자의 의복관여는 복종에 따라 제품정보의 가중치에 다른 영향을 주었는데 티셔츠의 경우 고관여소비자는 재고유무정보에 보디-민감하며 재고유무와 사이즈 정보에는 덜 민감하였다. 청바지의 경우 고관여소비자는 섬유조성과 색상정보에 민감한 반면 직조방법이나 가격에는 상대적으로 덜 민감한 것으로 나타났다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to accomplish three major research goals. First, it strives to change consumers' focus from peripheral routes to a central route of public service advertising related to the good health policy, without problematic effects, by influencing consumers' knowledge or involvement. Second, this study examines the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and construal level theory (CLT). Specifically, we consider that the central route of ELM might correspond with the focal goal of CLT. Third, this study analyzes ELM through CLT. That is, ELM predicted that low involvement would take the peripheral route, and high involvement would take the central route. Research design, data, and methodology - This study consisted of three experiments. The first experiment had a 2×2 between-subject design. The subjects were university students and the research period was approximately one year. The first independent variable was the involvement of the overweight issue; this variable was measured and split by the median. The second independent variable was the temporal distance (near vs. distant future); this variable was manipulated. The second experiment also had a 2×2 between-subject design. The first variable was the involvement of cervical adenocarcinoma prevention, and was considered already manipulated by sex. Specifically, males had a low involvement of the disease, but females had high involvement. The second independent variable was priming (power vs. submissive). Power priming would induce abstract thinking, but submissive priming would take concrete processing. The third experiment had a 2×2×2 between-subject design. The first variable was cognitive depletion, and was manipulated by memorizing 9-digit numbers. The second and third independent variables were involvement and abstract thinking induction, such as prior experiments. Data were collected through questionnaires, and were analyzed by an SPSS program. Major hypotheses were tested by examining the interaction effects through ANOVA. Results - Major findings are as follows. First, even for low-involved consumers in the overweight category, distant future manipulation induced them to focus not on the peripheral route but on the central route of the public service advertisement. This result does not correspond to the typical ELM prediction. Second, under power priming, low-involved males of the cervical adenocarcinoma category focused on the peripheral route because of the induction to abstract thinking. This result replicated the first experiment, and confirmed the theoretical robustness. Third, high-involved females focused not on the central but on the peripheral route under the mixed condition of cognitive depletion and near future manipulation. Depletion consumed cognitive resources, and the processing mode of consumers changed from systematic to heuristic. Conclusions - ELM needs to be complemented through CLT in context of public service good health advertising. Specifically, the involvement of ELM may impact consumers' thinking mode (abstract vs. concrete), and the interaction effects may influence consumers' focus on advertising (central vs. peripheral route). This study's limitations were bounded subjects, limited stimuli, and somewhat weak external validity.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2024

소비자 관점에서 친환경 소비는 여전히 다양한 심리적 불편함을 유방할 수 있는 주제로서, 심리적 불현함은 부정적인 소비자 심리 메커니즘을 통해 친환경 소비 의사를 낮추는 작용을 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 친환경 제품에 대한 심리적 불편함이 이들이 해당 친환경 제품에 대해 갖는 추가가격 지불 의향에 미치는 영향력을 분석했다. 또한 이러한 관계에서 소비자의 제품군 관여가 갖는 조절효과를 분석했다. 총 407명의 미국 소비자들을 대상으로 진행된 온라인 설문에 의해 얻어진 소비자 응답 데이터를 바탕으로 한 통계적 분석 결과, 친환경 소비에 대해 갖고 있는 사람들의 심리적 불편함의 정도는 이들이 친환경 제품에 대해 갖는 추가가격 지불 의향에 직접적인 유의한 영향을 미치지는 않으나, 심리적 불편함이 추가가격 지불 의향에 미치는 영향력은 소비자의 제품군 관여 정도에 따라 유의하게 차이가 나는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to (1) identify the evaluation categories, areas, attributes, and criteria of the school food service program using both a qualitative and a quantitative analyses, (2) define the relative importance of the evaluation categories, areas, attributes, and criteria of the school food service program using analytic hierarchy process, (3) organize the evaluation system to improve quality of the school food service in Korea. A survey was conducted from August to October 2004 to collect data from 172 dietitians, 15 school food service officials at the educational board, 10 professionals of school food service. Statistical analyses were performed on the data utilizing the SPSS 12.0 for Windows and Excel, such as Descriptive statistics and analytic hierarchy process was performed. The result of the analytic hierarchy process indicated that relative importance of evaluation category was 0.4319 (food service manage ment), 0.2369 (nutrition education), 0.1455 (satisfaction) and 0.0912 (parent involvement program). 'Sanitation, safety and facility (0.1739)' was the most important area among the subcategories of food service management, followed by nutrition management (0.1581), procurement (0.1375), production (0.1345), organization and personnel management (0.0662), planning (0.0644), food service evaluation (0.0585), financial accountability (0.0555), and information management (0.0554). There existed a relative importance on the three areas of the nutrition program and satisfaction evaluation category: students (0.5281, 0.6221), parents (0.1812, 0.1491), and teachers (0.1838, 0.1618). In the parent involvement program evaluation category, relative importance of committee and monitoring management was 0.4658 and information communication was 0.3724. The quality of food and service to school children can be improved by the appropriate application of the developed evaluation tool for the school food service program.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-70
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• 2003

Many researches on brand equity have been focused in definition about it, factors of it, and the process of formation. Most of them have been used by voluntary production category, as is durable goods or nondurable goods. But this study, using the model is developed by Foote, Cone & Be1ding(FCB) Company, classified four fields, high-low involvement, rationality(rational or sensitive) involvement. The selected goods is a sensitive high involvement(casual wear). This study investigate the effects of brand equity and search the influences of brand equity formation according to factors of marketing mix. To this goals, this study kept a literature survey and a demonstrative research. In literature survey, there are several definitions of brand and brand equity. The research model is derived from selected factors of marketing mix and former study. This study used the regression analysis to verify effects from brand equity through the selected marketing mix. The research data is collected from the capital area. The focus of this study is effects of brand equity according to marketing mix. The followings are results and suggestions of this study. First, in the price factors, the affirmative effects are revealed the perceived quality and the brand awareness in a rational high involvement goods, the perceived quality and the brand associations in a sensitive high involvement goods, all factors of brand equity in a rational low involvement goods, and the perceived quality in a sensitive low involvement goods. As summary, the important characteristics is the price factors to consumers, and consumers recognize that a high price means a high quality. Second, in the store image factors, the affirmative effects are revealed all brand equity factors in a rational high involvement and a sensitive high-low involvement. A good store image incites more interest, contact, and visit from potential consumer. And such store offers more consumer satisfaction, simulates more active and positive conversation to consumers. Third, in advertising spending factors, the affirmative effects are revealed the brand awareness and associations in a rational high involvement and a sensitive high involvement, all brand equity factors in a rational low involvement and a sensitive low involvement. An advertisement increases not only a brand awareness but also strong brand associations. Forth, in price promotion factors, the affirmative effects are revealed the brand associations in a rational high involvement, the negative effects are revealed all brand equity in sensitive high involvement. According the result about the effects of brand royalty through the brand equity factors, a perceived quality and brand associations have positive effects to brand royalty in all factors. Consumers choice a deep perceived quality than other competitive brand. So, brand equity will increase according to a qualitative grade of a perceived brand by consumers. Brand associations represent a quality and a degree of involvement. In conclusion, brand associations and equity have a positive relation each other. According to the analysis results about a brand royalty of selected marketing mix factors, the affirmative effects are revealed the store image and price promotion factors in a rational high involvement, the price and store image in a sensitive high involvement, and the price and advertising spending in a rational low involvement. The results about the affect of selected marketing mix factors according to brand equity, are the perceived quality in a high involvement, and all brand equity factors in a low involvement. The affirmative effects about a store image are revealed all equity factors in high-low involvement. In advertising spending factors, the affirmative effects are revealed the brand awareness and associations in a high involvement goods, and the perceived quality and the brand awareness in a low involvement goods. In price promotion factors, the affirmative effects are revealed the brand awareness in a low involvement goods, and the negative effects are revealed the brand awareness in a high involvement goods. According to a degree of involvement, the results of a brand royalty through a brand equity factors are following. The affirmative effects are revealed the perceived quality and the brand royalty in a high involvement goods, and the brand awareness are revealed a negative effect. The affirmative effects are revealed the perceived Quality and the brand associations in a low involvement goods. So, in a high involvement goods, the brand royalty is built by strong brand associations, but, in a low involvement goods, the brand royalty is built also by a perceived Quality and a brand awareness. This study have some concept of limitation. So, this study presents a future direction of research. First, a future study has to have more deep analysis for this study analyzed through a limited marketing mix factors. Second, a future research has to get mutual effects about brand equity of marketing mix factors for this study has an individual marketing decision factors. Third, for the future, a brand equity needs a research about a several goods such as services, profit or nonprofit, industrial products, culture, and so on. Forth, the research have to diversify a various data for population.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2008

기업연상(corporate association)이 제품 평가(product responses)에 어떻게 영향을 미치는 가에 대한 연구가 부진하다는 Brown and Dacin(1997)의 문제 제기가 있은 후, 기업연상이 제품 판단에 미치는 영향과 과정에 대한 조절변수와 매개변수들을 파악하려는 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 기업연상의 두가지 유형인 CA(corporate ability) 연상과 CSR(corporate social responsibility) 연상이 성능과 재무위험에 미치는 영향력과 그 영향력을 조절하는 변수들을 조사하였다. 분석 결과에 의하면, 주효과(main effects)에 있어서는, 가설에서 기대한 바와 같이 CA 연상이 성능위험과 재무위험에 유의한 영향력을 갖는 것으로 나타난 반면, CSR 연상은 성능위험과 재무위험에 대해 유의한 영향력을 갖지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 조절변수로 인한 상호작용효과와 관련해서는, CA 연상이 성능위험과 재무위험에 미치는 주효과에 대해 제품범주 지식과 관여는 각각 유의한 조절효과를 나타내었다. 하지만, CSR 연상이 성능위험과 재무위험에 미치는 주효과에 대해서는 제품범주 지식과 관여의 조절효과는 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통하여 제품의 기능적인 속성에 대한 정보가 부족한 제품에 대해 소비자가 지각하는 위험을 감소시키기 위하여, 기업은 CSR 연상보다는 CA 연상에 대해 강조할 필요가 있다는 결론을 내리게 되었다.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.63-76
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• 2001

기업 서비스(business services)는 제조업이나 서비스업에 제공되는 산업재적 성격의 서비스로서 서비스 산업에서 매우 빠르게 성장하는 동시에 높은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고 기업 서비스 분야 연구는 상대적으로 소흘히 다루어져 왔다. Matthyssens and Vandenbempt(1998)는 기존의 서비스 연구 중에서 산업재 서비스의 관리 및 마케팅 연구는 상대적으로 비중이 적다고 하였고, Morris and Davis(1992)와 Moore and Schlegelmilch(1994) 역시 산업재 서비스 마케팅 연구의 부족과 이 분야의 보다 많은 관심과 연구의 필요성을 지적하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국 기업을 대상으로 기업 서비스 소싱 유형 및 전략에 관하여 실증적으로 고찰하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면, 공급자 충성도가 관여도에 관계없이 공급자 선정 결정에 영향을 미치지 못하고 있으며, 가격 요인의 영향력이 기대와는 달리 저관여 구매상황에서 미미하였다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제29권
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• pp.205-230
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• 1995

The publication of books on modern agriculture started under the influence of Silhak Thought developed from the late Chosun Dynasty. The common intention found in these publications is the objective to enrich the country through increased agricultural productivity and thus to secure national independence from the surrounding powers. The study reviews three different categories in this area; five general books on agriculture, three on agriculture related legal regulations, and ten books introducing techniques of commercial agriculture. The first category is comprehensive treatment of general agricultural content and the second is legal regulations which affected the contemporary agriculture. The third category is introductory books on commercial techniques aimed at accumulating wealth through agriculture. Silkworm cultivation occupies an important place in these publications owing to the active encouragement given by the Section of Silkworm Cultivation in the Ministry of Agriculture, Commerce and Industry. We can recognise the extensive involvement of Suh Pyung Sook, who served as the Section Chief of Silkworm Cultivation in 1904, by examining introductions and prefaces of many books in this category. The examples of general books on agriculture are 'New Agricultural Administration' (농정신편), 'General Introduction on Agiculture' (농업대요), 'New Textbook on Agricuture' (신찬농업교과서), 'Pragmatic Agriculture' (실리농방신편), Of these, 'New Agricultural Administration' (농정신편) is evaluated as the first publication on modern agriculture. It was written in 1881, and the first edition was published was published in 1901 with the second edition following in 1905. Examples of the second category are; 'The regulation on utilizing uncultivated state owned land' (국유미간지리용법) legislated and declared with the intention of expanding cultivated area, 'Mining and Forestry Regulation' (광임법규), 'Forest Land Regulation' (임야법령) to administer mining and forestry. Books on commercial agriculture take up the highest proportion in the agricultural publication of this period. These cover silkworm cultivation, chicken farming, vegetables and fruits. The books introduce Western techniques with more scientific and rational approach especially on Silkworm cultivation and chichen farming which had become increasingly significant as commercial agriculture from the late Chosun Dynasty.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.73-91
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• 2007

We investigate factors that influence the choice of high-share brands(HSBs) vs. low-share brands(LSBs) among various product and consumer characteristics related to brand-share perceptions. Specifically, using 8 product categories varying in terms of purchase decision involvement, we show how the influencing factors vary across the categories. At the general level that cover all the 8 categories, our hierarchical Bayesian regressions analysis shows that factors that favor high-share brands are purchase decision involvement, search goods, experience goods, price-quality relationship, positive network externalities, and price-prestige beliefs. Conversely, consumers who value variety seeking and need for uniqueness favor low-share brands. The effects of these factors, however, vary across product categories. The identification of these characteristics can help brand managers establish a more effective brand-share strategy in such areas as setting an optimal market share goal, extending a brand, and developing ad copy. Furthermore, our consumer segmentation analysis demonstrates the general market has two distinct segments - (1) a segment composed of HSB buyers(86%) and (2) a segment composed of LSB buyers(14%). The two segments are also shown to have different significant factors that explain their brand choice. Our segmentation analysis can help marketers establish a marketing strategy that targets a specific segment of interest.