• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 2009

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Solanum nigum Linne total extract (SNT), Solanum nigum Linne leaf extract (SNL), Solanum nigum Linne root extract (SNR) on liver injury induced by Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in Sprague-Dawley rats. SNT, SNL, SNR of 100 mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5 ml/kg for 20 days. on the day 1.5 ml/kg of LPS was injected. Four hours later, they were anesthetization with ether and dissected. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were measured in serum and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured in liver homogenate. SNT, SNL, SNR extract inhibited GOT and GPT activities in LPS-induced rats, whereas increased SOD, Catalase and GPX activity in liver tissue of LPS-induced rats. These suggested that SNT, SNL, SNR could be used for functional beverage.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1254-1262
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• 1998

This study has done to investigate the relationship between the icreased lipid oncentration caused by smoking and plama levels of vitamin A and vitamin E, antiodative enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation , in 52 male smokers and 32 non-smokers, Dietary vitamin A and vitamin E intake was imilar in both smokers and non-smokers. Absolute plasma concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin E were not significantly different between two groups, whereas vitamin E/cholesterol ration in plasma was low or in smokers than in that of non-smokers(p<0.05). It was considered that this lowered effect was due to the elevated plasma lipid concentration rather than oxidant stress derived from smoking, in view of the fact that smokers had higher cholesterol (15.2%) adn LDL-C(26.6%) levels than non-smokers. In non-smokers, plasma thiobarbiturin acid reactive substances(TBARS) conrrelated positively with total cholesterol(r=0.63466, p<0.001), LDL-C level(r=0.57166, p<0.01) , and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio(r=0.45926, p<0.05) . Activities of glutathione perosidase(GSH-Px) , superoside dismutase(SOD), and catalse made no difference in both groups. However, it was observed in non-smokers that GSH-Px activity had negative correlations with total cholesterol(r=-0.67293, p<0.001), LDL-C level(r=-0.62878, p<0.001), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (r=-0.58824, p<0.01), indicating that there was a dependent relationship between lipid perosidation and plasma lipid level. The smokers also showed negative correlations for GSH-Px activity with total cholesterol (r=-0.29946, p<0.05) and LDL-c level (r=0.45914, p<0.001), and LDL-C/HDL-c ratio(r=-0.35438, p<0.05). It seemed that the lipid that the lipid level elevated by sustaines smoking resulted in reducing vitamin E/cholesterol ratio and proportion of antioxidant to oxidant load, and then GSH-Px activity, with insufficient removal of free radicals(TBARS 2.43$\pm$0.51 and 1.81$\pm$0.15nmol/ml in smokers and non-smokers, respectively). These findings suggest that higher plasma lipid levels may play a more important role in perturbing the antioxidant defense system including vitamin E status and GSH-Px activity, at least in circumstances that increase lipid concentration . In addition, in exposure to free radicals like those in cigarette smoke. In those cases the ratio of vitamin E/lipid in plasma can be a more indicator of vitamin E status than plasma levels of vitamin E alone.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.455-463
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• 2005

Resistance to isoniazid (INH), which is one of the most important drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis chemotherapy, has been associated with mutations in genes encoding the mycobacterial catalse-peroxidase (katG), the enoyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (inhA), alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahpC), beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase (kasA), and NADH dehydrogenase (ndh). In this study, we examined INH-resistance related genes in 50 INH-resistant and 24 INH-susceptible isolates by PCR-sequence analysis. In brief, mutations at the katG gene were found at codon 315 alone (2/50), at codon 463 alone (19/50), and both at 315 and 463 (29/50). However, while mutations at codon 315 were only detected in INH-resistant isolates, mutations at codon 463 were also detected in INH-susceptible isolates indicating mutations at 463 alone do not seem to confer resistance to INH. Similar to the case of katG 463, some of inhA mutations were also found among INH-susceptible isolates. For example, whereas mutations at 8 upstream of the start codon (UPS) and 15 UPS of the inhA gene were detected only in INH-resistant isolates, mutations at 101, 115, and 125 UPS were detected only in INH-susceptible isolates. Many different kinds of mutations were detected in INH­resistant isolates at ahpC, oxyR gene, and intergenic region of the oxyR-ahpC genes. Howerver, the mutations were not found oxyR and the intergenic regions in INH-susceptible isolates. No mutations were found at either kasA or at ndh gene among INH-resistant isolates. In conclusion, some of mutations such as katG 315, inhA promotor region, and oxyR-ahpC seem to be strongly related to INH-resistance. Currently we are developing a molecular diagnostic method based on these results.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 1992

Srrepromycec. corlirolar produces at least 4 catalase activity bands with different electrophoretic mobilities on polyacrylamide gel which vary during development. Spores and mycelia at stationary phase produced all the activity bands(Cat1. 760 kr); Cat3-I, 170 kD: Cat3-2, 140 kD: Cat3-3. 130 kD; Cat4, 70 kD) except for Cat2 (300 kD). Mycelia at mid-logarithmic phase produced only Cat2 and Cat3-2 bands, and mycelia at late-logarithmic phase produced bands except Catl and Cat\ulcorner. Catalase-deficient mutants were screened in S. coelicalur by H201 bubbling test following NTG mutagenesis. Wc tested sevcral non-bubbling or slow-bubbling mutants for their catalase activities. The overall activities in cell extracts decreased more than 5 fold. Activity bands in native gel selectively decreased in intensity or disappeared. In all the non-bubbling mutants testcd, Cat3-2 band decreased significantly or disappeared. suggesting that Cat3-2 is the major catalase. The selective disappearance of bands in mutants suggest that each band is governed by different genes. We purified catalase activity from -:ell extracts obtained at late-logarithmic phase. Following chromatographies on Sepharose CL-4B. DEAE Sepharose CL-6B. Phcnyl Sepharose CL-4B. and hydroxylapatite columns. only the Cat3-2 activity was obtained. The native form of Cat3-2 has molecular weight of approximately 140 kD, judged by gel electrophoresis. Thc electrophoretic mobility on SDS-polyactylamide gel suggests that this enzyme contains 2 identical subunits of 67 kD.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.224-231
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• 1995

Paraquat, the representative bipyridilium herbicide, has high phytotoxic activity through generating toxic oxygen species such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxy radical. The response patterns of plants to paraquat were various. It was assumed that the different response was derived from different antioxidative mechanisms including antioxidative enzymes and antioxidant. Paraquat treatment increased reducing sugar content and malondialdehyde formation at 35 days after treatment in a dose-dependent manner but chlorophyll content decreased. Glutathione content increased by paraquat treatment and tolerant species showed more glutathione content than susceptible species. Superoxide dismutase activity increased with the increase in paraquat concentration and that was higher in tolerant species than susceptible species. Photosynthetic activity(PSII activity) was affected by paraquat, so the susceptible species showed more reduced oxygen evolving capacity than tolerant species. Catalse, NADPH-cytochrome C reductase, and malate dehydrogenase, the enzymes tested in this study, showed that the activities decreased by paraquat treatment. Further studies are necessary to determine whether antioxidative system cause the tolerance to paraquat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effect of water extract of green tea (GT), persimmon leaf (PL) and safflower seed (SS) on heme synthesis and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in lead (Pb)-administered rats. Male rats were divided into five groups. a normal, Pb-control (Pb-Con), Pb-GT, Pb-PL and Pb-55 groups with ten rats per group. Pb (25 mg/kg. BW) was orally administerd once a day for 4 weeks. The extract of GT, PL and 55 were administered based on 1.26 g of raw traditional tea/kg BW/day. Blood hematocrit, homoglobin level and red blood cell counts were significantly lower in rb-Con group than in normal group. However, the supplementation of GT, PL and 55 were effective to improve the hematological parameters. Plasma AST and ALT activities were significantly lower in Pb-GT, Pb-PL, Pb-SS groups than in Pb-Con group. The $\delta$ -amino-levulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity of blood and liver were significantly lowered in Pb-Con group com-pared to those of the normal group. The ALAD activity in Pb administered rats was recovered to tile normal level by the water extract of GT, PL and 55 supplementation. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and catalse activities were significantly higher in Pb-Con group than in normal group, whereas glutathione peroxidase activity was lowered in Pb administered rats. The extract of GT, PL and SS supplement attenuated changes of these erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities by Pb intoxication.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2007

목적 : 본 연구에서는 한국인 소아의 침 및 성인의 질부로부터 분리한 1367개의 유산 생성 균주 중 4가지의 장내 병원성 세균;Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157에 대해 발육억제 효과를 나타내는 유산 균주를 분리하고 분리된 균주의 Probiotic으로서의 가능성을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법 : 네 가지 병원성 세균을 대상으로 agar spot test와 Catalse test를 시행하여 1367개 균주 중 최종적인 실험대상 균주를 선정하였다. 최종 선정된 유산균과 네 가지 병원성 세균을 혼합 배양하여 병원성 세균증식 억제 효과를 보았다. 또한 최종균주의 probiotic으로서의 가능성을 확인하기 위해 균을 동정하고 내산성 등 몇 가지 특성을 관찰하였다. 결과 : Agar spot test 결과 전체의 15.7%에 해당하는 215 균주가 MRSA에 대해 억제 효과를 나타내었으며 215 균주 중 9.8%에 해당하는 21 균주가 L. monocytogenes에도 동시에 억제효과를 나타냈다. 이들 균주 중 가장 탁월한 효과를 보인 Lb 1250을 실험 대상 균주로 선정하였다. Lb(Lactobacillus) 1250과 상술한 병원성 세균을 각각 혼합 배양하면 Lb 1250 존재 하에서 MRSA의 증식은 $10^4$배 억제되었으며, L. monocytogenes는 $10^3$배의 억제 효과를 보였다. 그러나 S. typhimurium, E. coli O157에 대해서는 아주 미약한 효과를 나타냈다. Lb 1250의 몇 가지 특성을 조사한 결과 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii로 동정되었으며, 이는 $H_{2}O_2$를 잘 생산해 내는 균주이었다. 또한 이 균주는 우유에서 curd를 약하게 생성하며 이 curd의 향은 달콤하고 최종 pH가 4.6까지 감소하였으며, pH 2와 같은 강산의 조건하에서 배양한 결과 2시간 후에도 상당한 생존도를 유지하였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과에서 Lb 1250은 병원성 세균의 성장을 억제함을 관찰하였고, probiotic으로서의 이용가능성을 확인하였다.