• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2007

Catabolism of amino acids, including sulfur-containing amino acids, can be responsible for the development of cheese flavor during ripening Since accelerating, intensifying, modulating cheese flavor development is of major economical interests, the identification of flavor compounds and enzymes contributing to cheese flavor development needs to be investigated. Generally, two different pathways, which are a transamination pathway catalyzed by aminotransferases and an elimination reaction catalyzed by lyases, potentially lead to conversion of amino acids into flavor compounds. In this review, enzymes and amino acid catabolic pathways responsible for cheese flavor formation will be discussed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.482-490
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• 2022

Sarcopenia, a geriatric and multifactorial syndrome characterized by progressive systemic skeletal muscle disorder, may be associated with many comorbidities. Sarcopenia caused by a decrease in muscle mass and muscle strength is accompanied by the aggravation of various pathological conditions, and as life expectancy increases, its prevalence will continue to increase in the future. During the aging process, chronic oxidative stress and increased inflammatory responses act as major contributors to skeletal muscle loss. In addition, disruption of autophagy and apoptosis signals associated with dysfunction of mitochondria, which are essential for energy metabolism, accelerates the loss of muscle proteins. The pharmacological effect of cordycepin, a major physiologically active substance in the genus Cordyceps, which has been widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases for a long time, is directly related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. In this review, we present the correlation between apoptosis, autophagy, protein catabolism, and satellite cell activity important for muscle regeneration using cordycepin for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Although there have been few studies so far on the use of cordycepin for sarcopenia, previous studies suggest that cordycepin may contribute to inhibiting the age-related weakening of mitochondrial function and blocking the breakdown of muscle proteins. In addition, the protective effect of cordycepin on muscle cell damage is considered to be closely related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, it is considered that more continuous basic research is needed, focusing on the molecular biological mechanism of cordycepin, which is involved in the anti-aging of muscle cells.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1990

Hydrocortisone 50 mg/kg (HC), dehydroepiandrosterone 250 mg/kg (DHEA), ${\beta}-estradiol$ 5 mg/kg (E2), and testosterone 20 mg/kg (TS) were subcutaneously injected into the castrated ICR mice at noon for four days, and the animals were sacrificed at 10-12 A.M. of the fifth day. The intestinal DAO activity was significantly decreased by HC, but it was rather increased by E2 and TS, respectively. And DHEA did not change the DAO activity. But the hepatic MAO activity was not affected by anyone of HC, DHEA, E2, and TS. Aminoguanidine 25 mg/kg produced the marked decrease of the intestinal DAO activity and the significant increases of the intestinal PT and SD contents, but it did not change the hepatic polyamine contents. HC and DHEA induced the significant increase of the intestinal PT content. E2 induced the marked increase of the hepatic PT content and the moderate increase of the intestinal PT content. TS little affected the polyamine contents of the liver and intestine. These results suggest that the E2-induced increase of the hepatic PT content is rather ascribed to the greater enhancement of PT synthesis than the inhibition of polyamine catabolism, and that the HC-induced increase of the intestinal PT content is due partly to the inhibition of polyamine catabolism via DAO.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2016

Propionic acidemia (PA) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by the deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). PA affects the catabolism of branched chain amino acid and oddchain fatty acid then results in accumulation of propionic acid and other metabolites in plasma and urine. Catabolic stress such as infection, illness or any stress can precipitate cause acute metabolic decompensation, especially in the first years of life. Acute metabolic decompensation commonly calls for emergency treatment or admission and if the patient is in a serious condition, it can lead to coma or death. But frequent admissions or visiting the emergency room are much burden to the patients and their kins. And we experienced the propionic academia with a confirmed novel mutation and the patient suffered from frequent admission and visiting the emergency room. So, we tried the regular home carebased fluid therapy after securing a central venous line. Finally, we succeeded in preventing frequent admissions resulted from acute metabolic decompensation and could contribute to relieving the burden to the patient and their family.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1168-1173
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• 2014

The homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD) gene, which consists of 14 exons and spans approximately 42630bp on Bos taurus autosome 1 (BTA 1), is one of the six enzymes required for catabolism of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine. It has been reported that BTA1 harbors quantitative trait loci that effect marbling score (MS), carcass weight (CW), and longissimus muscle area (LMA) in cattle. The aim of this study was to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HGD gene and to analyze their association with economic traits in Korean cattle (Hanwoo). Genetic polymorphisms were screened by direct sequencing, which detected 10 SNPs (T11187C, T11301A, T11398G, G29833A, G34256T, G34257C, T34284C, T42333G, T42348C, and T42468C). Six polymorphic sites were selected for genotyping, and economic traits were analyzed using a general linear model in Korean cattle (n=90). The observed genotype frequencies for G34256T were 0.5843(GG), 0.3708(GT), and 0.0449(TT). In addition, 0.3596(GG), 0.3708(GC), and 0.2697(CC) were observed for the G34257C mutation. Statistical association analysis revealed that G34256T polymorphisms were significantly associated with MS, and G34257C polymorphisms were significantly associated with MS and LMA (p<0.05). Further study is needed in order to use the genetic variant as a marker for marker-assisted selection in Korean cattle.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2011

Purpose: The object of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of early total parenteral nutrition with early amino acid in extremely low birth weight infant (ELBWI). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of all ELBWIs who were born and admitted to Samsung Medical Center from January 2003 to December 2003 and January 2009 to December 2009 and alive at the time of discharge. Data for nutritional status and morbidities were compared between period 1 (2003, n=22), in which parenteral nutritional support was started gradually over several days and period 2 (2009, n=38), in which parenteral nutrition with amino acid was started as soon as possible after birth. Results: Compared to period 1, birth weight and Apgar score were lower in period 2. The intake amount of glucose, amino acid and total calorie was higher and the level of blood urea nitrogen was increased more from 7th day to 14th day after birth in period 2 when compared than period 1. The weight gain velocity was faster at 7th and 14th postnatal day in period 2. There were no differences in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (${\geq}$ Gr III) between two periods but, the incidence of periventricular leukomalacia(PVL) was significantly lower in period 2. Conclusion: Early initiation of total parenteral nutrition with early amino acid in ELBWIs was beneficial at weight gain with lowering catabolism and increasing anabolism. And it could be related with reducing the incidence of PVL.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.430-436
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• 1996

The induction by xylose and repression by glucose of xylose isomerase(XI) were investigated to elucidate the regulation for production of XI in Escherichia coli. Regulation for expression of xyIA gene which codes XI is under control of xylR which is a regulatory gene for xylose catabolism. When xyIR gene was resided in chromosome, the inductions of XI by the addition of 0.4% xylose were increased to 1.9 and 1.7-fold in case of locating on multicopy(pEX202/DH77) and low copy Plasmid(pEX102/DH77), respectively, as compared with that of xylA gene which was resided in chromosome(JM109). xyIR gene product derived from xyIR gene on chromosome might react to xylA gene on the plasmid as same as xylA gene on chromosome. In JM109 and xylA transformant; pEX202/DH77 and pEX102/DH77, the inductions of XI were completely repressed by the addition of 0.2% glucose and these catabolite repressions were derepressed by the addition of 1 mM cAMP In comparison with the addition of 0.4% xylose only for the induction XI was inductively produced 1.7 to 2-fold with the addition of xylose plus 1 mM cAMP in DM minimal media. pEX13/TP2010, xylA transformant of the deficient mutant($xyl^-,\;cya^-$; TP2010) of XI and cAMP production, did not induce XI by the addition of xylose only but induced in case of simultaneous addition of xylose and cAMP. These results show that cAMP and xylose are the indispensable effectors for the induction and derepression of Xl in E. coli.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.422-431
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• 2019

Severe droughts in spring have occurred frequently in Korea in recent years, exerting a critical impact on corn yield. Therefore, it is necessary to find physiological and/or molecular indicators of the response to drought stress in maize plants. In this study, we investigated the effects of water-deficit stress on two Korean elite F₁ maize hybrids, Ilmichal and Gwangpyeongok, by withholding water for 10 days at tassel initiation. The water deficit drastically reduced the relative leaf water content, leaf number, leaf area, and stem length, leading to dry matter reduction. Moreover, it reduced the SPAD values and stomatal conductance of leaves in drought-stressed plants of both hybrids. Importantly, the number of leaves and SPAD value were non-destructive and easy to investigate in response to water-deficit stress, suggesting that they may be useful indicators for screening drought-tolerant genetic resources. We detected more than 100 spots that were differentially accumulated under drought stress. Of these spots, a total of 21 protein spots (≥1.5-fold) from drought-exposed maize leaves were successfully analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. Functional annotation using Gene Ontology analysis revealed that most of the identified proteins were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, stress response fatty acid catabolism, photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and transport. The protein expression levels were increased in both Ilmichal and Gwangpyeongok, except for triosephosphate isomerase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and an uncharacterized protein. The lactoylglutathione lyase delta (3,5)-delta (2,4)-dienoyl-CoA isomerase was overexpressed in Gwangpyeongok only. The results obtained from this study suggest that the drought-specific genes may be useful as molecular markers for screening drought-tolerant maize genotypes.