• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of digital dental models constructed from cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans of polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impressions and cast scan models. Materials and Methods: A pair of PVS impressions was obtained from 20 subjects and scanned using CBCT (resolution, 0.1 mm). A cast scan model was constructed by scanning the gypsum model using a model scanner. After reconstruction of the digital models, the mesio-distal width of each tooth, inter-canine width, and inter-molar width were measured, and the Bolton ratios were calculated and compared. The 2 models were superimposed and the difference between the models was measured using 3-dimensional analysis. Results: The range of mean error between the cast scan model and the CBCT scan model was -0.15 mm to 0.13 mm in the mesio-distal width of the teeth and 0.03 mm to 0.42 mm in the width analysis. The differences in the Bolton ratios between the cast scan models and CBCT scan models were 0.87 (anterior ratio) and 0.72 (overall ratio), with no significant difference (P>0.05). The mean maxillary and mandibular difference when the cast scan model and the CBCT scan model were superimposed was 53 ㎛. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in most of the measurements. The maximum tooth size difference was 0.15mm, and the average difference in model overlap was 53 ㎛. Digital models produced by scanning impressions at a high resolution using CBCT can be used in clinical practice.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1041-1047
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 거의 모든 기반산업에서 필수적인 생산기술로 사용되고 있는 금형의 기계적 성질을 향상시키기 위해 고출력 다이오드 레이저를 이용하여 두 종류의 금형재료용 주철을 표면경화처리하였다. 우선, 구상흑연 주철인 FCD550 소재에 대하여 열처리 특성을 파악한 후, 편상흑연 주철인 HCI350 소재를 열처리하여 두 소재의 표면경화 특성을 비교하였다. 경화부의 경도는 두 시험편 모두 모재에 비해 3배 이상의 경도 상승을 보였지만, 재료에 포함된 흑연의 함유량 및 형상의 차이에 의한 재료의 열전도도에 따라서 FCD550 소재에 비해 HCI350이 열처리하는데 있어서 더 많은 입열이 요구되었다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.356-361
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• 2019

The friction and wear between machine components directly influence the energy loss and failure in various machines. Therefore, there is always a demand for finding methods to reduce friction and wear. Of the possible methods, lubrication is a widely used method for reducing friction and wear. In the case of lubrication, it is important to analyze the tribological behavior in the boundary lubrication because most of friction and wear occurs in the boundary lubrication regime. Cast iron has been regarded as a good material for industrial applications due to the excellent mechanical properties and high productivity. Especially, nodular cast iron is a material that shows better mechanical properties and wear-resistance compared with cast iron due to inclusion of spheroidal graphite. In this work, we investigated the tribological characteristics of nodular cast iron with respect to different counter parts in boundary lubrication regime. Sliding tests were conducted with SUJ2, ZrO₂, Si₃N₄ balls as counter parts using a pin-on-disk type tribotester. The results showed different friction and wear behaviors with different counter parts. The case of ZrO₂ showed the lowest wear rate in specimen and no significant ball wear. In case of SUJ2, it showed similar wear rate with ZrO₂ case in specimen and the highest friction coefficient. The case of Si₃N₄ showed the lowest friction coefficient, 33% lower than the case of SUJ2. It showed 16.9 times larger wear rate in specimen and 43% larger wear rate in ball compared to that of the SUJ2 case.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.263-267
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• 2017

Co-Cr 합금은 체내 인공관절용으로 사용될 때 세포 독성이 없고, 생체조직과 반응을 일으키지 않는 뛰어난 생체적합성과 인장강도, 연신율, 내마모성 등의 기계적 성질과 우수한 내마모 특성을 보유하고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한 Co-Cr 합금은 Carbon 원소를 첨가하여 고용체 강화와 탄화물에 의한 석출강화로 기계적 성질을 향상시키고 내식성을 크게 향상시키고 있다. 본 연구에서는 정밀주조법으로 제조된 인공관절용 Co-Cr 합금 시편의 GPS(Gas Pressured Sintering) 열처리공정에 따른 결정구조 및 미세조직 등의 재료특성 변화를 고찰하였다. XRD 분석을 통하여 as-cast 시편과 GPS 열처리 공정후 시편의 결정상 변화를 고찰하였으며, 제조된 합금의 입계사이에 metal carbide($Cr_{23}C_6$) 석출물들의 생성이 증가되었음을 OM, FE-SEM, EDS 분석으로 확인하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권12B호
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• pp.758-766
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• 2007

클라이언트-서버 구조의 스트리밍 시스템은 서버의 가용 능력에 따라 클라이언트의 개수가 제한되는 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷 방송 시스템의 확장성과 안정성을 지원하기 위해 P2P에 기반한 모델을 제시한 후, 프로토타입 시스템을 구현한 사례를 소개한다. 본 논문에서 구현한 시스템인 OmniCast264는 실시간으로 H.264 비디오 스트림을 제공하는 인코딩 서버, 스트림을 네트워크에 분배하는 스트리ald 서버, 비디오의 재생 및 분배를 담당하는 피어 노드, 그리고 P2P 네트워크에 노드를 동적으로 배치시키는 프록시 서버로 구성된다. P2P에기반한 OmniCast264은 스트리밍 부하의 분산화, 실시간 재생, 에러 발생에 따른 강건함, 계층의 모듈화 등의 개념을 가지고 있기 때문에 대용량의 인터넷 방송에 적합하다고 할 수 있다. 마지막으로 12 대의 PC들을 병렬 및 직렬 구조의 P2P로 구성한 후, OmniCast264의 성능을 평가하여 실시간 재생이 가능함을 검증하였다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2019

Cu-added SKD11 was manufactured through the casting process and the effects of Cu addition with different contents (0, 1, 2 and 3 wt%) and aging treatment on microstructure, mechanical characteristics such as tensile strength and hardness, and thermal conductivity were investigated. The microstructure was analyzed by FE-SEM and XRD, the mechanical characteristics by Rockwell hardness tester and Tensile tester, and the thermal conductivity by Laser flash. As a result, SKD11 containing Cu had higher hardness than as-received SKD11. The hardness of as-cast SKD11 containing 1 wt% Cu was 42.4 HRC, whereas the hardness of asreceived SKD11 cast alloy was 19.5 HRC, indicating that the hardness was greatly improved when Cu was added. In the case of tensile strength, Cu-added SKD11 cast alloy had lower tensile strength than as-received SKD11, and the tensile strength tended to increase as Cu content increased. After heat treatment, however, tensile strength of as-received SKD11 was significantly increased, whereas in the case of Cu-added SKD11, as the Cu contents increased, the tensile strength increased less and even reduced at 3 wt% Cu. The thermal conductivity of Cu-added SKD11 cast alloy was about 13 W m^-1 K^-1, which was lower than that of the asreceived SKD11 cast alloy (28 W m^-1 K^-1). After the heat treatment, however, the thermal conductivity of as-received SKD11 was reduced, while the thermal conductivity of the SKD11 added with Cu was increased. Thermal conductivity was generally larger with less Cu content, and this tendency became more pronounced after heat treatment.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 1995

This study was carried out to find the effects of the mixtures of earthworm cast, peatmoss, and vermiculite as a vegetable plant growth medium on the growth pepper seedlings. The mixed ratios of earthworm cast-peatmoss-vermiculite were 40-20-40, 40-30-30, 40-40-40, 50-20-30, 50-30-20, 60-10-30, 60-20-20 and 60-30-10%. The results of the study are as follows: 1, There was a significant difference of plant length, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and biological yield per plant for growth stages and mixed ratios(p<0.05). But there was no significant interactions for both of them. 2. The nursery soil with earthworm cast was generally higher than the control treatment in shoot dry weight, root dry weight adn biological yield per plant. The shoot dry weight and biological yield per plant were high in the treatment including 60% of the earthworm cast to the 3rd week and in the one including 50% from the 4th week. But in root dry weight, the treatment including 40% of it was higher than treatment of the others. 3. The shoot dry weight per plant in treatments consisting both of 40% of earthworm, 40% of peatmoss and 20% of vermiculite and of 60%, 10% and 30% was more significant than that in the control treatment(p<0.05). 4. The average relative growth rates of shoot dry weight, root dry weight and biological yield for all treatments were higher than the ratio of control treatment except the ration of the treatment consisting of 60% of earthworm, 20% of peatmoss and 20% of vermiculite.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2018

The effects of Sr and (Ti-B) additives on the tensile properties of AC4A recycled (35% scrap content) aluminum alloys were investigated. An acicular morphology of the eutectic Si phase of as-cast specimens was converted to a fibrous morphology upon the addition of Sr. Moreover, morphology of the Sr modified eutectic Si phase became finer due to a T6 heat treatment. The grain size of the ${\alpha}$-solid solution was decreased by the addition of (Ti-B) additives. Depending on the treatment conditions of the as-cast specimens, i.e., no addition, a Sr addition and a (Ti-B)+Sr addition, the tensile strength levels of the as-cast specimens were 182, 192, and 204MPa, respectively. The corresponding strengths of T6 heat-treated specimens were 293, 308, and 318MPa. Elongations of the as-cast specimens were 2.2, 3.1, and 5.6%, and the corresponding elongations of the T6 heat-treated specimens were 4.6, 6.1, and 7.6%. The percentage of the reduced section area in the tensile specimens was also increased by the Sr and (Ti-B) additives. Sr and (Ti-B) additives changed the microstructure and the distribution of defects in the castings, resulting in an improvement of the tensile properties of AC4A aluminum alloys. According to our test results, recycled (35% scrap content) AC4A aluminum alloy met all of the KS requirements of the tensile strength and elongation values of AC4A aluminum alloy except for the elongation value of the one specimen condition, in this case the as-cast no-addition condition.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권5B호
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• pp.421-429
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 기존의 이더넷 브리지와 새로운 동기식 이더넷 포트가 장착된 브리지가 함께 구성된 망에서 각 브리지의 지원능력 별로 다중 트리를 구성하는 알고리듬을 소개하고 성능을 분석하였다. 기존 IEEE 802.1D 규격의 스패닝트리 알고리듬은 브리지의 지원능력을 고려하지 않고 단순히 브리지 식별자를 바탕으로 루트브리지를 선출하여 이를 중심으로 트리를 구성한다. 이는 기존의 이더넷 브리지와 동기식 이더넷 브리지가 함께 구성된 망에서 동기식 이더넷 브리지가 루트브리지로 선출될 경우, 한 수퍼 프레임 내에서 비동기 프레임 전송 구간의 길이가 최소 25%로 규정되어 있는 동기식 이더넷 브리지의 특성상, 비동기 트래픽에 대한 대역 제한으로 인해루트 브리지에서의 큰 지연이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 단순히 브리지 식별자로 단일 트리를 형성하는 기존 스패닝 트리 알고리듬과는 달리, 브리지의 지원 능력 별로 구분되는 2 개의 트리를구성하도록 하여 각 트래픽별 별개의 전송 경로를 제공함으로써 이와 같은 문제를해결하는 CAST 알고리듬을 제안하고 성능을 분석하였다. 모의실험 결과, 제안된CAST 알고리듬의 경우, 높은 트래픽 부하와 경유 브리지 수가 많을수록, 비동기 트래픽의 종단간지연시간이 짧아짐을 확인하였다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2003

In order to study the interfacial reaction between Nb thin sheet and Fe-C-(Si) alloy with different Chemical compositions, they were cast-bonded. The growth of carbide layer formed at the interface after isothermal heat treatment at 1173K, 1223K, 1273K and 1323K for various times was investigated. The carbide formed at the interface was NbC and the thickness of NbC layer was increased linearly in proportional to the heat treating time. Therefore, It was found that the growth of NbC layer was controlled by the interfacial reaction. The growth rate constant of NbC layer was slightly increased with increase of carbon content when the silicon content is similar in the cast irons. However, as silicon content increases with no great difference in carbon content, the growth of NbC layer was greatly retarded. The calculated activation energy for the growth of NbC layer was varied in the range of 447.4~549.3 kJ/moI with the compositions of cast irons.