• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.2
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• pp.179-192
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• 1998

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.8
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• pp.295-297
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• 2004

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.9
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• pp.1-17
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• 2005

The image that reflects the lapse of time can only take the form of segmentation originally. All of the fixation status in an image is shown to us as the form of division(segmentation) whether it is the form of two dimensional paintings or three dimensional sculptures, but not the form of video monitors. This kind of method was extremely developed in the cartoon field. Therefore, the cartoon evolves the subjects of events and finds the worth and meaning through the arrangement of cuts. Also, Animation inquires into the principles of attaching the media continuously. The media is represented in the segmentation according to the lapse of time and I tend to analyze the origination of cartoon formation. Consequently, I tired to find the examples of the prehistoric cuts and forms, the divisions of fragmented cartoon stripes, and the cuts and forms which are composed of narrative and descriptive styles of arrangement, and finally can certify and validate them. In summary, the sections and divisions of the variable kinds of cuts and frames for the expression of the time were corroborated. The potentials of the space usage and the diversity of the cartoon formation were also founded and illustrated to suggest the broader stands of cartoon.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.39-53
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• 2020

Purpose: With a rapid advance of communication technology, distributional systems of sport contents continue to show improvements. In particular, a traditional framework in creating sport cartoon has been influenced by the environment of the communication industry. Despite the development of distributional systems, the current sport cartoon industry still lacks in advancement. To this day, various research about sport contents have been conducted; yet, not many studies of the interaction between sport cartoons and communication technology have been done. In this respect, this study is to review the distributional environment of the sport cartoon industry and provide distributional strategies for developing sport cartoon industry. Research design, data, and methodology: In addition to in-depth interviews with five practitioners in sport cartoon industry, the study employed case study methodology. Interview data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: With new environments allowing anyone allowing to create and share webtoons, various genres including sports webtoons appear, and this became amotive to the growth of sports webtoons. Today, sports comics acted as a sports advertisement platform which not only created additional profit but also became an opportunity as a marketing method. On the contrary, the formal attributes of webtoons cause hardship in consistently creating sports webtoons. Hence, it is needed that supporting policies need to be established to nurture sport webtoon expertise. For example, Korea Creative Content Agency allows future webtoon authors to have an opportunity to be educated and equipped in producing creative sport webtoon contents. Moreover, revenue systems should be developed for motivating webtoon authors to involve in sport contents in their works. Conclusions: In order to promote the sports cartoon industry based on the findings, it is first necessary to create sports comics that reflect the formal characteristics of webtoons and the changing consumer environment. Second, it is important to acknowledge the industrial value of sports comics and it is necessary to promote policies regarding sports webtoon production and distribution from a national level. Third, by diversifying profits through OSMU and sports advertisements, it is possible to enhance the work environment and the treatment of authors. Implications and future directions were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.spc
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• pp.51-56
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• 2009

Numerous methods can be employed to teach students and farmers on soil science and fertilizer. The cartoon is one of the most effective teaching aids both for instructors and students. Instructor becomes a director of the cartoon to organize the framework of story based on the chapter of lecture. Director should adapt the regular sentence on soil science into the short and concise scenario suitable for the visual expression of the cartoon, followed by the selection of the scene for drawing. Next is to cast the instructor for the role of actor or sometimes supporter. After casting, the director starts to draw each cut of the cartoon in sequence. I published the cartoons in weekly serials in the farmer's newspaper for three years. Each cartoon was composed of eighteen cuts and formatted with the introductory, main and conclusive issues. Cartoon started with dialogues between the cast on subject to stimulate the interest by farmers, inserted the tables and graphs for the scientific knowledge and summarized the chapter. Major contents covered in the cartoons were glossary, nutrient uptake, pH, salt accumulation, moisture, pollution, chemical fertilizer, compost and other general aspects of soils. Cartoons had been very popular serial of the newspaper and are archived in the web for reviewing.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.465-475
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• 2007

With the spread of Internet, web users express their daily life by articles, pictures and cartons to recollect personal memory or to share their experience. For the easier recollection and sharing process, this paper proposes diverse cartoon generation methods using the landmark lists which represent the behavior and emotional status of the user. From the priority and causality of each landmark, critical landmark is selected for composing the cartoon scenario, which is revised by story ontology. Using similarity between cartoon images and each landmark in the revised scenario, suitable cartoon cut for each landmark is composed. To make cartoon story more diverse, weather, nightscape, supporting character, exaggeration and animation effects are additionally applied. Through example scenarios and usability tests, the diversity of the generated cartoon is verified.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.57-66
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• 2012

This paper to the scene to fit the fluid can be expressed as cartoon-style real-time method is proposed. As a matter of fact the fluid color in the simulation in which both reflection refraction and color tones are different in both cases. This paper light, water, terrain, time, etc. with cartoon-style representation of the fluid, adaptive way is proposed. Experimental implementation of the existing and proposed methods were compared with the results. This cartoon-style rendering of the existing research methods and the proposed method and at the same time using cartoon-style games that can be represented by the entire system could offer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.142-151
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• 2007

The rapid development of 3D computer graphics makes traditional cell-animations expressed by several digital techniques and makes traditional cell-animations expand their own area through several continuous tries. There are two types in rendering method. The one is Photorealistic rendering to realize accurate images like photos and the other is Non-photorealistic rendering to realize human's flair and artistry. This paper examines applications of cartoon rendering techniques among several Non-photorealistic rendering techniques. This paper analyzes production cases and examines features of cartoon rendering techniques in the latest movies, games and advertisements of image contents. And this paper will be able to help making more sensual, familiar and in-depth products, as understanding applications, merits and demerits of the latest cartoon rendering techniques through these investigations.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.522-526
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a system to convert a video motion into cartoon-style animation automatically. Our system is a new video cartoon stylization method that can apply natural transformation with satisfying physical constraints. It applies physically reasonable transformation to a selected video object with considering physical information such as momentum, movement direction and force. We construct several deformation scenarios which correspond with traditional animation techniques, then a scenario can be easily selected to apply the effects. Finally, this system gene-rates a dynamic cartoon-style video by timing control and a cartoon rendering technique.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.51
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• pp.181-201
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• 2018

The cartoon industry in Korea has continued to decline due to the contraction of published comics market and decrease in the number of comic books rental stores until the 2000s when it rapidly started to experience qualitative changes and quantitative growth due to the emergence of webtoon. The market size of webtoon industry, valued at 420 billion won in 2015, is expected to grow to 880.5 billion won by 2018. Notably, most cartoonists who draw cartoon strips are using digital devices and producing scripts in data, thereby overcoming the geographical, spatial and physical limitation of contents. As a result, a favorable environment for the creation of local ecosystems is generated. While the infrastructures of human resources are steadily growing by region, cartoon industries that are supported by the government policy have shown good performance combined with factors of creative infrastructures in local areas such as webtoon experience centers, webtoon campuses and webtoon creation centers, etc. Nevertheless, it is true that cartoon infrastructures are substantially based on a capital area which leads to an imbalanced structure of cartoon industry. To see the statistics, companies of offline cartoon business in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province make up 87%, except for distribution industry. In addition, companies of online cartoon business which are situated outside of Seoul and Gyeonggi Province form merely 7.5%. Studies and research on local webtoon are inadequate. The existing studies on local webtoon usually focus on its industrial and economic values, mentioning the word "local" only sometimes. Therefore, this study looked into the current status of local webtoon of the present time for the current state of local cartoon ecosystem, middle and long-term support from the government, and an alternative in the future. Main challenges include the expansion of opportunities to enjoy cartoon cultures, the independence of cartoon infrastructure, and the settlement of regionally specialized cartoon cultures. It means that, in order to enable the cartoon ecosystem to settle down in local areas, it is vital to utilize and link basic infrastructures. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider independence and autonomy beyond the limited support by the government. Finally, webtoon should be designated as a culture, which can be a new direction of the development of local webtoon. Furthermore, desirable models should be continuously researched and studied, which are suitable for each region and connect them with regional tourism, culture and art industry. It will allow the webtoon industry to soft land in the industry. Local webtoon, which is a growth engine of regions and main contents of the fourth industrial revolution, is expected to be a momentum for the decentralization of power and reindustrialization of regions.