• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2000

Background: Intrathecal injection of morphine is widely used in the management of postoperative pain because it provides long-lasting analgesia. Intramuscular caroverine and tiaprofenate are used to produce postoperative pain relief. This study was designed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and quality of sleep achieved with intrathecal morphine and those of intramuscular caroverine and tiaprofenate in transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Methods: Forty patients undergoing elective TURP were randomly allocated into 2 groups as follows: Group M (n=20); 0.25 mg of morphine hydrochloride mixed in 7.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was administered at the time of induction of spinal anesthesia. Group S (n=20); 7.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was administered intrathecally and caroverine and tiaprofenate intramuscularly at every 8 hr and 12hr postoperatively for management of postoperative pain. We evaluated the analgesic efficacy with visual analog scale (VAS), quality of sleep, and side effects. Results: VAS at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation were significantly less (p<0.01) in the group M than in the group S. Group M was superior to group S with respect to quality of sleep (p<0.01). In the group M, the incidence of nausea was 30% (6/20) and that of pruritus was 35% (7/20) and clinical respiratory depression did not occur. Conclusions: Intrathecal 0.25 mg morphine provides good postoperative analgesic effect. but intramuscular caroverine and tiaprofenate does not.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1998

The solubility and physicochemical stability of caroverine hydrochloride (CRV), an antispasmodic, in buffered aqueous solutions were studied using a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The solubilty of the drug at pH 2.76-5.40 was similar at the range 31.9-36.2 mg/ml $(34^{circ}C)$, but, at the pH higher than 6.0, markedly decreased. The use of polyethylene glycol 400 as a cosolvent did not increase the solubility at any compositions examined. Moreover. increasing molar concentration of aqueous phosphate buffer from 0 to 0.5 M remarkably decreased the solubility. The degradation of CRY followed the apparent first-order kinetics. The degradation was accelerated with decreasing pH and increasing storage temperature. The half-lives for the degradation of CRY (1.0 mg/ml) at pH 1.28. 4.01 and 5.93 $(45^{\circ}C)$ were 2.8, 31.4 and 124 hr. respectively. The pHs of incubated solutions were to some extent lowered perhaps due to the formation of acidic degradation products. The addition of disodium edetate (0.01%) to the CRY solution (pH 4.95) retarded 2.5 times the degradation rate at $45^{\circ}C$, but the use of sodium bisulfite (0.1%) accelerated 2.9 times the rate. The activation energy for the CRY solution (20 mg/ml. pH 5.4) containing 0.01% EDTA was calculated to be 5.98 kcal/mole. When the solution was stored under nitrogen displacement in ampoule, there was no significant degradation even after 3 months at $40^{\circ}C$, indicating that protection from oxidation by air (oxygen) is essential for the complete stabilization of CRY solution.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.216.3-217
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• 2002

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 1985

대구 및 그 인접지역의 질병 발생 경향을 추정하고, 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원의 약제수급 계획을 위한 참고자료를 얻기 위하여, 1985년 3월부터 동년 8월까지 당 병원 외래에 내원한 환자들을 위하여 내려진 약물 처방을 전산 집계하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 가장 빈번히 처방된 약물로 부터 100종의 약물을 처방빈도 순으로 나열하였던 바, diazepam, aluminum compound, acetaminophen, isoniazid, metoclopramide, $polaranine^{(R)}$, carboxymethylcystein, ephedrine, codeine, caroverine (이하생략) 등의 순으로 나타났으며, 이와 같이 선정된 100종의 약물을 임상용도별로 분류하여 총 처방회수 521,855회에 대한 백분율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 중추신경계약물 (20.57%)이 가장 많았고, 다음은 위장관 및 평활근에 작용하는 약물 (18.64%), 호흡기계약물 (16.11%), 항균제 (15.12%), 심혈관 계약물 (5.64%)의 순으로 많았으며, 그 다음은 소염제 (4.33%), 단독비타민제 (3.76%), 호르몬 및 항호르몬제 (3.29%), 감기치료제 (3.12%), 이뇨제 (2.81%), 간기능이상치료제 (2.02%), 자율신경계약물 (1.89%), 항히스타민제 (1.02%) 및 소독약 (0.74%) 등의 순으로 나타났다.