• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2010

"The prohibition of careless or reckless flight" is the regulation specified not only in the national air law but ICAO ANNEX and FAR. This article(item) has not been categorized properly unlike other items and the question such as why this is described as a fundamental and essential act can be answered only by the party subjected to administrative measures in case of Korea and this kind of violation is so rare that it is not easy to understand the legal meaning and the function of the term, "The prohibition of careless or reckless flight" In case of U.S where aviation cases are common, the distinction between the term "careless" or "reckless" operation depends on whether to recognize the given situation. Some incidents happened by failing to aware NOTAM, violating ATC, or T/W landing where a pilot did not recognize the violation itself are considered to be "Careless" flight. Others such as low altitude high speed flight, approximate flight, Rejecting ATC instruction where a pilot intends to or is remiss in safety are regarded as "Reckless" flight. For pilots who are required to take the highest level of care from preparing for flight to stopping engines or completely disembarking passengers from a plane, the clear understanding of the most basic concept of "careless" or "reckless" flight should be emphasized for the safe flight and it is the time for the authorities to set a standard for proper measures by definite legal interpretations.

• 복식
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.32-44
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the cognitive responses and the corresponding behavior responses of consumers who have experiences in not being able to buy a product in an online shopping mall due to it being sold-out. Responses were gathered from 526 consumers between the ages of 20 to 40 years residing in a metropolitan area. Each person surveyed had experienced a situation in which a product that they wanted to purchase from an online shopping mall was sold-out. SPSS 18.0 was used to perform frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and regression analysis. The first set of results of this study showed positive responses of quality, discernment, scarcity, but also negative cognitive responses of careless management, manipulation of shopping mall management, and common taste. In negative cognitive responses, sold-out situations caused consumers inconvenience. The second set of results revealed that quality, discernment, and careless management had a significant effect on product replacement (Substitute, S); likewise, factors such as quality, discernment, careless management, manipulation by shopping mall designers, and common taste had a significant effect on the delay of purchasing decisions (Delay, D). Scarcity, careless management, manipulation by shopping mall designers, and common taste also demonstrated significant influence on the incomplete leaving of stores (Incomplete Leave, L1), while discernment, scarcity, careless management, manipulation by shopping mall designers, and common taste had a significant influence on the complete leaving of stores (Complete Leave, L2). Previous studies have examined the behavioral response topics of substitute, delay, and leave. These study results suggest that product sellouts at online shopping malls did not have a solely negative effect on consumers. It actually had a positive effect in terms of discernment, scarcity, and the perception of quality of sold-out products. Furthermore, both positive and negative cognitive responses had various effects on behavioral responses.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2012

It is commonly recognized that railway is one of the representative transportation and it offers public service based on strategies for being rapid, automation, safety. Since the opening of high speed railway, 3-hundred-million people have used it and acknowledged its efficiency. However, derailed accident at Kwangmyeong station in February, 2011, frequent malfunction of KTX-Sancheon, and accidents by engineer's careless fault damaged on credibility of safety, Especially, spreaded accidents through social networking service by cell phones amplified anxiety of public, being criticized by the press. This study analyzed statistics of past accident and cases of passing-by accident, and surveyed 152 KTX captain engineers about their recognition of the accident by careless fault and experiences of possibility of occurrence for preventing engineer's careless fault and restoring trust According to the analysis, engineers worry about responsibility and disadvantages related to the accidents for the most, and they are nervous about malfunction for the second most. This study presents prevention methods regarding the result. First, it is required to improve mental stability and concentration on their work, secondly, advanced ability to cope with malfunction or error through repetitive education and training are required to increase confidence, and for the last, improvement of operational supporting system such as ATP, GPS to prevent errors by human factors. Improvement of the system is expected to lead engineers to prevent careless fault and regain the reputation of railway.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Purpose: As a modern distribution channel, the growth of e-commerce has brought more competitive pressures on e-marketplace, making trust and loyalty become top priority. As one of many sources of trust and loyalty issues, understanding the effect of careless marketing communications on consumers' perception is critical. This study examines the effect of careless marketing communications (e.g. misspellings, incomplete information) in website on consumers' trust toward and confidence in purchasing a product from an e-commerce. Research design and methodology: An experimental research design (with two experimental studies) was used in to test the hypotheses. Study 1 employs a single-factor design and study 2 employs a 2x2, full-factorial, between-subjects design. Results: Results of the two experimental studies (Study 1, n = 60; Study 2, n = 140) demonstrate that simple mistakes significantly decrease consumers' trust toward an e-commerce and their confidence to purchase from the e-commerce. The effect is found to be significant in the case of high-involvement products; whereas no effect is found in low-involvement products. Conclusions: E-commerce relies heavily on carefully crafted marketing communications to establish consumers' trust and confidence. These studies confirm the equal importance of distribution and communication in maintaining consumers' trust and sustainability of the business.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to help male-clothing companies in investigating male shopping orientation and information source with clothing benefits. As for the method of the research, 428 male consumers were the object for the data of this research. The major results of this study are as follows : 1. The dimensions of clothing benefits were composed of the better appearances, the social status, the personality and the comfort. The dimensions of shopping orientation were composed of pleasant, planned, loyal and individual shopping orientations. 2. The consumer with clothing benefits were classified three groups: better appearances, comfort and careless. In the consumer's classified shopping orientation the group of pursuing personality and better appearances were given higher score at each level, while careless group was given the lowest score at each level of shopping orientation. 3. In case of using information source with classified consumers, the group of personality and better appearances got information through the marketer-oriented information source and neutral information source, the group of pursuing comfort got lots of information through human information source, the group seldom used all information source.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.303-307
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• 1990

1986년부터 1988년까지 3년 동안 우리나라 주변 해역에서 발생한 1680건의 해난사고를 주성분분석법에 의한 전산프로그램을 작성하여 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 해난사고의 주된 원인은 운항부주의, 기관 정비불량 등 인적요인에 있으며, 사고유형으로서는 기관고장이, 선종으로서는 어선이 특히 해난사고의 큰 비중을 차지한다. 2. 어선, 관공선의 경우에는 기관고장이나 추진기장애 등이 경미한 해난사고가 많은 경향인데 비해 화물선, 여객선, 유조선의 경우에는 좌초, 충돌, 전복, 침수 등 재산과 인명의 피해가 큰 대형해난사고가 많은 경향이다. 3. 대형해난사고 중 좌초, 충돌, 전복 등은 그 주된 원인이 운항부주의에 있고, 침수의 경우는 재질구조결함에 기인하는 바가 크다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2004년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.36-41
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• 2004

Postharvest handling of sweetpotatoes is inevitable procedure for the maintenance, storage, management and utilization of high fresh quality of storage roots. It ranges in degree from simple lifting of roots, carrying them from field to storage house and immediate consumption after cooking, to sophisticated methods of curing, and storage under controlled conditions followed by processing into a high quality food products. Postharvest saleability, quality and nutritional value of roots and the presence or absence in roots of bitter, toxic furanoterpenoid phytoalexins or mycotoxins depends greatly on the degree and types of treatment to which produce is subjected. Climatic and soil conditions before harvest and contamination or attack by microorganisms or insect pests in the field may initiate or enhance subsequent postharvest deterioration. Careless postharvest handling can lead to both quantitative and qualitative losses which may be extremely high in some circumstances. Research has concentrated on the improvement of preharvest conditions to increase yield and lower decrease rates. However, such efforts are wasted unless they go hand in hand with others designed to reduce the high degree of loss associated with careless postharvest handling.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 1978

This study was carried out through the survey questionaries in order to get the information for proper operating technique of the two-wheel tractors which are widely used in the farm, and investigated various accidents which occurred during the operation of two-wheel tractors for farm works in 7 Provinces of Korea. The summarized results are as follows ; 1. Annual accident frequency of the two-wheel tractor was 2.07 times, and the average rate of accident was 0.72 times per hour. Its value was the largest in the pre-operations , and the smallest in the threshing operation. 2. The accident distribution according to each month was nearly propertional to the operating hours of the two-wheel tractor. More than 60 % of total accident was concentrated during the rice transplanting and harvesting season. 3. The careless accident was more than 50% of total accident , and inevitable accident about 18% . The rate of careless accident showed the highest in pre-operation such as engine starting, check, and adjustment, and belt change. 4. The serious wounded operator was 7.1 % to total wounded operator , and about 50 % of accident of casualties to operators occurred during haruling operations. 5. The amount of casualties to property was range of 1,000 to 10,000 won, and annual total amount per unit tractor could be estimated to be 10 , 000 won.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2018

플랜트 내 위험지역의 안전을 위해 작업자 중심의 안전관리가 필요하다. 최근 5년간 가스 사고의 원인은 시설 노후 및 장비고장 뿐만 아니라, 사용자의 취급부주의나 고의사고, 공급자 취급부주의 등 작업자의 행동에 밀접한 관련이 있다. 이와 같은 사고를 미연에 방지하기 위해서, 플랜트 내 위험지역에 대한 실시간 모니터링이 필요로 하다. 하지만 실시간 모니터링을 위해서 작업(근로)공간에 카메라 설치 시, 인권침해와 같은 문제가 발생한다. 이를 방지하기 위해서 작업자의 신원 노출이 적은 저해상도의 Infrared 카메라를 이용한다. 또한 실시간 모니터링 시, 사람이 아닌 CNN알고리즘을 이용하여 이미지 분석을 통하여 인권침해 문제를 예방한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.199-219
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• 1993

This paper analyzes how a social status is symbolized by clothing in Charles Dickens' novel 「The Tale of Two Cities」. The result shows that clothing symbols of he upper class people are splendid, perfect, good material, beautiful, younger looking, and fashionable. Meanwhile, those on the middle class people are neat, unpretentious, simple, practical, following fashion, and graceful. Finally, those on the lower class people are unfitted, disordered, careless, worn and shabby, unclean, disharmonious, coarse, and uniform.