• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for approximately 30% of all deaths worldwide and its prevalence is constantly increasing despite advancements in medical treatments. Cardiac remodeling and dysfunction are independent risk factors for CVD. Recent studies have demonstrated that cardiac structure and function are genetically influenced, suggesting that understanding the genetic basis for cardiac structure and function could provide new insights into developing novel therapeutic targets for CVD. Regular exercise has long been considered a robust nontherapeutic method of treating or preventing CVD. However, recent studies also indicate that there is inter-individual variation in response to exercise. Nevertheless, the genetic basis for cardiac structure and function as well as their responses to exercise training have yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this review summarizes accumulated evidence supporting the genetic contribution to these traits, including findings from population-based studies and unbiased large genomic-scale studies in humans.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.496-502
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the association between the dietary intake of fish and shellfish, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in the middle-aged Korean female patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed with 356 female patients (means age: 55.5 years), who were recruited from the Huh's Diabetes Clinic in Seoul, Korea between 2005 and 2011. The dietary intake was assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis program (CAN-Pro) version 4.0 software. RESULTS: In a multiple regression analysis after the adjustment for confounding factors such as age, BMI, duration of diagnosed T2D, alcohol consumption, fiber intake, sodium intake, and total energy intake, fish and shellfish intake of the subjects was negatively associated with triglyceride and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Omega-3 PUFAs intake was negatively associated with triglyceride, systolic blood pressures, diastolic blood pressures, and PWV. The multiple logistic regression analysis with the covariates showed a significant inverse relationship between the omega-3 PUFAs consumption and prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia [OR (95% CI) for greater than the median compared to less than the median: 0.395 (0.207-0.753)]. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the consumption of fish and shellfish, good sources of omega-3 PUFAs, may reduce the risk factors for CVD in the middle-aged female patients with T2D.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2011

Exaggerated blood pressure response during exercise has been found to increase the risk of future hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, cerebrovascular stroke, and CVD (cardiovascular disease) death. The aim of this study was to evaluate exercise capacity, cardiovascular factors in exaggerated blood pressure response during treadmill exercise testing. For research subjects, 72 subjects (normal blood response: 49 subjects, exaggerated blood response: 23 subjects) who received treadmill exercise test at J General Hospital were selected in this study. Exaggerated SBP (systolic blood pressure) response was defined as an SBP of 210 mmHg or greater during a maximal treadmill exercise test. The group with an exaggerated SBP response showed significantly higher values for RPP (rate pressure product) compared with the group with a normal SBP response. Subjects with METs (metabolic equivalents) had lower exaggerated SBP response than normal SBP response group. Subjects with recovery SBP had delayed exaggerated SBP response than normal SBP response group. Exaggerated SBP response to exercise is negative correlation with METs.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.644-654
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although preclinical studies suggest that garlic has potential preventive effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, clinical trials and reports from systematic reviews or meta-analyses present inconsistent results. The contradiction might be attributed to variations in the manufacturing process that can markedly influence the composition of garlic products. To investigate this issue further, we performed a meta-analysis of the effects of garlic powder on CVD risk factors. MATERIALS/METHODS: We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct and EMBASE through May 2014. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on 22 trials reporting total cholesterol (TC), 17 trials reporting LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), 18 trials reporting HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), 4 trials reporting fasting blood glucose (FBG), 9 trials reporting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 10 trials reporting diastolic blood pressure (DBP). RESULTS: The overall garlic powder intake significantly reduced blood TC and LDL-C by -0.41 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.69, -0.12) (-15.83 mg/dL [95% CI, -26.64, -4.63]) and -0.21 mmol/L (95% CI, -0.40, -0.03) (-8.11 mg/dL [95% CI, -15.44, -1.16]), respectively. The mean difference in the reduction of FBG levels was -0.96 mmol/L (95% CI, -1.91, -0.01) (-17.30 mg/dL [95% CI, -34.41, -0.18]). Evidence for SBP and DBP reduction in the garlic supplementation group was also demonstrated by decreases of -4.34 mmHg (95% CI, -8.38, -0.29) and -2.36 mmHg (95% CI, -4.56, -0.15), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis provides consistent evidence that garlic powder intake reduces the CVD risk factors of TC, LDL-C, FBG and BP.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.499-518
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• 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, and hypertension, are the global leading causes of death, accounting for more than 30% of deaths worldwide. Although the risk factors of CVDs have been well understood and various treatment and preventive measures have been established, the mortality rate and the financial burden of CVDs are expected to grow exponentially over time due to the changes in lifestyles and increasing life expectancies of the present generation. Recent advancements in metagenomics and metabolomics analysis have identified gut microbiome and its associated metabolites as potential risk factors for CVDs, suggesting the possibility of developing more effective novel therapeutic strategies against CVD. In addition, increasing evidence has demonstrated the alterations in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the imbalance of microbial-dependent metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CVD. However, the exact mechanism of action remains undefined to this day. In this review, we focus on the compositional changes in the gut microbiome and its related metabolites in various CVDs. Moreover, the potential treatment and preventive strategies targeting the gut microbiome and its metabolites are discussed.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.4.1-4.11
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• 2023

Background: Shift work has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on several evidences. The classic risk factors of CVD include age, hypertension, smoking, obesity and diabetes. Recently, the serum homocysteine level has been reported to be a valuable indicator of CVD risk. This study aimed to determine the variation in serum homocysteine level as a cardiovascular risk indicator among female workers according to shift work. Methods: The data of regular health examination of workers at an electronic manufacturing services company in Yeongnam region, South Korea in 2019 were examined in this study. The investigation was based on a cross-sectional study conducted on 697 female workers (199 day workers and 498 shift workers). The sociodemographic and biochemical characteristics were compared between day workers and shift workers. Through a logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of the increased serum homocysteine level in relation to shift work was determined. Results: Compared to female day workers, female shift workers showed significantly higher level of serum homocysteine (8.85 ± 2.16 vs. 9.42 ± 2.04 μmol/mL; p = 0.001). The OR of day workers against shift workers was 1.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-2.63). With the adjustment of variables that may influence the level of serum homocysteine, the adjusted OR was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.09-2.60). Conclusions: The serum homocysteine level was significantly higher in shift workers than in day workers. It is thus likely to be a useful predictor of CVD in shift workers.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

Early age at menarche, which is indicator of early biological maturity, has been shown to be associated with increased adult body mass index. Early menarche has also been associated with many cardiovascular disease risk factors and metabolic syndrome. To evaluate the impact of menarche to cardiovascular risk factor, we assessed by age at menarche, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), which represents arterial stiffness, in women with or without metabolic syndrome. The subjects recruited for this study were three hundred one women. Relatively early menarche and relatively late menarche were classified according to less than $50^{th}$ percentile for relatively early menarche, and great than the $50^{th}$ percentile for relatively late menarche. Subject were divided four group, 1) women who had not adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively early menarche, 2) women who had not adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively late menarche, 3) women who had adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively early menarche, 4) women who had adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively late menarche. Women who had a relatively early menarche with adulthood metabolic syndrome had significantly high levels of blood pressure, triglyceride, fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels than women with late menarche with adulthood metabolic syndrome, and had significantly lower HDL-cholesterol levels. And also, women who underwent a relatively early menarche with metabolic syndrome had highest level of baPWV in adult. In this study we found effect of age at menarche on adulthood metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (e.g., baPWV, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia) in Korean women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.236-246
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• 2014

호두의 혈중 지질 수준 및 혈관 건강 개선 기능성을 평가하기 위하여 메타 분석을 실시하였다. 2014년 7월 9일 기준으로 DB 검색을 통해 426건의 자료를 수집하여, 선정/제외 기준에 따라 선별한 결과 총 19건 (n = 1,040)의 연구가 분석에 포함되었다. 호두를 일상 식사에서 일부 지방 급원 또는 열량을 대체하여 섭취하였을 때, 총 콜레스테롤, 저밀도 콜레스테롤, 중성지방 수준 및 혈류 매개 혈관 확장능을 각각 -0.124 mmol/l, -0.085 mmol/l, -0.080 mmol/l, +1.313 % 수준으로 대조군 대비 유의하게 개선시키는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 2018

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and their coexistence is known as overlap syndrome (OS). Endothelial dysfunction is the initial stage of CVD; however, underlying mechanisms linking OS and CVD are not well understood. The aim of this study was to explore whether OS can lead to more severe inflammation and endothelial apoptosis by promoting endothelial dysfunction, and to assess the intervention effects of antioxidant tempol. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=66) were exposed to normal oxygen [normal control (NC) group], intermittent hypoxia (IH group), cigarette smoke (CH group), as well as cigarette smoke and IH (OS group). Tempol intervention was assessed in OS group treated with tempol (OST group) or NaCl (OSN group). After an 8-week challenge, lung tissues, serum, and fresh blood were harvested for analysis of endothelial markers and apoptosis. Results: The levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, and apoptosis in circulating epithelial cells were the highest in OS group and the lowest in NC group. These levels were all greater in IH group than in CH group, and were lower in OST group than in OS and OSN groups (all p<0.001). Conclusion: Synergistic effects of IH with cigarette smoke-induced emphysema produce a greater inflammatory status and endothelial apoptosis. OS-related inflammation and endothelial cell apoptosis may play important roles in promoting cardiovascular dysfunction, and antioxidant tempol could achieve a partial protective effect.

• 한국노년학
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.355-369
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• 2011

본 연구는 장기간의 복합운동이 골다공증 노인의 신체부위별 골밀도와 심혈관질환 위험요인에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 규명함으로써 골다공증 노인의 골밀도 개선과 심혈관질환을 예방하기 위한 운동 지침을 제공하고자 실시하였다. 연구의 대상자는 서울 S·K타워 실버타운에 입주하여 거주하는 골다공증 노인 여성 31명으로 규칙적인 복합운동군(n=16)과 통제군(n=15)으로 무선배정 하였다. 복합운동프로그램으로 동적 및 정적 스트레칭으로 이루어진 준비운동과 정리운동을 각각 10분씩 실시하고, 본 운동에서 유산소운동으로 자전거와 트레드밀을 이용하여 30~45분(예비 심박수; HRR 40%~60%) 동안 실시하였으며, 무산소운동으로는 대근육 단련을 위한 7가지 웨이트트레이닝(1RM * 50-70%; 8-10회 * 2세트 ~ 10-15회 * 1세트)을 주당 5일 1년간 시행하였다. 통제군은 실험이 진행되는 기간 동안 S·K타워에서 규칙적인 운동 및 신체활동에 참여하지 않고 TV 시청이나 회원과의 담소를 나누는 정도의 좌업생활을 하였다. 또한 이들은 실험 전, 중, 후에 신체 부위별 골밀도(상지, 하지, 골반, 척추, 체간 및 T-score)와 심혈관질환 위험요인(혈압, 혈중지질)을 측정하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 신체 부위별 골밀도에서는 골반, 척추, 체간 및 T-score에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 둘째, 심혈관질환 위험요인 중 혈압(SBP, DBP)에서도 유의한 차이를 나타내었으며, 혈중지질의 변인 중 TC, TG, LDL-C 및 HDL-C에서도 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 장기간 실시하는 복합운동은 골다공증 노인에게 있어 골반, 척추, 체간의 골밀도 및 T-score 개선과 함께 심혈관 질환 위험요인을 감소시킴에 따라 심혈관 질환으로 인한 사망률과 골절의 위험성을 감소시키고, 삶의 질을 향상 시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이에 향후 연구에서는 골다공증과 만성질환의 다각적인 연구를 통하여 만성질환으로 인한 조기 사망률 감소와 삶의 질 향상을 위한 프로그램 개발이 논의 되어야 할 것이다.