• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

Objectives: This was a double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study for evaluation of safety and effective dose finding of Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ in patients with chest pain and discomfort. Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ are composed of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (丹蔘), Notoginseng Radix (三七根) and Borneolum (龍腦). Major effects of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix and Notoginseng Radix are vasodilatation, sedation and analgesic action. Borneolum has an antibacterial effect, and can stimulate the central nervous system. All of these substances are oriental herbs that have been used for a long time in east Asia. Cardiotonic Pills fi received Investigational New Drug (IND) approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA and 40 million people in the world take this pill. We performed a phase IV clinical study to confirm its efficacy and safety in patients who have probable cardiogenic or psychogenic chest pain or chest stifling. Methods: This study was planned for a multi-center clinical trial including four university hospitals of oriental medicine in Korea. This was the first time to evaluate the 'planning treatment according to diagnosis (辨證施治)' of chest pain or chest discomfort according to oriental medical guidelines. The patients who were included in this trial were adult volunteers from 20 to 70 years old who had chest pain or chest discomfort more than twice during a recent month, and we received written consent to participate in this study from all of them. After administration of Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ for 8 weeks, number of occurrences, duration, appearance and degree of chest pain or chest discomfort was observed and degree of symptoms (severity of illness, global improvement) were measured using a patient's global assessment composite scale. Results: In the patient's global assessment scale, the severity of illness of the Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ group (n=25) was 14/25=0.56 but of the placebo group (n=25) was 7/25=0.28 (p-value=0.0449). This result indicates Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$have a positive effect on the symptoms of chest pain and discomfort. However, the global improvement of the Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$group was 23/25=0.92, and of the placebo group was 22/25=0.88 (p-value=0.6374). The total symptom score of the Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ group was $1.68\pm20.06$, and of the placebo group was $16.76\pm72.l4$(p-value=0.2285). The number of symptom events of the Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ group was $72\pm29.78$, and of the placebo group (n=25) was $10.80\pm38.42$ (p­value=0.3660). We could not find any effects on the other factors examined besides the severity of illness, beyond the difference of standard deviations. Conclusions: Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ significantly reduced chest pain and chest discomfort in patients. Therefore, we expect that Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ will be helpful for patients with chest pain and chest discomfort not only caused by heart disease but also by other diseases.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2016

본 연구의 최종 목표는 한방제제인 심적환과 심혈관계 양방 치료제인 cilostazol과 병용 투여 효과에 대한 포괄적이고 통합의학 측면에서 정확한 정보를 얻는 것이다. Cilostazol은 말초 동맥질환 치료제로 개발 된 항 혈소판 및 혈관확장제이다. 사이클릭 AMP protein kinase A를 활성 시켜 세포내 사이클릭 AMP (cAMP) 증가를 통하여 내피세포의 NO생산을 활성화 시킨다. 심적환을 단 회 또는 반복 투여 후 cilostazol의 약물 동태학적 효과를 평가하기 위하여 순수한 증류수 단회 용량과 증류수에 심적환 콜로이드 현탁액을 각각 대조군과 시험군에 투여 하여 30분 후, 두 그룹에 cilostazol를 투여하였다. 혈청은 cilostazol 약물 투여 30분 전에 수집 하였으며, cilostazol 약물 처리 후 0.25, 0.5, 0.45 및 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24시간 후에 각각 수집 하였다. 그 다음 실험군과 및 테스트 그룹 사이에 실로 스타 졸에서 관찰 된 약동학 적 변화를 평가 하였다. 통계적으로 유의 한 차이는 심적관 단독 투여와 반복투여군 그룹의 약물 동태 학에서 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과는 만성 질환 환자에서 한약제인 심적환의 투여는 cilostazol의 약동학에 영향을 미치지 않았음을 보여 주었다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 만성 혈관질환 환자에서 심적환과 cilostazol의 병용 투여를 제안하며 두 약물간의 잠재적 인 약물 상호 작용에 대한 cilostazol의 생체 이용률에 영향을 미치지 않을 것이라 판단된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2016

Objectives: The patients who had arteriosclerotic occlusive disease were treated by reperforating procedures or vessel replacing operations. We divided them by two groups. one(control group) is treated by Pletaal(cilostazole), the other(CP group) is by Pletaal with cardiotonic pills(CP). Methods : Control group was treated by Pletaal, CP group was treated by Pretaal with CP for 8 weeks. We primarily evaluated the outcomes by visual analogue scale(VAS) of pain, coldness, numbness, and edema, secondarily hematologic tests. Results : Coldness, numbness and edema were reduced at both groups. In CP group, the VAS dropped more sharply than control group, but not significant. Otherwise, there was significant reduction of VAS on pain. In hematologic tests, there were no abnormal results of all items. Conclusion : The therapy of Pletaal with CP is effective to relieve PRS specially in pain and safety on hematologic tests.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2008

Objectives : SimJeok-Hwan (CP, Cardiotonic Pills) is the traditional remedy to treat patients with coronary arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris and hyperlipidemia. This study was designed to investigate the effects of CP on changes in serum cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods : In this study, we investigated the effects of CP on changes in body weights, food and water uptake, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterols, HDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride in hyperlipidemic rats. Results : In our results, body weights of hyperlipidemic rats induced by high fat diet did not changed, and treatment with CP did not affect body weights in hyperlipidemic rats. For experimental period, food and water uptake in CP administered group were the same as those in hyperlipidemic control group. In this experiment, treatment with CP decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum which elevated by high fat diet respectively. Conclusions : These results suggest that CP is useful to treat patients with disease related to hyperlipidemia because CP can decrease cholesterol in serum

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.133-136
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• 1984

Higenamine (I), cardiotonic principle of Aconite root, was synthesized from 4-methoxy-phenylacetic acid (II) and .betha.-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl)-ethylamine (IV). Condensation of IV with 4-mehoxyphenylacetyl chloride (III) was followed by cyclodehydration yielding 1-(4'-methoxybenzyl)-6, 7- dimethoxy-3, 4-dihydroisoquinoline (VI). Reduction of VI to 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (VII) and subsequent demethylation provided desired product higenamine, 1-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)-6, 7- dihydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4, -tetrahydroisoquinoline.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.21.1-21.8
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• 2012

Heart disease that ultimately leads to heart failure (HF) has been the number one cause of death in the United States as well as in many other countries for over a century. Inotropic therapy utilizing cardiotonics to increase cardiac contractility remains a significant component of the management of HF. However, adverse effects of currently available cardiotonics have been compromising their therapeutic value and often lead to further myocardial dysfunction. Thus, discovery of safe cardiotonics remains a main challenge to improvement of inotropic therapy for HF. This review briefly summarized cellular mechanisms underlying the inotropic action of currently available cardiotonics, newly-developed carditonics and the bark of Terminalia arjuna (TA), a tropical tree used in ayurvedic medicine. The potential of TA bark as a new cardiotonic in inotropic treatment for HF was also discussed.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.281.2-281.2
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• 2002

Chan Su the dried toad venom. has been used in Asian countries as the traditional medicine for the purpose of the alleviation of pain, cardiotonic diuresis. hemostasis and et al.. However, Chan Su is the special attention-needed medication because it is known to contain the highly toxic compounds such as bufotenine, an hallucinogen and aphrodisiac, and a series of bufadienolides, cardiotonic steroids that produce physiological symptoms similar to digoxin. (omitted)

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2008

Objectives: SimJeok-Hwan(CP, Cardiotonic Pills) was made to treat patients with coronary arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris and hyperlipidemia. This study was designed to investigate the effects of CP on Proliferation rates neuroglia cells and protective effect of CP against oxidative stress, and also investigate the effects on regional Cerebral Blood Flow(rCBF) in normal rats. Methods: In this experiment, effects of CP on proliferation rates of neuroglia cells were measured using modified MTT methods. Oxidative stress was induced by treatment with 200 mM of hydrogen peroxide for 2 hr. rCBF and MABP were measured using Laser doppler flowmeter. Results: Treatment with CP elevated proliferation rates in C6 cells. In addition, CP protected cell death of C6 cells induced by oxidative stress. In results, rCBF was elevated by treatment with CP in normal rats. But, Mean Arterial Blood Pressure(MABP) did not affected by CP. In addition, the elevation of rCBF was blacked by pre-treatment with 1 mg/kg of indomethacin effectively. On the other hand, pre-treatment with 0.01 mg/kg of methylene blue did not affect rCBF level in normal rats. Conclusions: In conclusion, these results suggest that CP can act as anti-oxidant to protect neuroglia cells and also suggest that CP can elevate rCBF, which are involved in cyclooxygenase pathway.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

Objectives The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of Herbal medicine on post stroke cognitive deficit. Methods All groups were treated with acupunture treatment, moxa treatment, herbal medicines, physical and occupational therapy for 4 weeks, additionally cardiotonic pills(CP) were taken in the cardiotonic pills group. The effect of treatment was assessed using Verval fluency, MMSE-KC, Word List Immediate Recall test. Statistical significance was achived if the probability was less than 5%(p,0.05). Results Verval fluency, MMSE-KC, Word List Immediate Recall test scores increased in both group. MMSE-KC, Word List Immediate Recall test scores were significantly increased in the CP group. Verval fluency, MMSE-KC, Word List Immediate Recall test scores were significantly increased in the control group. In the Verval fluency, MMSE-KC, Word List Immediate Recall test of the CP group more increased compared to the control group. There were no significant differences between two groups. In the CP group, the scores of the infarction group more increased compared to the hemorrhage group. Conclusions According to the these results, herbal medicines are effective to improve post stroke cognitive-deficit. Futher studies are needed to know cardiotonic pills in the ischemic stroke.

• 셀메드
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.14.1-14.6
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• 2018

Santalum album Linn. [Family: Santalaceae] is commonly known as white sandalwood, sandal safaid and safed chandan. It is one of the most valuable trees and second costliest wood in the world. Sandalwood and its oil is extensively used in the Unani and other traditional systems of medicine as it has blood purifier, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, exhilarant, cardiotonic, antiseptic, nervine tonic and expectorant properties. It is used in skin, cardiac, liver, gastrointestinal, respiratory, integument and urogenital disorders. These uses are supported and proven by many in vitro or in vivo studies. The proven pharmacological activities of S. album are antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and anti-fatigue. The research has proven that sandal oil or its constituents have anti-microbial activity. Sandalwood oil showed skin cancer preventive effect in mice and its constituent alpha santalol showed the anticancer property. The methanolic extract of wood was confirmed for antioxidant, free radical scavenging, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ santalols present in sandal oil showed sedative effects. Sandalwood tea had a significant effect on heart muscles of frog and showed increased myocardial contractility. Its oil showed significant changes in hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Sandalwood oil and its major constituents showed less acute oral and dermal toxicity in laboratory animals. Hence, the aforementioned studies justify the uses of sandalwood and its oil mentioned in the classical Unani literature. However, further clinical trials are suggested to confirm its efficacy and safety in humans.