• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.174-185
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• 1980

It was my great nohour that I can be exposed to such plenty materials of the coronary bypass surgery. Here, I am summarizing the xoronary bypass surgery, clinically. The material is serial 101 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery between July 17, 1979 to November 30, 1979 in Shadyside Hospital, University of Pittsburgh. 1. Incidence of the Atherosclerosis is frequent in white, male, fiftieth who are living in industrialized country. It has been told the etiologic factor of the atherosclerosis is hereditary, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, drinking, diabetes, obesity, stress, etc. 2. The main and most frequent complication of the coronary atherosclerosis is angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is the chief cause of coronary bypass surgery and the other causes of coronary bypass surgery are obstruction of the left main coronary artery, unstable angina, papillary muscle disruption or malfunction and ventricular aneurysm complicated by coronary artery disease. 3. The preoperative clinical laboratory examination shows abnormal elevation of plasma lipid in 82 patint, plasma glucose in 40 patient, total CPK-MB in 24 patient stotal LDH in 22 patient out of 101 patient. 4. Abnormal ECG findings in preoperative examine were 29.1% myocardial infarction, 25.8% ischemia and injury, 14.6T conduction defect. 5. Also we had done Echocardiography, Tread Mill Test, Myocardial Scanning, Vectorcardiography and Lung function test to get adjunctive benefit in prediction of prognosis and accurate diagnosis. 6. The frequency of coronary atherosclerosis in main coronary arteries were LAD, RCA and Circumflex in that order. 7. The patients' main complaints which were became as etiologic factor undergoing coronary bypass surgery were angina, dyspnea, diaphoresis, dizziness, nausea and etc. 8. For the coronary bypass surgery, we used cardiopulmonary bypass machine, non-blood, diluting prime, cold cardioplegic solution and moderate cooling for the myocardial protection. 9. We got the grafted veins from Saphenous and Cephalic vein. Reversed and anastomosed between aorta and distal coronary A. using 5-0 and 7-0 prolene continuous suture. Occasionally we used internal mammary A. as an arterial blood source and anastomosed to the distal coronary A. and to side fashion. 10. The average cardiopulmonary bypass time for every graft was 43.9 min. and aortic clamp time was 23 minute. We could Rt. coronary A. bypass surgery only by stand by the cardiopulmonary machine and in the state of pumping heart. 11. Rates by the noumbers of graft were as follow : 21.8% single, 33.7% double, 26.7% triple, 13.9% quadruple, 3% quintuple and 1% was sixtuple graft. 12. combined procedures with coronary bypass surgery were 6% aneurysmectomy, 3% AVR, 1% MVR, 13% pacer implantation and 1% intraaortic ballon setting. 13. We could see the complete abolition of anginal pain after operation in 68% of patient, improvement 25.8%, no change in 3.1%, and there was unknown in 3%. 14. There were 4% immediate postoperative deaths, 13.5% some kinds of heart complication, 51.3% lung complications 33.3% pleural complications as prognosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1056-1062
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• 1998

Background: We prospectively investigated types, incidences, and risk factors for arrhythmias after open heart surgery in adults. Materials and methods: From June 1994 to May 1995, we performed 302 cases of adult cardiac surgery at our department. This study group consisted of 150 men and 152 women, with a mean age of 43.9±28.0(range 16 to 75)years. We included all the patients irrespective of their operative types or disease entities. Results: The overall incidence of arrhythmias after open heart surgery in adults was 58.3%. The incidence of postoperative arrhythmias for redo-valvular heart surgery was 77.8%, and those for simple valvular procedure, coronary artery bypass surgery, aortic surgery, and congenital heart disease were 70.8%, 45.3%, 40.0%, and 29.5%, respectively. Eight out of twelve risk factors showed statistical significance for the development of postoperative arrhythmias. They were preoperative history of arrhythmias, antiarrhythmic drug medication, previous cardiac surgery, larger left ventricular end-diastolic, end-systolic dimension, left atrial dimension on preoperative echocardiogram, longer cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross clamping time. Univariated analyses for age and types of cardioplegic solution did not show statistical significance. Conclusions: Prospective study on postoperative arrhythmias occurrence, treatment and prevention of is warrauted to draw more clear conclusion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 2001

배경: 지속적인 온혈 심성지액을 이용한 심금 보호술이 소개된 이수, 이를 토대로 많은 임상결과가 발표되고 있다. 그러나 지속적 심정지액 주입에 따른 적정한 수술시야 확보와 역행성 관류법에 따른 우심실 보호에 대한 문제들이 제기 되고 있다. 이에 Antonio 등은 포타슘만을 이용한 간헐적 온혈액 심정지술을 이용하여 만족할 만한 임상결과를 보고 하였다. 본 임상연구는 포타슘만을 이용한 간헐적 온혈액 심정지술을 이용하여, 개심술을 시행 받은 70례의 환잔의 임상결과를 분석하여 그 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 5월부터 1999년 1월까지 포타슘만을 이용한 간헐적 온혈액 심정지술을 이용하여 관상동맥 우회술 및 판막수술을 시행한 70명의 환자와 같은 기간 간헐적 냉혈액 심성지술을 이용하여 동일 술자에 의해 수술을 시행한 70명의 임상결과를 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 총 심폐기 사동 시간(98.7$\pm$6.0분, 114.3$\pm$7.5분, p=0.018),수술중 심정지를 위해 필요한 심정지액의 양(1463.0$\pm$68.0cc, 3584.0$\pm$179.0cc, p<0.001), 의식이 회복될 때까지의 시간(3.5$\pm$0.4시간, 4.9$\pm$0.8시간, p=0.044), 기관 삽관의 제거까지의 시간(10.8$\pm$0.8시간, 13.2$\pm$0.6시간, p=0.017), 부정액으로 리도케인(Lidocaine)의 도움이 필요한 경우(75.2$\pm$6.8mg, 114.5$\pm$7.2mg, p=0.006)등에 있어서는 포타슘만을 이용한 간헐적 온혈액 심정지술이 유의성의 있었고, 술수 심근효소의 상승, 사망률과 이환율에 있어서는 두군간의 유의성은 없었다. 결론: 관상동맥 우회술 및 판막수술에 있어 포타슘만을 이용한 간헐적 온혈액 심정지술은 적어도 간헐적 냉혈액 심정지술과 같은 정도의 심근 보호를 할 수 있었으며, 기존의 warm heart surgery의 장점인 심폐기 가동시간이 짧고, 의식회복이 빠른 점과 함께 용적과부학(volume loading)를 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있어 유용한 심근 보호술의 하나로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1342-1346
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• 1996

A right thoracotomy was used for the reoperation or mitral valve of 15 patients who had previously undergone a cardiac operation through a median sternotomy. In our experience. this approach provided dn excellent exposure of the nlitral valve and easy cannulations of both cavie with minimal dissection, ilvoiding any damage of cardiac and major vessels during re-sternotomy Arterial cannulation was performed in the ascending aorta in 13 patients And in the femoral artery in 2 patients. In earlier cases, venous cannulation was done in the SVC And IVC through the right atrium and snared. In later cases, this could be done without snaginly of both cavae or by placing a silgle light-angled catheter into the right atrium. Crystalloid cardioplegic solution was infused for myocardial protection. Hypothermia was controlled at 20\ulcorner$25^{\circ}C$. For defibrillation, internal paddles were used In one patient while sterilized external paddles were used in 10 patients. In the remaining four patients. however. the heart beat spontaneously The respirator could be weaned within 48 hours alter the operation and no pulmonary complication was observed. One out of the 15 patients expired due to sudden attack of ventricular tarchycardid developed ten days after the operation, but the rest of the patients were discharged with good condition.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.5 s.262
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• pp.366-375
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• 2006

Background: Hypomagnesemia is a common complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical beneficial effect of administration of magnesium sulfate in cardiac surgery. Material and Method: Thirty five patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to magnesium group (n=20) which received magnesium sulfate in priming solution (1 g) and cardioplegic solution (1 g) or control group (n=15) which did not receive it. Arterial blood samples were drawn for measuring $Mg^{++}$ and electrolytes contents, blood gas analysis, CBC, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ $(TNF-{\alpha})$, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), creatine phosphokinase (CpK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), troponin-1 (TNI), prothrombin time (PT) and activated pratial thromboplastin time level (aPTT). Venous blood samples were drawn before and after the operation for measuring activated clotting time level (ACT). Result: $Mg^{++}$ levels in magensium group were higher than those of control group at intraoperative and post-operative periods (p<0.05). dysrhythmias were lower in magnesium group (8 cases out of 17 patients, 46.4%) than in control group (10 cases out of 10, 100%, p=0.050). Conclusion: These results showed that administration of low dose magnesium sulfate during cardiac surgery prevented hypomagnesemia and lowered incidence of dysrhythmia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2004

Background: The aims of this study are to verify the result of the surgical treatment of ALCAPA and to identify the postoperative changes of left ventricular dimensions and mitral regurgitation (MR), Material and Method: Fifteen patients operated on since 1985 were included in the study. The patients operated on before 1998 (n=9) showed heterogeneous properties with various surgical strategies and cardiopulmonary bypass techniques. However, six patients were operated on with the established surgical strategy since 1998; 1) Dual perfusion and dual cardioplegic solution delivery through ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery, 2) Coronary transfer by rolled-conduit made of pulmonary artery wall flap, and 3) Additional mitral valvular procedure was not peformed. Result: Median age of the study group was 6 months (1 month to 34 years). The operative methods were left subclavian artery to left coronary artery anastomosis in 1, simple ligation in 2, Takeuchi operation in 2, and coronary reimplantation in 10 patients. The mean follow up period was 5.5<5.8 years (2 months 14 years), There were one early death (6.7%) and one late death. Overall 5-year survival rate was 85.6$\pm$9.6%. The Z-value of left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions were 6.4$\pm$3.0 and 5.1 $\pm$3.6 preoperatively, and decreased to 1.7$\pm$ 1.9 and 0.8$\pm$ 1.6 in 3 months (p<0.05). Significant preoperative MR was identified in 6 patients (40%) and all the patients showed immediate improvement of MR within f month postoperatively. There were 3 cases of reoperation due to coronary anastomosis site stenosis and recurrence of MR. However, there was no mortality nor late reoperation in the patients operated on after 1998. Conclusion: The surgical treatment of ALCAPA showed favorable survival and early recovery of ventricular dimensions and mitral valvular function. Although long-term reintervention was required in some cases of earlier period, all the cases after 1998 showed excellent surgical outcome without long-term problem.