• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2009

The effects of 0.1g/dl nonionic surfactant solutions on liquid wetting and retention properties of wool fabric are reported. The 10 different nonionic surfactants (Span 20, Tween 20, 40, 60, 80, 21, 61, 81, 65, 85), wool cloth (EMPA 217), and wool soiled cloth (EMPA 107) are used in the study. Both EMPA 217 and 107 have water contact angle($\Theta$)>$90^{\circ}$, which indicates that water spreading over a fabric surface and penetration into the fabric rarely occur. However, EMPA 217 and 107 are easily wetted with perchloroethylene(PCE) having very low values of $\Theta$'s and high values of liquid retention. Water wetting properties are greatly improved by adding nonionic surfactants into the system. Generally, hydrophilic surfactants which have low number of carbon atoms or unsaturated hydrophobic structures are effective in improving water wetting of wool fabrics. The water retention of EMPA 217 and 107 in surfactant solutions have positive relations with $cos{\Theta}$, adhesion tension, and work of adhesion. 40.3% pore volume of EMPA 217 and 26.1% pore volume of EMPA 217 can be filled with water even when we assume $cos{\Theta}=1$ (${\Theta}=0^{\circ}$).

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.45-61
• /
• 2015

In order to analysis on color difference of natural dyes, I have dyed Hanji, cotton, silk fabric and exposed them to carbon arc light. The results of experiment have been analysed by wavelength of maximum absorption, amounts of dye uptake, color difference, Hunter's value and Munsell's value. Gardenia Jasminoides is monogenetic dye, but it gained darker color by pre-mordanting method used Al mordant agent and greenish yellow color by Fe mordant agent. whereas Curcuma, an Amur cork, and bud of pagoda tree are shown as greenish yellow color, and A barberry root, Betel nut, and Rhubarb are shown as reddish yellow color. these gained khaki colored dyed fabric by Fe mordanting. In addition, Sappan wood showed great result in pre-mordanting. Especially, it gained dark red color by Al pre-mordanting. The pink color was shown by post-mordanting. and Logwood showed great dyeing result in Hanji and cotton better than silk. Specially pre-mordanting was effective. Hanji and cotton showed greenish blue color by Al pre-mordanting, and silk showed brown color.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2016

In order to analysis on color difference of natural dyes, I have dyed Hanji, cotton, silk fabric and exposed them to carbon arc light. The results of experiment have been analysed by Munsell's value, and compared the difference of colors which were recognized visually. Gardenia Jasminoides is monogenetic dye, but it gained darker color by pre-mordanting method used aluminum mordant agent and greenish yellow color by ferric mordant agent. whereas Curcuma, an Amur cork, and bud of pagoda tree are shown as greenish yellow color, and A barberry root, Betel nut, and Rhubarb are shown as reddish yellow color. these gained khaki colored dyed fabric by ferric mordanting. In addition, Sappan wood showed great result in pre-mordanting. Especially, it gained dark red color by aluminum pre-mordanting. The pink color was shown by post-mordanting. and Logwood showed great dyeing result in Hanji and cotton better than silk. Specially pre-mordanting was effective. Hanji and cotton showed greenish blue color by aluminum pre-mordanting, and silk showed brown color. However the color, which was recognized visually, differed from colorimeter sometimes. Therefore, such color table might be necessary for the natural dyeing.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제52권1호
• /
• pp.66-72
• /
• 2008

태양광과 UV-A빛 조건하에 수용액 속에서 디아조염료의 광 촉매분해반응에 대해 조사를 해보았다. 염료의 광 촉매 분해반응에는 염료의 농도, 촉매 량, 그리고 pH와 같은 여러 가지 영향 요소들이 존재한다. 과산화수소, ammonium persulphate와 isopropanol 등의 첨가는 분해비율에 대해 큰 영향을 미친다. Langmuir-Hinshelwood model에 근거한 광 분해반응의 동역학적분석은 광분해반응은 대략적으로 pseudo first order kinetics을 따름을 알 수 있다. 광분해산물로 이산화탄소, 질산염, sulphate 이온 등이 증명되었다. 광 촉매, ZnO는 태양광 하에서보다 UV-A빛 하에서 더욱 효율적임을 발견하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.327-332
• /
• 2015

A large amount of dye wastewater poses a threat to environmental safety. Disperse blue, an anthraquinone dye that is widely used in textile dyes, is difficult to degrade in wastewater. In this work, one fungus was screened according to the decolorization rate of disperse blue. The fungus was identified and named Aspergillus XJ-2 on the basis of its morphological characteristics and 18s rDNA. Response surface method was used to optimize culture conditions for A. XJ-2. The optimum values of obtained responses were as follows: temperature, $35^{\circ}C$; pH, 5.2; carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, 30:5.5; and rotation ratio, $175r{\cdot}min^{-1}$. Under optimized conditions, the decolorization rate of A. XJ-2 was up to 94.8% in 48 h.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.1337-1358
• /
• 2016

The current study focuses on the assessment and interface response of reinforced concrete elements with composite materials (carbon fiber reinforced polymers-CFRPs, glass fiber reinforced polymers-GFRPs, textile reinforced mortars-TRM's, near surface mounted bars-NSMs). A description of the transfer mechanisms from concrete elements to the strengthening materials is conducted through analytical models based on failure modes: plate end interfacial debonding and intermediate flexural crack induced interfacial debonding. A database of 55 in total reinforced concrete columns (scale 1:1) is assembled containing elements rehabilitated with various techniques (29 wrapped with CFRP's, 5 wrapped with GFRP's, 4 containing NSM and 4 strengthened with TRM). The failure modes are discussed together with the performance level of each technique as well as the efficiency level in terms of ductility and bearing/ bending capacity. The analytical models' results are in acceptable agreement with the experimental data and can predict the failure modes. Despite the heterogeneity of the elements contained in the aforementioned database the results are of high interest and point out the need to incorporate the analytical expressions in design codes in order to predict the failure mechanisms and the limit states of bearing capacities of each technique.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.511-515
• /
• 2003

대표적인 azo계 반응성 염료인 Remazol Black B에 대한 탈색능이 우수한 신규 백색부후균인 Phanerochaete sp. EJ-31L의 탈색 특성을 평가해 보았다. 보조 탄소원 농도, 질소원, pH 등의 배양조건이 염료 탈색율에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 3%(w/v)의 sucrore, 0.05%(w/v)의 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$를 첨가한 배지에서 pH 6.5의 조건에서 탈색능이 우수하였다. 혐기적 조건에서는 호기적 조건 대비 27% 수준의 탈색 효율을 보였으며, 진탕배양에서의 탈색율이 정치배양 대비 2배이상 높아 Phanerochaete sp. EJ-31L은 호기적 조건에서 탈색능이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 초기 Remazol Black B 농도 50 ppm에 대한 회분식 처리시 약 95% 이상의 탈색율을 보여 향후 azo계 염료 처리용 생물공정에 백색부후균인 Phanerochaete sp. EJ-31L을 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.288-293
• /
• 2002

염색 공단 폐수로부터 채취한 시료에서 Remazol Black B를 유일 탄소원으로 성장할 수 있는 미생물들을 순수 분리 하고, 염료 분해능이 가장 우수한 균주를 API 20E kit를 이용해 생화확적 특성을 분석해 본 결과, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia EJ-211로 명명하였다. S. maltophilia EJ-211에 의한 난분해성 반응염료인 Remazol Black B 분해 반응을 분석한 결과, 보조 탄소원으로 포도당 1.0%(w/v), 질소원으로 trypton peptone은 1.0%(w/v), 3$0^{\circ}C$, pH 6.5의 최적 조건을 결정할 수 있었다. 호기적 조건에서의 S. maltophilia EJ-211의 Remazol Black B는 28시간 동안 약 86% 수준의 염료 분해능을 보여주어 Remazol Black B에 대한 생분해능이 아주 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2019

In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) fibres dyed with Disperse Red 167 using supercritical $CO_2$ technology. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between PET fibers and supercritical $CO_2$ during dyeing. The effects of temperature, pressure, dyeing time and mass ratio between the dye and PET in the dyeing chamber were considered. Thermal and mechanical properties of the fibers were investigated. Tensile strength of dyed PET fibers decreased at higher temperature and pressure conditions. DSC and DMA results indicated that the Tg and Tm values decreased significantly when compared to the pure PET fibers. However, uniformly dyed PET fibers were typically observed.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.14-24
• /
• 2019

In this study, dyeability of PET fabric was investigated depending on dyeing temperature, pressure, and leveling time using laboratory scale supercritical $CO_2(scCO_2)$ dyeing machine. Dyeing temperature, pressure, leveling time were varied from 100, 120, $130^{\circ}C$, 150, 200, 250bar, 40, 60, 80, 100min, respectively. It is proved that the higher temperature of $scCO_2$ dyeing process, the higher K/S value and the lower $L^*$ value, which in turn means the lower amount of dyeing molecules remained after process done. Compared 200bar with 250bar of dyeing pressure, $scCO_2$ dyeing fabrics under 250bar appeared to have a lower $L^*$ value, a higher K/S value than those from 200bar, meaning that dyeing color turns to darker with higher dyeing pressure. The experiments showed that the most ideal condition for $scCO_2$ dyeing process is $120^{\circ}C$, 250bar for 60 - 100min of leveling time.