• 한국재료학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.270-279
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• 2022

In this study, N/S co-doped carbon felt (N/S-CF) was prepared and characterized as an electrode material for electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). A commercial carbon felt (CF) was immersed in an aqueous solution of thiourea and then thermally treated at 800 ℃ under an inert atmosphere. The prepared N/S-CF showed a large specific surface area with hierarchical pore structures. The electrochemical performance of the N/S-CF-based electrode was evaluated using both 3-electrode and 2-electrode systems. In the 3-electrode system, the N/S-CF-based electrode showed a good specific capacitance of 177 F/g at 1 A/g and a good rate capability of 41% at 20 A/g. In the 2-electrode system (symmetric capacitor), the freestanding N/S-CF-based electrode showed a specific capacitance of 275 mF/cm² at 2 mA/cm², a rate capability of 62.5 % at 100 mA/cm², a specific power density of ~ 25,000 mW/cm² at an energy density of 23.9 mWh/cm², and a cycling stability of ~ 100 % at 100 mA/cm² after 20,000 cycles. These results indicate the N/S co-doped carbon felts can be a promising candidate as a new electrode material in a symmetric capacitor.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.56-56
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• 2010

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted much attention as a promising material for transparent conducting films (TCFs), due to their superior electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength, and complete flexibility as well as their one-dimensional morphological features of extremely high length-to-diameter ratios. This study investigated three kinds of SWCNTs with different purities: as-produced SWCNTs (AP-SWCNTs), thermally purified SWCNTs (TH-SWCNTs), thermally and acid purified SWCNTs (TA-SWCNTs). The purity of each SWCNT sample was assessed by considering absorption peaks in the semiconducting ($S_{22}$) and metallic ($M_{11}$) tubes with UV-Vis NIR spectroscopy and a metal content with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The purity increased as proceeding the purification stages from the AP-SWCNTs through the thermal purification to the acid purification. The samples containing different contents of SWCNTs were dispersed in water using sodium dodecyl benzensulfate (SDBS). Aqueous suspensions of different purities of SWCNTs were prepared to have similar absorbances in UV-Vis absorption measurements so that one can make the TCFs possess similar optical transmittances irrespective of the SWCNT purity. Transparent conductive SWCNT networks were formed by spraying an SWCNT suspension onto a poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) substrate. As expected, the TCFs fabricated with AP-SWCNTs showed very high sheet resistances. Interestingly, the TH-SWCNTs gave lower sheet resistances to the TFCs than the TA-SWCNTs although the latter was of higher purity in the SWCNT content than the former. The TA-SWCNTs would be shortened in length and be more bundled by the acid purification, relative to the TH-SWCNTs. For both purified (TH, TA) samples, the subsequent nitric acid ($HNO_3$) treatment greatly lowered the sheet resistances of the TCFs, but almost eliminated the difference of sheet resistances between them. This seems to be because the electrical conductivity increased not only due to further removal of surfactants but also due to p-type doping upon the acid treatment. The doping effect was likely to overwhelm the effect of surfactant removal. Although the nitric acid treatment resulted in the similar. electrical properties to the two samples, the TCFs of TH-SWCNTs showed much lower sheet resistances than those of the TA-SWCNTs prior to the acid treatment.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.992-998
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• 1996

Citrate process로 제조한 $La_{1-x}Ca_xCoO_3$에서 Ca이 20mole% doping된 perovskite oxide가 산소환원반응에 대해 가장 높은 전류밀도와 specific activity를 보여주었으며 cyclic voltammogram에서 carbon만으로 제조된 전극에서보다 carbon과 Perovskite oxide를 혼합한 전극에서 높은 산소흡착/탈착전류를 보였다. 입자크기분포와 소결효과에 의해 $900^{\circ}C$, 5시간 공기중에서 소결한 $La_{0.8}Ca_{0.2}CoO_3$가 산소환원반응에 대한 전기화학적 촉매특성이 우수하였다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2007

Charcoal was used as a carbon source for improving the critical current density of $MgB_2$ and the effect of annealing temperature on the $J_c$ of $MgB_2$ was investigated. The charcoal powder used in this study was $1{\sim}2$ microns in size and was prepared by wet attrition milling. $MgB_2$ bulk samples with a nominal composition of $Mg(B_{0.95}C_{0.05})_2$ were prepared by in situ process of Mg and B powders. The powder mixture was uniaxially compacted into pellets and heat treated at temperatures of $650^{\circ}C\;-\;1000^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes in flowing Ar gas. It was found that superconducting transition temperature of $Mg(B_{0.95}C_{0.05})_2$ decreased by charcoal additions which indicates the carbon substitution for boron site. $J_c$ of $Mg(B_{0.95}C_{0.05})_2$ was lower than that of the undoped $MgB_2$ at the magnetic fields smaller than 4 Tesla, while it was higher than that of the undoped sample especially at the magnetic field higher than 4 T. High temperature annealing seems to be effective in increasing $J_c$ due to the enhanced carbon diffusion into boron sites.

• Composites Research
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.260-264
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 CNT강화 에폭시 복합재의 열기계적 거동을 예측하고 그 경향을 분석하기 위해 분자동역학 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 해석을 수행하였다. 에폭시 내부 CNT의 체적비율을 0~25%까지 총 6개의 모형을 구성하였다. 열적 거동을 보기 위해 300~600 K까지 일정하게 온도를 상승시켰으며, 온도와 비체적 관계를 이용하여 유리전이 온도와 열팽창 계수를 산출하였다. 또한 일정 변형도 하중을 통해 탄성 계수를 산출하여 기계적 거동을 예측하였다. 추가적으로 CNT의 표면처리에 따른 기계적 거동을 분석하였다. 질소 도핑 및 COOH, OH 그룹을 처리한 3개의 모형을 구성하였으며, 각 모형의 탄성 계수 및 경계면 거동에 대한 해석을 수행하였다. 이를 통해 에폭시 내부 CNT의 응집은 열기계적 거동에 교란을 가지고 올 수 있으며, 표면처리는 복합재의 기계적 물성뿐만 아니라 경계면 특성까지도 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.502-510
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• 2021

Hierarchically porous carbon materials with high nitrogen functionalities are extensively studied as high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials. In this study, nitrogen-doped porous carbon textile (N-PCT) with hierarchical pore structures is prepared as an electrode material for supercapacitors from a waste cotton T-shirt (WCT). Porous carbon textile (PCT) is first prepared from WCT by two-step heat treatment of stabilization and carbonization. The PCT is then nitrogen-doped with urea at various concentrations. The obtained N-PCT is found to have multi-modal pore structures with a high specific surface area of 1,299 m² g^-1 and large total pore volume of 1.01 cm³ g^-1. The N-PCT-based electrode shows excellent electrochemical performance in a 3-electrode system, such as a specific capacitance of 235 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1, excellent cycling stability of 100 % at 5 A g^-1 after 1,000 cycles, and a power density of 2,500 W kg^-1 at an energy density of 3.593 Wh kg^-1. Thus, the prepared N-PCT can be used as an electrode material for supercapacitors.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2001

Polyaniline(EB)/NMP 용액에 carbonblack, grahpite Ag를 첨가하여 우수한 막질의 free standing film을 제조하였다. 1 mole HCI로 도핑된 polyaniline(ES) free standing film($\sigma$=5 S/cm, t=0.14 mm)을 제조하여 10 MHz~1 GHz의 주파수 영역에서 전자기파 차폐효과를 측정한 결과 23~25 dB의 차폐효율을 나타내었으며, carbonblack, grahpite, AG을 첨가하여 제조한 ES free standing film 과 camphorsulfonic acid(CSA)를 도핑한 polyaniline film의 전자기파 차폐효율 측정결과 각각 30~34dB, 36~42dB, 44~52dB, 34~43dB로 ES free standing film 보다 우수한 특성을 나타내었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1994

Undoped GaAs has been successfully grown by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) via surface decomposition process using arsine $(AsH_3)$ and trimethylgallium (TMG). Three distinct regions of temperature-dependent growth rates were identified in the range of temperatures from 570 to $690^{\circ}C$. The growth rates were found strongly dependent on the V/III ratio between 5 and 30. The growth rate at low V/III ratio seems to be determined by arsenic produced on the surface, whereas at high V/III ratio it shows dependence on the adsorption of TMG. Hall measurement and photoluminescence (PL) analysis show that the films are all p-type and that carbon impurities are primarily responsible for the background doping. Carbon concentrations have been found to be reduced by two orders of magnitude as compared to those of epilayers grown by CBE which employs TMG and arsenic obtained from precracked $AsH_3$ in a high temperature cell. It was also found that hydrogen atoms dissociated from unprecracked $AsH_3$ play an important role in removing hydrocarbon-containing species resulting in a significant reduction of car-bon impurities.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2010

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating was studied to be a good tribological problem-solver due to its low friction characteristics and high hardness. However, generally hydrogenated DLC film has shown a weak thermal stability above $300^{\circ}C$. However, the silicon doping DLC process by DC pulse plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for the new DLC coating which has a good characterization with thermal stability at high temperature itself has been observed. And we were discussed a process for optimizing silicon content to promote a good thermal stability using various tetramethylsilane (TMS) and methane gas at high-temperature. The chemical compositions of silicon-containing DLC film was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after heat treatment. Raman spectrum analysis showed the changed structure on the surface after the high-temperature exposure testing. In particular, the hardness of silicon-containing DLC film showed different values before and after the annealing treatment.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.422-422
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• 2012

In2O3 계열의 산화물 전도성 투명 전극은 최근 디스플레이, 태양전지 등 전자산업에서 중요한 소재로 전 세계적으로 많이 연구되고 있다. 또한 3.6 eV의 wide bandgap을 가짐으로서 센서 등의 반도체 소자로의 응용가능성이 매우 큰 것으로 알려져 있다. 기존의 연구는 In2O3에 SnO2, Al2O3, Ga2O3 등을 혼합하여 화합물 형태의 투명전극 소재를 개발하고, 전도성 및 투과율 등을 개선시키는데 초점이 맞춰져왔다. 최근에 들어서 나노스케일 물질의 제조 기술 개발로 낮은 차원의 In2O3 나노구조는 센서나 발광다이오드와 같은 전자기기의 제작을 위해서 연구 되었는데, 본 논문에서는 Carbon을 doping하여 p-형 반도체로의 응용 가능성을 고찰하였다. 본 논문에서는 In2O3:C 박막을 radio-frequency magnetron sputtering 방법으로 sapphire(0001) 기판위에 증착하였다. 통상적으로 ceramic target에 carbon을 혼합하여 sintering하여 제작한 ceramic target 대신, In2O3 powder와 CNT를 혼합하여 powder형태의 sputter target을 사용하였다. 박막의 증착 초기에는 매우 평평한 층구조로 성장하였고, 박막의 두께가 증가함에 따라 섬조직이 생성되기 시작하여 표면거칠기가 매우 크게 증가하였다. 박막의 두께가 500 nm 이상이 되면 나노 피라미드가 생성되는데, 이는 In2O3의 결정구조에 기인한 것으로 판단된다.