• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.696-703
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• 2016

In this study, we intensively investigated the effect of conductive additive amount on electrochemical performance of organic supercapacitors. For this purpose, we assembled coin-type organic supercapacitor cells with a variation of conductive additive(carbon black) amount; carbon aerogel and polyvinylidene fluoride were employed as active material and binder, respectively. Carbon aerogel, which is a highly mesoporous and ultralight material, was prepared via pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde gels synthesized from polycondensation of two starting materials using sodium carbonate as the base catalyst. Successful formation of carbon aerogel was well confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and $N_2$ adsorption-desorption analysis. Electrochemical performances of the assembled organic supercapacitor cells were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Amount of conductive additive was found to strongly affect the charge transfer resistance of the supercapacitor electrodes, leading to a different optimal amount of conductive additive in organic supercapacitor electrodes depending on the applied charge-discharge rate. A high-rate charge-discharge process required a relatively high amount of conductive additive. Through this work, we came to conclude that determining the optimal amount of conductive additive in developing an efficient organic supercapacitor should include a significant consideration of supercapacitor end use, especially the rate employed for the charge-discharge process.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2018

In the present study, we develop a conductive copper/carbon nanomaterial additive and investigate the effects of the morphologies of the carbon nanomaterials on the conductivities of composites containing the additive. The conductive additive is prepared by mechanically milling copper powder with carbon nanomaterials, namely, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and/or few-layer graphene (FLG). During the milling process, the carbon nanomaterials are partially embedded in the surfaces of the copper powder, such that electrically conductive pathways are formed when the powder is used in an epoxy-based composite. The conductivities of the composites increase with the volume of the carbon nanomaterial. For a constant volume of carbon nanomaterial, the FLG is observed to provide more conducting pathways than the MWCNTs, although the optimum conductivity is obtained when a mixture of FLG and MWCNTs is used.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2012

Carbon coils could be synthesized on nickel catalyst layer-deposited silicon oxide substrate using $C_2H_2$ and $H_2$ as source gases under thermal chemical vapor deposition system. By the incorporation of $SF_6$ additive in cyclic modulation manner, the dominant formation of the nanosized carbon coils could be achieved with maintaining the minimized sulfur additive amount. The geometry variation of the as-grown carbon coils, such as linear type, microsized coil type, wavelike nanosized coil type, and nanosized coil type, were investigated according to the different cyclic modulation manner of $SF_6$ flow. $SF_6$ gas incorporation develops the coil-type geometry. Furthermore, the higher flow rate of $SF_6$ gas increased the amount of the nanosized carbon coils. The slightly increased etching ability by $SF_6$ addition seems to be the cause for these results.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2021

We report, synthesis of high surface area composite carbon aerogel using additive based polymerization technique by incorporating graphitic porous carbon as additive. This additive was separately prepared using sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol-furfuraldehyde in iso-propyl alcohol medium at much above the routine gelation temperature to yield porous carbon (CA-IPA) having graphitic layered morphology. CA-IPA exhibited a unique combination of meso-pore dominated surface area (~ 700 m²/g) and good conductivity of ~ 300 S/m. The composite carbon aerogel (CCA) was synthesized by traditional aqueous medium based resorcinol-formaldehyde gelation with CA-IPA as additive. The presence of CA-IPA favored enhanced meso-porosity as well as contributed to improvement in bulk conductivity. Based on the surface area characteristics, CCA-8 composition having 8% additive was found to be optimum. It showed specific surface area of ~ 2056 m²/g, mesopore area of 827 m²/g and electrical conductivity of 180 S/m. The electrode formed with CCA-8 showed improved electrochemical behavior, with specific capacitance of 148 F/g & ESR < 1 Ω, making it a better choice as super capacitor for energy storage applications.

• Carbon letters
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• 제23권
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• pp.48-54
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• 2017

This research considers the effect of added mesophase pitch (MP) as an additive during the pitch synthesis reaction of pyrolyzed fuel oil (PFO). Two effects are generated by adding MP. One is an enhancement of thermal stability due to the high thermal property of the additive; the other is that the volatile compounds that were removed by vaporization of PFO during the thermal reaction can participate in the pitch synthesis reaction ($PFO{\rightarrow}pitch$) more efficiently. The effect differs according to the amount of the additive. When the amount of the additive is less than 7 wt%, the first effect is dominant, whereas the second effect is dominant when the additive amount exceeds 10 wt%.

• Carbon letters
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2014

This study reports on the influence of N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate ($PYR_{14}BF_4$) ionic liquid additive on the conducting and interfacial properties of organic solvent based electrolytes against a carbon electrode. We used the mixture of ethylene carbonate/dimethoxyethane (1:1) as an organic solvent electrolyte and tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate ($TEABF_4$) as a common salt. Using the $PYR_{14}BF$ ionic liquid as additive produced higher ionic conductivity in the electrolyte and lower interface resistance between carbon and electrolyte, resulting in improved capacitance. The chemical and electrochemical stability of the electrolyte was measured by ionic conductivity meter and linear sweep voltammetry. The electrochemical analysis between electrolyte and carbon electrode was examined by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2013

To decompose carbon dioxide, which is a representative greenhouse gas, a plasma torch was designed and manufactured. To examine the characteristics of carbon dioxide decomposition via plasma discharge, a case wherein pure carbon dioxide was supplied and a case wherein methane and/or $TiCl_4$ were injected as additives were investigated and compared. The carbon dioxide and methane conversion rate, energy decomposition efficiency, produced gas concentration, carbon monoxide and hydrogen selectivity, carbon-black and $TiO_2$ were also investigated. The maximum carbon dioxide conversion rate was 28.9% when pure carbon dioxide was supplied; 44.6% when $TiCl_4$ was injected as am additive; and 100% percent when methane was injected as an additive. Therefore, this could be explained that the methane injection showed the highest carbon dioxide decomposition. Furthermore, the carbon-black and $TiO_2$ were compared with each commercial materials through XRD and SEM. It was found that the carbon-black that was produced in this study is similar for commercial materials. It was found that the $TiO_2$ that was produced in this study is suitable for photocatalyst and pigment because it has mixed anataze and rutile.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 리튬이차전지 음극활물질인 Silicon/Carbon (Si/C) 복합소재를 제조하여 바인더 및 첨가제가 전지성능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Si/C 합성물은 마그네슘의 열 환원 반응을 통해 SBA-15 (Santa Barbara Amorphous material No. 15)를 제조한 후 페놀 수지의 탄화 과정을 통해 합성하였다. Si/C 음극소재는 충 방전, 순환전압전류, 임피던스 테스트를 통해 전기화학적 성능을 분석하였다. PAA 바인더를 이용한 Si/C 전지의 용량은 1,899 mAh/g으로 다른 바인더를 사용한 합성물보다 우수하였으며, 40 사이클 동안 92%에 달하는 높은 용량 보존율을 나타내었다. 또한, VC 첨가제를 사용한 전지의 경우 3,049 mAh/g의 높은 초기용량을 나타내며, 실리콘 표면에 보호막을 형성해 초기 비가역용량을 감소시켜줌을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.522-532
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• 2020

Conductive polymer composites with high electrical and mechanical properties are in demand for bipolar plates of phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC). In this study, composites based on natural graphite/fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) and different ratios of carbon black are mixed and hot formed into bars. The overall content of natural graphite is replaced by carbon black (0.2 wt% to 3.0 wt%). It is found that the addition of carbon black reduces electrical resistivity and density. The density of composite materials added with carbon black 3.0 wt% is 2.168 g/㎤, which is 0.017 g/㎤ less than that of non-additive composites. In-plane electrical resistivity is 7.68 μΩm and through-plane electrical resistivity is 27.66 μΩm. Compared with non-additive composites, in-plane electrical resistivity decreases by 95.7 % and through-plane decreases by 95.9 %. Also, the bending strength is about 30 % improved when carbon black is added at 2.0 wt% compared to non-additive cases. The decrease of electrical resistivity of composites is estimated to stem from the carbon black, which is a conductive material located between melted FEP and acts a path for electrons; the increasing mechanical properties are estimated to result from carbon black filling up pores in the composites.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 페놀수지를 사용하여 흑연표면에 유리질 카본 코팅을 진행하였다. 코팅액은 균일한 표면을 가지는 유리질 카본 코팅층 형성을 위해 페놀수지와 경화제, 희석제, 첨가제 등을 혼합하였다. 코팅된 페놀수지는 25~60℃에서 건조 100~200℃에서 경화 500~1,500℃에서 열처리하여 유리질 카본으로 전환하였다. 유리질 카본의 특성 분석을 위해 FTIR, XRD, SEM 분석, 밀도/기공율/접촉각 측정을 진행하였다. 유리질 카본 형성에 있어 최적 온도는 약 1,000℃로 확인되었다. 그리고 첨가제의 함량이 높아질수록 코팅 표면의 결함감소, 기공율 감소, 접촉각 증가, 밀도 증가 등의 효과를 보였다. 첨가제를 통한 유리질 카본 코팅층 형성 방법은 흑연 코팅 및 다른 분야에 적용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.