• Anatomy and Cell Biology
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.538-551
• /
• 2023

Exposure to environmental pollutants such as carbon tetrachloride (CCL₄) causes liver damage. This study aimed to compare the ameliorative activity of the dates flesh extract (DFE) and selenium-nanoparticles (SeNPs) on CCL₄-induced hepatotoxicity and if DFE could be a useful alternative supplement. Twenty-four male albino rats were enrolled and randomly divided into four equal groups (6 rats in each group): control group received only basal diet with no medications. Group II received CCL₄ in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection twice weekly for four weeks. Group III rats were pretreated with SeNPs in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg once a day orally three times/wk for four weeks alone then combined with the previously described dose of CCL₄ for another four weeks. Group IV rats were pretreated with DFE in a dose of 8 ml of the aqueous extract/kg/d orally for four weeks alone then combined with the previously described dose of CCL₄ for another four weeks. The liver damage was assessed by estimation of plasma concentration of albumin and enzymes activities of alanine aminotransferase and tissue genes expression. Liver oxidation levels were assessed by measuring the tissue concentration of the malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and the total glutathione. Additionally, inflammatory mediators tumour necrosis factor--α and interleukin-6 were estimated. Detecting the liver's cellular structural damage was done by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. This study suggests that CCL₄-induced liver damage in rats can be protected by administration whether the costly SeNPs or the economical DFE.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.114-118
• /
• 2001

The present study was undertaken to investigate whether or not the hepatoprotective activity of acetylbergenin was superior to bergenin in carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-intoxicated rat. Acetylbergenin was synthesized by acetylating bergenin, which was isolated from Mallotus japonicus. The hepatoprotective effects of acetylbergenin were examined against $CCl_4$-induced liver damage in rats by means of serum and liver biochemical Indices. Acetylbergenin was administered orally once daily for 7 successive days, then a 0.5 ${m/kg}$ mixture of $CCl_4$in olive oil (1:1) was intraperitoneally injected at 12 h and 36 h after the final administration of acetylbergenin. Pretreatment with acetylbergenin reduced the elevated serum enzymatic activities of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and $\gamma$-glutamyltransferase in a dose dependent fashion. Acetylbergenin also prevented the elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde formation and depletion of glutathione content dose dependently in $CCl_4$-intoxicates rats. In addition, the decreased activities of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were restored to almost normal levels. The results of this study strongly suggest that acetylbergenin n has potent hepatoprotective activity against $CCl_4$-induced hepatic damage in rats by glutathione-mediated detoxification as well as having free radical scavenging activity. In addition, acetylbergenin doses of 50 ${mg/kg}$showed almost the same levels of hepatoprotection activity as 100 ${mg/kg}$ of bergenin, indicating that lipophilic acetylbergenin is more active against the antihepatotoxic effects of $CCl_4$ than those of the much less lipophilic bergenin.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.124-130
• /
• 2002

두충잎의 생약 및 식품 자원으로서의 이용성을 증진시킬 목적으로 두충잎의 물추출물을 사염화탄소를 투여한 흰쥐의 간손상에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해, 정상군, 사염화탄소군, 두충잎 물추출액 투여군, 사염화탄소 처리 후 두충잎 물추출액을 투여한 군의 4개군으로 나누어 6주간 사육하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 혈청 중의 AST, ALT, LDH 활성은 사염화탄소 투여에 의해 현저히 증가하였으나 두충잎 물추출물을 함께 투여함으로 정상군과 수준으로 회복되었다. 한편 사염화탄소에 의해 증가된 혈청중의 ALP 활성은 두충잎 투여에 의해 유의성 있게 감소하지 않았다. 혈청 중의 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤 함량과 LDL콜레스테롤의 함량은 사염화탄소군에서만 유의적인 증가를 나타내었을 뿐 나머지 각군간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 한편 혈청 중의 HDL콜레스테롤의 함량은 두충 단독 투여군 및 사염화탄소 투여 후 두충잎 투여군이 정상군 및 사염화탄소 단독 투여군들보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 간조직 중의 총콜레스테롤, 총지질, 중성 지질의 함량은 사염화탄소에 의해 유의적인 증가를 나타내었으나 두충잎 물추출액의 투여로 인해 이들의 함량이 유의성 있는 감소는 관찰되지 않았다. 광학현미경에 의한 간소직 세포의 병리학적인 검사에서는 사염화탄소군에서 간손상시 나타나는 간조직의 지방변화, 풍선양 변성, 호산성 변성, 국소성 괴사, 부위별 괴사가 관찰되었으나 그후 두충잎 투여에서 변화가 나타나지 않아 간 손상이 회복되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 두충잎 열수 추출물은 $CCl_4$에 의해 손상된 간기능을 회복시키는데 효과가 있었으며, 특히 혈청지질 개선에 탁월한 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.226-234
• /
• 2000

본 연구에서는 현호색의 methanol추출물에 대하여 사염화탄소에 의한 간 손상 보호효과를 확인한 후 이를 hexane, chloroform, butanol 및 물로 계통분획하여 사염화탄소에 의한 간 손상 보호효과를 검색하였다. 이 결과 현호색 물분획물이 유의성 있는 간 보호효과를 보임으로써 간손상 보호효과를 확인하고 그 기전을 밝히고자 하였다. 그 결과 혈액중의 ALT활성 및 cholesterol함량은 사염화탄소 단독투여군에 비하여 감소하였으며 간조직의 TG와 지질과산화물 함량은 사염화탄소 단독투여군에 비하여 감소하여 사염화탄소에 의한 지방의 축적이나 세포막의 손상은 억제된 것으로 보인다. 기전연구를 위하여 측정한 CYP함량과 calcium함량은 사염화탄소 단독투여군에 비하여 감소하였으며 GST활성도는 사염화탄소 단독투여군에 비하여 증가하였다. 항산화 효소의 유도로 인하여 증가할 것으로 기대한 SOD, GPX, GST활성도는 모든 처치군에서 감소하는 경향을 보여 간손상 보호 효과는 free radical scavenging effect보다는 CYP함량의 감소와 CCB로서의 작용 및 GST활성도의 증가에 기인한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.839-845
• /
• 1996

대추 메탄을 추출물이 사염화탄소에 의한 휜쥐의 간손상에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 대조군, 대추메탄올 추출물 투여군, 사염화탄소 투여군 및 대추메탄올 추출물을 투여한 후 사염화탄소를 투여한 군으로 나눠, 2, 4주간 사육하여 혈청 중의 transaminase (GOT 및 GPT), 간 중의 lipid peroxide량, glutathione 함량, xanthine oxidase, SOD, catalase, GSH-Px 등의 활성도의 변화를 관찰하였다. 사염화탄소(50%, 1.0ml/kg) 투여군의 혈청 중 GOT및 GPT의 활성도, 간중TBA 반응성 산물량은 2, 4주에서 대조군에 비하여 현저히 증가되었으나, 대추 메탄올 추출물을 투여한 후 사염화탄소를 투여할 때 GOT의 경우 2, 4주에서, 간 중 TBA 반응성 산물량은 4주에서 사염화탄소 투여군에 비하여 유의성있는 감소효과를 보였다. 유리기 생성계 효소인 xanthine oxidase 활성도에서, 사염화탄소 투여군은 대조군에 비하여 현저한 증가를 보였으나, 대추 메탄올 추출물을 투여한 후 사염화탄소를 투여한 군에서는 감소되었다. 유리기 해독계 효소인 SOD, catalase 및 GSH-Px의 활성도도 사염화탄소 투여로 모두 증가되었으나, 대추 메탄올 추출물을 투여한 후 사염화탄소 투여로 SOD는 4주에서, GSH-Px는 2, 4주에서 대조군에 비하여 유의한 감소효과를 나타냈으며, catalase는 투여기간에 따라 감소는 되었으나 유의성은 보이지 않았다. 이상의 실험결과에서, 사염화탄소 투여로 혈청 및 간 중의 각종 효소 활성도 및 지질과산화물량이 증가되었는데 이는 사염화탄소가 간 중의 효소계 및 간세포의 microsome을 심하게 손상시켰음을 알 수 있으며, 대추 메탄올 추출물을 전처리하므로써 사염화탄소에 의하여 현저히 증가된 각종 효소활성도 및 지질과 산화물량이 감소되었는데, 이는 대추 메탄올 추출물이 간세포의 괴사와 효소의 유출을 저 해하고 간의 저항력 및 간기능을 유지시키므로써 간 보호작용을 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2010

The methanolic extract of natural roots of Mucuna pruriens was screened for hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects in carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) induced hepatotoxicity in Albino rats. The degree of protection was measured by estimating biochemical parameters like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, total protein and level of serum bilirubin (both total and direct). The extract also reduced $CCl_4$ induced lipid peroxidation both in-vitro and in-vivo. Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract at dose 300 mg/kg body weight, i.p., was comparable with standard drug Silymarin (25 mg/kg, i.p.). Furthermore, histopathological experiments were also carried out to support the study.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.275-280
• /
• 2005

Carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) is well known hepatotoxicant. Its overdose cause severe centrilobular hepatic necrosis in human and experimental animals. We administered $CCl_{4}$ at low (0.2 mL/kg p.o.) and high (2 mL/kg p.o.) doses to mice. Mice were sacrificed at 24 h after administration. We evaluated liver toxicity by serum AST and ALT level and by microscopic observation. Using cDNA chip, we conducted gene expression analysis in liver. Mean serum activities of the hepatocellular leakage enzymes, ALT and AST, were significantly increased compare to control, respectively, in the low and high dose groups. H&E evaluation of stained liver sections revealed $CCl_{4}-related$ histopathological findings in mice. Moderate centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis was present in all $CCl_{4}$ treated mice. We found that gene expression pattern was very similar between low and high dose group. However, some stress related genes were differently expressed. These results could be a molecular signature for the degree of liver injury. Our data suggest that the degree of severity could be figure out by gene expression profiling.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.357-364
• /
• 1992

Artemisia Iwayomogi Compositae) has been used clinically for jaundice, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis etc. The purposes of present study were to examine pharmacological effects of Artemisia Iwayomogi water extract(AIWE) on biochemical parameters (activities of ALP and LAP, contents of glucose, total bilirubin, total protein and albumin in serum, A/G ratio, and levels of hepatic glycogen) against hepatic injury by carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) in rats. The results were as follows ; 1. Increased ALP activities by $CCl_4$ were very significantly(p<0.001) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 72 hours and significantly(p<0.05) decreased in AIWE pretreatment groups at 72 hours. Increased LAP activities by $CCl_4$ were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 72 hours. A little increased total bilirubin contents by $CCl_4$ were very significantly (p<0.001) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 24, 48 and 72 hours. 2. Increased glucose contents by $CCl_4$ were decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups. Decreased hepatic glycogen levels by $CCl_4$, were significantly (p<0.05) increased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 48 and 72 hours. 3. Decreased total protein contents by $CCl_4$ were significantly (p<0.05) increased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 48, 72 hours. Decreased albumin contents by $CCl_4$ were increased in proportion to numbers of AIWE treatments in AIWE pre- and posttreatement groups. Decreased A/G ratios by $CCl_4$ were significantly (p<0.05) increased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 48 hours. In conclusion, AIWE did not affect normal liver function and had hepatoprotective effects rather than direct preventive effects to $CCl_4$-induced cholestasis, damages in metabolisms of glucose, protein and bilirubin.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.14-20
• /
• 2009

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc proteases that serve the function of breaking down extracellular matrix (ECM). The present study evaluated the role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the increased deposition of ECM in hepatic and glomerular fibrosis caused by carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$). The activity of MMPs increased and the levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 and 2 (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) decreased in the liver and kidney of $CCl_4$-treated rats. Rats treated with $CCl_4$ and NAC showed increased activities of MMPs and decreased levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in the liver and kidney. Treatment with NAC resulted in the effective degradation of ECM due to an increase in the activities of MMPs and a decrease in the levels of TIMPs.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.12-16
• /
• 2013

This study was performed to investigate hepatoprotective effect of rutin on acute hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups; normal control group, $CCl_4$ control group, two rutin treatment groups (rutin 200+$CCl_4$ and rutin 400+$CCl_4$). Dissolving vehicles were applied to the rats in the normal control group. The rutin was administrated to the rats in rutin 200+$CCl_4$ and rutin 400+$CCl_4$ groups at the levels of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, 3 consecutive days orally, with 24 hours interval before inoculating $CCl_4$. $CCl_4$ was intraperitoneally administered an hour after the last treatment of rutin to the rats in every group except the normal control group. The body weight of rats in $CCl_4$ control group were significantly lower than other groups (p < 0.05), but the liver weight and relative liver weight were higher than normal control group (p < 0.05). The activities of ALT, AST, ALP, GTP, LDH and the level of total bilirubin in sera of rats in $CCl_4$ control group were higher and the levels of total protein, albumin and globulin were lower than the normal group (p < 0.05). The activities of ALT, AST, ALP, GTP, LDH and the level of total bilirubin in rutin 200+$CCl_4$ and rutin 400+$CCl_4$ groups were lower than $CCl_4$ control group (p < 0.05). Therefore the pre-treatment of rutin before $CCl_4$ inoculation in rats effectively inhibited the elevation of serum ALT, AST and total bilirubin which are the parameters of hepatic damage.