• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.469-474
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• 2000

Effect of the antibiotic carbenicillin on callus and shoot formation from the leaf disc culture of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. BY-4) was examined. The number of shoot induced from the leaf explants was decreased as the amount of carbenicillin increased from 250 mg/L to 2,000 mg/L on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L of BAP or kinetin. In addition, calli formation from the leaf explants was increased by the treatment of 250 mg/L ∼ 500 mg/L carbenicillin with or without 0.5 mg/L of 2,4-D or NAA. However, the fresh weight of 4-week-cultured explants was decreased with increasing carbenicillin from 250 mg/L to 2,000 mg/L on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L of 2,4-D or NAA. These results indicate that carbenicillin has an auxin-like effect, such as promoting callus formation and inhibiting shoot induction. It leads to the conclusion that the auxin-like property should be taken into account for the production of transgenic plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.108-111
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• 2019

The hydrolysis of penicillin G, carbenicillin and ampicillin in pure water at room temperature was studied by high pressure liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Hydrolysis of ampicillin did not occur under these conditions; however, penicillin G and carbenicillin were completely hydrolyzed after seven days. A short interpretation of this difference is proposed. The mass spectrometric behaviour, namely ESI response and fragmentation pathway, of hydrolyzed penicillin G and hydrolyzed carbenicillin have been also discussed.

• Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2001

The effect of carbenicillin on the dedifferentiation and the regeneration efficiency of plant tissues of horseradish(Armoracia rusticana) was evaluated, Inhibition effect for callus initiation was observed when leaf blade, root and petiole segments were grown on MS medium containing 500 mg/L to 2000 mg/L carbenicillin and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The regeneration of horseradish shoots from leaf blade, root and petiole explants were decreased as the addition of carbenicillin increased from 1000 mg/L to 2000 mg/L in MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin. Especially, 500 mg/L carbenicillin treatment significantly inhibited shoot induction when leaf blade explants were grown on hormone-free MS medium. It was suggested that the toxic effects of combinations of carbenicillin and 2,4-D may be due to high auxin activity levels.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.128-130
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• 1999

In vitro activity of commonly used antimicrobial agents against several clinical isolates were studied. In the case of E. coli, the MICs at which 90% of the bacteria are inhibited of ampicillin, Unasyn, cefazoline, cefotaxim, carbenicillin, gentamicin and ofloxacin were 100<, 100, 25, 0.2, 100<, 3.13, and $12.5{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/m$ , respectively. In the case of K . pneumoniae, the MICs at which 90% of the bacteria are inhibited of ampicillin, Unasyn, crfazoline, cefotaxim, carbenicillin, gentamicin and ofloxacin were 100<, 12.5, 100<, 0.1, 100<, 1.6, and $0.4{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/m$ , respectively. In the case of Enterobacter sp, the MICs at which 90% of the bacteria are inhibited of ampicillin, Unasyn, cefazoline, cefotaxim, carbenicillin, gentamicin and ofloxacin were 100<, 100, 100<, 6.25, 100<, 100 and $1.57{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/m$ , respectively. In the case of Acinetobacter sp, the MICs at which 90% of the bacteria are inhibited of ampicillin, Unasyn, cefazoline, cefotaxim, carbenicillin, gentamicin and ofloxacin were 100<, 100<, 100<, 100<, 100< 100< and $50{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/m$ , respectively. In the case of Pseudomonas sp, the MICs at which 90% of the bacteria are inhibited of ampicillin, Unasyn, cefazoline, cefotaxim, carbenicillin, gentamicin and ofloxacin were 100<, 100<, 100<, 50, 100<, 25 and $25{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/m$, respectively. In the case of S. aureus, the MICs at which 90% of the bacteria are inhibited of ampicillin, Unasyn, cefazoline, cefotaxim, carbenicillin, gentamicin and ofloxacin were 50, 50, 100<, 100<, 50, 50, and $100{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/m$, respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2001

To develop a selection system for regenerating plants from transformed tissues, effects of four antibiotics (kanamycin, hygromycin, carbenicillin, cefotaxime) and herbicide (phosphinotricin) on shoot regeneration from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) were studied. For cotyledon, shoot induction was not significantly affected by kanamycin at $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, but the number of shoots formed was significantly reduced at $2mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, and no shoots were regenerated from any explants at $6mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ or higher. Hypocotyl explants showed similar result as cotyledon. Kanamycin at $7mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ may be adequate for selecting Chinese cabbage transformants. Hygromycin at $4mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ or higher completely inhibited the growth and shoot regeneration of Chinese cabbage explants. Therefore, resistance gene to hygromycin may also be used as a selective marker for Chinese cabbage transformation. Carbenicillin and cefotaxime, the cephalosporin type of antibiotics, had little effect on shoot regeneration of Chinese cabbage explants. Since carbenicillin and cefotaxime have low toxicity to Chinese cabbage, they are suitable for use in tissue culture to eliminate Agrobacterium in transformation experiments after co-cultivation. Shoot regeneration from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants was significantly reduced in presence of $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ phosphinotricin (PPT) and completely inhibited by $2mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ or higher. PPT, same as antibiotics, may also be used to select transformed cells. Since Chinese cabbage is known to be recalcitrant to in vitro shoot regeneration compared to other Brassica species, even though lower levels of selectable markers result in more transformants but simultaneously allow more untransformed escapes to develop, lower levels of antibiotics and herbicides could be successfully used as a selectable marker to reduce selection pressure.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.435-439
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• 2000

Explants of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were cocultured with A. tumefaciens LBA 4404 harboring ${\gamma}$-tocopherol methyltransferase (${\gamma}$-TMT) gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. These explants were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 50 mg/L kanamycin, 500 mg/L carbenicillin, 0.1 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BA. After 4 weeks, kanamycin resistant shoots were obtained from the explants on the selection medium. The putative transgenic shoots were transferred to rooting MS medium supplemented with 50 mg/L kanamycin and 250 mg/L carbenicillin. Stable incorporation of the Arabidopsis ${\gamma}$-TMT cDNA into lettuce genomic DNA was confirmed by PCR and Southern analysis. HPLC analysis showed that $\alpha$- to ${\gamma}$-tocopherol ratio increased over four fold in a transgenic lettuce line indicating successful expression of the transgenic Arabidopsis ${\gamma}$-TMT in lettuce.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 2007

Antibiotics used for suppressing Agrobacterium in plant transformation procedure might have negligible effects on plant tissues and regeneration. The effects of antibiotics on growth suppression of Agrobacterium and plant regeneration were investigated for enhancing Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using wheat mature embryos. Antibiotics tested, except carbenicillin, were able to suppress that embryos were coated with a layer of Agrobacterium cells in callus induction medium. Agrobacterium growth was suppressed minimally at 50 mg/l of timentin, while cefotaxime and clavamox were completely suppressed at relative high concentration of 250 mg/l. In the treatment of carbenicillin, initiation of growth suppression of Agrobacterium occurred at 750 mg/l of concentration because Agrobacterium KYRT1 contains the carbenicillin resistant gene. In Agrobacterium inoculation, effects of antibiotics were significantly different on the rate of callus induction and shoot formation. Almost embryos were induced calli at 50 mg/l of timentin whereas callus induction rate was achieved above 90% at 100 mg/l and 250 mg/l of cefotaxime and clavamox, respectively. Shoot formation rate was higher in the treatment of timentin than that of cefotaxime and clavamox at 500 mg/l of concentration, respectively. Timentin can be used as a good antibiotics in Agrobacterium-mediated wheat transformation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.307-313
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• 2009

Mature dry seeds of Korean cultivars, Daepungkong, Muhankong, Myeongjunamulkong, Somyeongkong, Sowonkong, Jinpumkong, and Pungsannamulkong were used. The influence of antibiotics on elimination of Agrobacterium growth and shoot regeneration was estimated with cotyledonary node. Cefotaxime and timentin at the concentration of 250 and 500 mg/l suppressed Agrobacterium, especially cefotaxime was an efficient antibiotic to suppress Agrobacterium in all cultivars. While carbenicillin and timentin at the concentration of 50 and 100 mg/l were not sufficient to control the development of Agrobacterium, respectively. Cefotaxime and timentin represented high shoot formation rates compared with carbenicillin. Carbenicillin at low concentrations did not effectively suppress Agrobacterium and also had no effect on shoot development. Cefotaxime at the concentration of 250 mg/l showed maximum frequency of shoot regeneration in cvs. Somyeongkong and Sowonkong. Furthermore, on medium containing cefotaxime, shoot was more quickly formed than the other antibiotics. The use of cefotaxime was very useful for elimination of Agrobacterium growth with cotyledonary node of Korean soybean cultivars.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.412-418
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• 1998

It was perfomed to investigate for Yersinia species from 2,841 spring waters in Seoul, from 1994 to 1998. Of them, Yersinia spp. were isolated 86 isolated (3.3%). Of 86, sixty two isolates(71.1%) were Yesinia enterocolitica, followed by Y. aldovae (11 strains), Y. pseudotuberculosis (5 strains), Y. frederiksenii (3 strains), unclassified Yersinia spp. (5 strains). Yersinia spp. were highest isolated from Nowon-Gu (22 samples asd Bukhan Mountain Park isolated(18 samples). We tested 1.186 samples for SPC and colifrom from 1996 to 1998. of these tests, the positive rate of coliform was 23.6%, SPC, 9.1%, and either coliform of SPC positive 27.1%. The positive rates of coliform and SPC were decreased 26.7%, 12.7% in 1996, 25.8%, 6.3% in 1997 and 18.1%, 7.6% in 1998 , rerspectively. Of Y. enterocolitica, 78% was resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin. In the case of Y. aldovae, only 3 of 11 isolated were resistant to carbenicillin. Y. pseudotuberculosis were resistant to colistin. Also Y. frederiksenii to carbenicillin. There were many spring waters of Y. enterocolitical isolated from Nowon-Gu and Buk-han Mountain Park. So, it needs to clean the environment of those regions.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2008

86 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and 116 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical specimens were collected from a hospital in Daegu city area. We investigated the Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa isolated from sputum, urine, wound, blood, nasal swab, body fluid. The antimicrobial resistance of A. baumannii were shown 96% for piperacillin, carbenicillin 82%. cefotaxime 78%, ciprofloxacin 77%, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprime 76%, ceftazidime 75%, tobramycin 72%. For P. aeruginosa, the resistance of cefotaxime and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprime were 100%, carbenicillin 49%, piperacillin 47%, ticarcillin 45%, ticarcillin/ clavulanic acid 40%.