• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.413-414
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.128-130
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• 2003

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.341-345
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• 2015

Virus-like symptoms including stunt, severe mosaic with malformation of leaves, fern-like leaves and abnormal petals were observed from an African impatiens (Impatiens walleriana) grown in a plant nursery in Icheon, Korea. Serological analysis using immuno-strip kits for viruses reported in African impatiens indicated that Cucumber mosaic virus (named CMV-Im) was a causal agent for the symptomatic African impatiens. Biological properties of CMV-Im were analyzed using responses of host plant species, suggesting that CMV-Im is a typical strain that belongs to CMV subgroup I. RT-PCR analysis verified CMV-Im infection from naturally infected African impatiens or mechanically inoculated some host species. Analysis of multiple alignments of CMV capsid protein (CP) sequences showed that CMV-Im shared high CP amino acids identities with other CMV strains. Phylogenetic tree analysis for the CP sequences of CMV-Im and representative CMV strains confirmed that CMV is a typical member of CMV subgroup I. To our knowledge, it is the first report of CMV in African impatiens in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2012

$Potato$ $virus$ $X$ (PVX) contains $cis$-acting elements including stem-loop 1 (SL1) RNA at the 5' region; SL1 is conserved among all potexviruses. The SL1 at the positive-sense RNA, SL1(+), is required for PVX RNA replication, cell-to-cell movement, and translation. Previous research demonstrated that SL1(+) RNA also serves as the origin of assembly for encapsidation of PVX RNA. To identify the essential sequences and/or regions for capsid protein (CP) subunit recognition within SL1(+) RNA, we used electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), UV cross-linking, and yeast three-hybrid analyses. The EMSA and UV cross-linking analyses with PVX CP subunits and RNA transcripts corresponding to the SL1(+) RNA showed that the SL1(+) RNA formed complexes with CP subunits. We also conducted EMSA and yeast three-hybrid analyses with RNAs containing various mutations of SL1(+) RNA elements. These analyses indicated that SL1(+) RNA is required for the interaction with PVX CP and that the RNA sequences located at the loop C and tetra loop of the SL1(+) are crucial for CP binding. These results indicate that, in addition to being important for RNA accumulation, the SL1(+) RNA from the 5' region of the PVX genome is also required for specific binding of PVX CP.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 1998

Recombinant polioviruses have been developed by many research groups for use as vaccine vector because poliovirus induces mucosal immunity as well as humoral immunity through oral uptake. We assessed the potential use of poliovirus as a T-cell epitope carrier. Recombinant poliovirus V129 5L was constructed to have a substituted T-helper epitope from the core protein of Hepatitis B virus at neutralization antigenic site 1 on its VP1 capsid protein. The recombinant virus replicated less efficiently than type 1 poliovirus Mahoney strain. The V129 5L formed a little smaller plaques than the Mahoney strain and showed some 1.25 log unit lower titer at the peak in the one-step growth kinetics though it had similar growth profile to that of the Mahoney strain. Since V129 5L recombinant virus was genetically stable even after 24 successive passages in HeLa cells, the antigenic site 1 on VP1 capsid protein was confirmed for its ability of carrying T cell epitope. The genetic stability of V129 5L also indicated that recombinant poliovirus can be successfully utilized for the development of the multivalent vaccines.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2013

In 2009, a systemic megalocytivirus infection associated with high mortality was detected for the first time in cultured starry flounder Platichthys stellatus in Korea. Diseased starry flounder had pale bodies and gill coloring and enlarged spleens. Histopathological examinations revealed basophilic enlarged cells in various organs of diseased starry flounder. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on tissue samples using three published primer sets developed for the red sea bream iridovirus. PCR products were detected for all primer sets, except 1-F/1-R, which are registered by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). The part of the gene corresponding to the full open reading frame encoding the viral major capsid protein (MCP) was amplified by PCR. PCR products of approximately 1,581 bp were cloned, and the nucleotide sequences were analyzed phylogenetically. The MCP gene of the starry flounder iridovirus, designated SFIV0909, was identical to that of the turbot reddish body iridovirus (AB166788).

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2021

Background: Ranavirus is an emerging infectious disease which has been linked to mass mortality events in various amphibian species. In this study, we document the first mass mortality event of an adult population of Dybowski's brown frogs (Rana dybowskii), in 2017, within a mountain valley in South Korea. Results: We confirmed the presence of ranavirus from all collected frogs (n = 22) via PCR and obtained the 500 bp major capsid protein (MCP) sequence from 13 individuals. The identified MCP sequence highly resembled Frog virus 3 (FV3) and was the same haplotype of a previously identified viral sequence collected from Huanren brown frog (R. huanrenensis) tadpoles in South Korea. Human habitat alteration, by recent erosion control works, may be partially responsible for this mass mortality event. Conclusion: We document the first mass mortality event in a wild Korean population of R. dybowskii. We also suggest, to determine if ranavirus infection is a threat to amphibians, government officials and researchers should develop continuous, country-wide, ranavirus monitoring programs of Korean amphibian populations.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.255-268
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• 2011

For detection of noroviruses (NVs), we compared various PCR primer sets based on reverse transcription nested PCR (RT-nested PCR) in the water samples from Dong brook in Busan, South Korea. We designed various new primer sets based on the most conserved sequences of the capsid protein gene that react with diverse NVs found in Korea. Designed primer sets (KG1F/KG1R and KG2F/KG2R, named as PNK) for the respective genogroups of NVs, genogroup I and II (GI and GII), were applied to detect NVs in the water samples from Dong brook concentrated with ultracentrifugation. In the application to the water samples, proportion of GI (76.47%) and GII (70.59%) in water samples of Dong brook in RT-nested PCR with the primer sets of this study. However, no significant differences of the proportion of the positive samples were not found between RT-nested PCRs with reported and newly designed primer sets. From the nucleotide sequencing, GI and GII of NVs present in Dong brook were appeared to be the members of 1/2/4/5/9/10 genotypes, and 3/4/5/11/13 genotypes respectively. Appeared genotype 4 of GII known as an one of main genotype found in patients of many Asian countries warned us to consider the risks of norovirus in aquatic environments in southern part of Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1997

The present study was designed to estimate the seroprevalence of NLVs among diarrheagenic children and in healthy adults in Seoul and its vicinity with the use of an EIA and an Western blot (WB) based on recombinant Norwalk virus capsid protein (rNV) and crude virus preparations as antigen. Seroconversion was observed in 34 (83%) of 41 tested using the EIA and in 21 (54%) of 39 using the WB, suggesting that the NLVs with epitopes common to rNV are prevalent in Seoul area. Diarrheal children who were known to have been infected with several other strains of the NLVs showed no significant antibody response to the rNV. Infection with rNV occurred earlier in life: primary infections with rNV were common before the age of 6 months and over 91 % of children had evidence of infection by that age by the EIA. Since the amount of the NLV antigens available for seroepidemiologic surveys is limited, we tried to detect NLV antibody by using crude virus preparations as antigen. One crude virus preparation of a child whose stool yielded genetically distinct NLV revealed the presence of the plural number of bands upon SDS-PAGE, but precipitated only one band (62 kDa) after the WB with a serum (collected 10 days after the onset of symptoms) of another diarrheal child. The WB assay we present in this report revealed that the NLVs are prevalent among Korean population and that the sera contained antibody to a single major structural protein, with molecular sizes of 58 to 62 kDa, compatible with the sizes reported for the Norwalk virus and Snow Mountain agent proteins, respectively. When the results of the WB were compared with those obtained by the EIA, the EIA antibody assay was sensitive enough to detect an antibody rise of as much as 4096-fold but not as specific as the WB. The WB assay presented in this paper will provide a powerful tool to elucidate not only antigenic structures of the NL Vs but also seroepidemiology of the NLV infection. The availability of an unlimited source of antigen will enable a large scale serologic studies that will greatly increase our understanding of the role of NLVs in human enteric illness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.73-96
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• 2006

$\square$ A nationwide surveillance including 17 provincial labs has been established $\square$ Noroviruses are involved in recent viral gastroenteritis outbreaks and sproradic viral gastroenteritis cases in Korea $\square$ Analysis of RDRP and capsid regions of norovirus strains shows that various genotypes were circulated in Korea $\square$ Early detection of outbreaks cases (2004 Jeju-cause of epidemic) $\square$ New variant or emerging strain detection: variant GII4 and GIIb $\square$ Detection of Sapoviruses from AGE patients in 2003-4