• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1986

Equimolar aqueous solutions of D-glucose and glycine were heated at $50^{\circ}C\;and\;95^{\circ}C$ at pH 6.7. The headspace volatiles and the ether extracts from the reaction mixture were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a fused silica capillary column. The major components formed were identified as diacetyl, three furfurals, two pyrroles, one furanone, two pyranones and two amides. In order to elucidate the formation mechanisms of the amides formed front amino-carbonyl reaction, two model systems were adopted. N-butylacetamide were formed as major components from diacetyl-butylamine ana glyoxal-butylamine systems, respectively. The results obtained suggest that such ${\alpha}-dicarbonyls$ as 3-deoxy-D-erythro-2,3-hexodiulose and diacetyl generated in the amino-carbonyl reaction react with amino compounds, amides then being formed by cleavage of the C-C bond in the ${\alpha}-dicarbonyls$.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2011

In this work, the finite element method was used to investigate the shifts of resonance frequencies and quality factor of whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) for an opto-fluidic ring resonator (OFRR) biosensor. To describe the near-field radiation transfer, the time-domain Maxwell's equations were employed and solved by using the in-plane TE wave application mode of the COMSOL Multiphysics with RF module. The OFRR biosensor model under current study includes a glass capillary with a diameter of 100 mm and wall thickness of 3.0 mm. The resonance energy spectrum curves in the wavelength range from 1545 nm to 1560 nm were examined under different biosensing conditions. We mainly studied the sensitivity of resonance shifts affected by changes in the effective thickness of the sensor resonator ring with a 3.0 mm thick wall, as well as changes in the refractive index (RI) of the medium inside ring resonators with both 2.5 mm and 3.0 mm thick walls. In the bulk RI detection, a sensitivity of 23.1 nm/refractive index units (RIU) is achieved for a 2.5 mm thick ring. In small molecule detection, a sensitivity of 26.4 pm/nm is achieved with a maximum Q-factor of $6.3{\times}10^3$. These results compare favorably with those obtained by other researchers.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2010

Purpose: This work aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effect of pegmatite in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Author evaluated the suppressive effects of pegmatite on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 release in the RAW 264.7 murinemacrophages. Results: Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with pegmatite significantly reduced LPS-stimulated NO production and inflammatory cytokine such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. Also pegmatite showed topical anti-inflammatory activity in the arachidonic acid (AA)-induced ear edema and acetic acid-induced increase in capillary permeability assessment in mice. It was also found that pegmatite (10 mg per ear in DW) inhibited arachidonic acid induced edema at 24 h more profoundly than 1 h by topical application. Furthermore, the vascular permeability increase induced by acetic acid was significantly reduced in mice that received pegmatite in 50 mg per mouse. Conclusion: Therefore the results of the present study suggest that pegmatite is a potent inhibitor of the LPS-induced NO and inflammatory cytokine in RAW 264.7 macrophages and showed anti-inflammatory activities in vivo animal model.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 1992

Airborne suspended particulates were collected at Shinchon by a high volume cascade impactor from Sep. 1990 to Aug. 1991. Organic matter was extracted from particulates and fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction and thin layer chromatography. Substances in the PAHs and nitroarenes'subfraction of neutral fraction were determined by capillary gas chromatography. Based on unit risk estimates by multi-stage model of benzo[a]pyrene and the results of exposure estimates, cancer risk was assessed. The annual average concentration of total suspended particulates was 201.77g/$m^3$. The percentage of fine particulates was 57.40. The concentration of total suspended particulates showed seasonal variations and was high in winter and spring. The average concentration of extractable organic matter was 8.12g/$m^3$. In all, 21 PAHs were identified and quantified. The annual concentration of fluoranthene was 2.38ng/$m^3$, and that was the highest value of all PAHs. A carcinogenic compound, benzo[a]pyrene, was at a concentration of 1.84ng/$m^3$. All the 10 nitroarenes were also identified and quantified. The major nitroarene in the Shinchon area was 2,7-dinitrofluorene. The annual concentration of 1-nitropyrene was 1.56ng/$m^3$. Concentrations of PAHs and nitroarenes were high in winter and low in summer. The life time excess risk estimates of benzo[a]pyrene was calculated as 0.96 persons/a million population in this experiment. In the rank of relative potenties, carcinogenic effects of the other PAHs were calculated as 0.004-0.108 persons/a million population.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 1999

The car washing effluent containing various oils and detergent was treated by ultrafiltration membranes. Dead-end type stirred cell (Amicon 8050) with 10, 30 and lOOk dalton membranes was used to determine permeation and rejection characteristics for the car washing effluent. In case of low molecular weight cut-off membranes, the effect of membrane fouling was weak under the applied pressures. However, the permeation flux for YM100 membrane(look dalton) may be affected by oil layer formation on the membrane surface as well as oil particle plugging for a part of membrane pores due to compressible and deformable oil properties. Oil and particle rejections in the permeates were over 95%, but detergent was passed easily through the membranes. Hence, the permeates containing detergent can be recycled to the system, and may reduce water pollution. Also, the car washing effluent was treated continuously by a capillary type ultrafiltration membrane of MWCO 50k dalton. The experimental data were fitted suitably to the cake filtration model.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.593-597
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• 1995

To measure theological properties of the starch dough, an Extrusion Capillary Viscometer(ECV) cell was self-made and attached to Instron machine(Model 1140). Apparent viscosities of corn and waxy corn starch doughs were measured and their gelatinization degrees were determined by enzymatic analysis. The effects of heating temperature on the viscosity of starch dough with $36{\sim}52%$ moisture contents were examined in terms of Arrhenius equation. The activation emergy(Ea) of the dough viscosity from the effect of heating temperatures changed from negative(-) to positive(+), as the moisture content increased from 44% to 48% in the corn starch dough and from 44% to 44% in the waxy corn starch dough.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1999

ALP (alkaline phosphatase) is a membrane-bound metalloenzyme that is expressed in osteoblasts, hepatocytes, lung, kidney, endothelial cells, leukocytes and other cells. Normal soft tissue and skin show little tissue nonspecific ALP (TN-AP), However, scar tissue contains high levels of TN-AP activity, and in fact, TN-AP is expressed intensely in regenerating connective tissue after the wounding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of ALP expression in hypertrophic scar model in rabbits and the effect of triamcinonolone on ALP expression. Adult male New Zealand white rabbits, weighing about 2.5 kg, were used. After full-thickeness wounding over the ventral surface of each ear, either saline (control ear) or triamcinolone (contralateral ear) was injected on day 16. Rabbits were sacrificed on day 3, 7, 15, 17, 19, 23, and the specimens were retrieved en bloc. Histologic and immunohistochemical examinations of tissue samples were done. The results obtained were as follows: On day 3, ALP reaction was observed on fibroblasts and inflammatory cells in wound margin. On day 7, ALP reaction was more intense than day p in capillaries, inflammtory cells, and fibroblasts behind newly formed epithelium. On day 15, ALP reaction was lessened in both groups and appeared mainly in subepidermal capillary network, Since day 17, ALP reaction was lessened in both groups and weaker in triamcinolone-injected group than in saline-injected group. These results suggest that ALP reaction isn't increased in triamcinolone-injected scar and triamcinolone reduces scar not by increasing TN-AP expression but other mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 1990

The drag and heat transfer reduction phenomena and degradation effects of drag reducing polymer solutions which are known as the viscoelastic fluids are investigated experimentally for the turbulent circular tube flows. Two stainless steel tubes are used for the experimental flow loops. Aqueous solutions of Polyacrylamide Separan AP-273 with concentrations from 300 to 1000 wppm are used as working fluids. Flow loops are set up to measure the friction factors and heat transfer coefficients of test tubes in the once-through system and the recirculating flow system. Test tubes are heated by power supply directly to apply constant heat flux boundary conditions on the wall. Capillary tube viscometer and falling ball viscometer are used to measure the viscous characteristics of fluids and the characteristic relaxation time of a fluid is determined by the Powell-Eyring model. The order of magnidude of the thermal entrance length of a drag reducing polymer solution is close to the order of magnitude of the laminar entrance length of Newtonian fluids. Dimensionless heat transfer coefficients of the viscoelastic non-Newtonian fluids may be represented as a function of flow behavior index n and newly defined viscoelastic Graetz number. As degradation continues viscosity and the characteristic relaxation time of the testing fluids decrease and heat transfer coefficients increase. The characteristic relaxation time is used to define the Weissenberg number and variations of friction factors and heat transfer coefficients due to degradation are presented in terms of the Weissenberg number.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.489-496
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• 1995

Artemisia messes-schmidiana var viridis(Compositae) has been used for jaundice, hepatitis, diuretic and liver cirrhosis etc. 1-naphthylisothiocyanate(ANIT) has been used as a model compound to study mechanisms of intrahepatic cholestasis in laboratory animals as rat and mouse. The purposes of present study are to examine pharmacological effects of Artemisia messes-schmidiana var viridis water extract(AMWE) on alterations of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, protein, albumin and A/G ratio levels in serum, of histopathological appearances of liver, and that of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 contents. Increased serum triacylglycerol levels by ANIT were significantly decreased with AMWE. However, AMWE posttreatment aggravated ANIT-induced cholesterol increase. Serum total protein and albumin contents, and A/G ratio were decreased in all ANIT-treated groups, and there were increased compared with control by AMWE posttreatment. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 contents were decreased in either AMWE and ANIT treatment, which greatly increased with AMWE pretreatment. On the other hand, in histological findings, our results shown that ANIT induced increase of lipid droplets and widening of sinusoidal capillary and these phenomena were disappeared with AMWE treatment. In conclusion, AMWE have choleresis effect. Also, AMWE improved lipid metabolism, protection and regeneration of hepatocytes in ANIT-induced cholestasis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.199-203
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• 1998

Acute hemodynamic effects of CJ-18513, a non-peptide angiotensin IIreceptor antagonist, were examined in mongrel dogs treated with high frequency ventricular pacing for one week. Rapid ventricular pacing reduced mean blood pressure (mBP), Lvdp/dt and cardiac output (CO), and increased the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). Continuous infusion of CJ-10513 at doses of 10 and 20$\mu$g/kg/min, respectively, for 30 minutes reduced mBP, LVEDP and myocardial oxygen consumption rate (MVO,) and shifted the cardiac function curve (CO-LVEDP ourve) to the left in this dog model. In conclusion, CJ-10513 decreased the preload and afterload and increased the cardiac function in dogs with pacing-induced heart failure.