• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.45-67
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• 2021

In this paper, a mathematical dynamical system involving both deterministic (with or without delay) and stochastic "SIR" epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate in a continuous reactor is considered. A profound qualitative analysis is given. It is proved that, for both deterministic models, if ��d > 1, then the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. However, if ��d ≤ 1, then the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Concerning the stochastic model, the Feller's test combined with the canonical probability method were used in order to conclude on the long-time dynamics of the stochastic model. The results improve and extend the results obtained for the deterministic model in its both forms. It is proved that if ��s > 1, the disease is stochastically permanent with full probability. However, if ��s ≤ 1, then the disease dies out with full probability. Finally, some numerical tests are done in order to validate the obtained results.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.354-363
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between characteristics of severe ALS patient-caregiver couples and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in family caregivers. Methods: The participants in this study were 89 pairs of ALS patients using ventilators and a family caregiver. The characteristics of the ALS patients and caregivers, Korean-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised, Zarit Burden Interview and SF-36 were measured in this study. The data were collected from August 2008 to April 2009. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and canonical correlation were used for data analysis. Results: The physical component summary and mental component summary of the HRQoL score for family caregivers were $147.49{\pm}31.63$ and $129.09{\pm}35.83$, respectively. HRQoL for caregivers was related to characteristics of the ALS patient-caregiver couples, such as patient's gender, caregiver's age, gender, marital status, daily time spent in caregiving and burden with one significant canonical variable. The significant variate showed that the lower the age, the time spent in caregiving and the burden of caregivers, the higher the HRQoL of caregivers. Conclusion: The support systems for caregivers considering caregiver characteristics such as demographics and burden should be implemented to improve the HRQoL of caregivers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.478-487
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to find out how the characteristics of healthy lifestyle and wine selection influence each other, and how healthy life and wine selection themselves influence the overall satisfaction of wine. The data collected for this study was taken from a sample of 285 persons during the period of August 29, 2013 to September 29, 2013. Extrapolating from the data, three different characteristics of a healthy lifestyle were identified: health confidence, health sensibility and a desire for good health. Three different characteristics of wine selection were also identified: wine label, wine experience and wine recommendation. The relations of influence between healthy lifestyle and wine selecting attributes were analysed through canonical correlation and regression analysis. This report concludes that healthy lifestyle and wine selection strongly influence each other and their combination has a significant influence on the satisfaction of wine. Among the different healthy lifestyle characteristics identified, the desire for good health was the primary factor that significantly influenced wine satisfaction. With regard to wine selection, the label of wine and experience of wine were the primary factors that significantly influenced wine satisfaction.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.263-269
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• 2015

Digital watermarking is imperceptible and statistically undetectable information embeds into digital data. Most information in digital audio watermarking schemes have used binary random sequences. The embedded binary random sequence distorts and modifies the original data while it plays a vital role in security. In this paper, a binary random sequence to improve imperceptibility in perceptual region of the human auditory system is proposed. The basic idea of this work is a modification of a binary random sequence according to the frequency analysis of adjacent binary digits that have different signs in the sequence. The canonical signed digit code (CSDC) is also applied to modify a general binary random sequence and the pair-matching function between original and its modified version. In our experiment, frequency characteristics of the proposed binary random sequence was evaluated and analyzed by Bark scale representation of frequency and frequency gains.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.873-876
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• 2012

Ionic liquids (ILs) existing in the liquid ion form under standard conditions show a unique properties. 1-10-Alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide ([C10mim][Br]) is one of the ILs that shows amphiphilic characteristics under specific conditions. This property enables it to function as a surfactant, and therefore, it finds applications in a wide range of areas. In this study, we tried to predict the behavior, especially the aggregation aspect, of [C10mim][Br] in an aqueous solution using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The canonical (NVT) ensemble was used to relax the system and trace the trajectory of atoms. Several case studies were simulated and the interaction among [C10mim]+, [Br]-, and water was analyzed using the radial distribution function of each atom. The density distribution function was also used for the structural analysis of the entire system. We used the Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) code for the present MD simulations.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of mothers' recognition of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), parenting stress and family support in mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD. Methods: The data were collected from December 24, 2009 to July 23, 2010. The participants were 141 mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD and who lived in D city. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS 17.0 were used to analyze the data. To determine the most effective variable (mothers' recognition, parenting stress and family support) to predict parental stress, data were analyzed using canonical correlation with SAS 9.1 TS. Results: Canonical correlation analysis revealed that professional and teachers' roles of the 3 sub-domains of mothers' recognition were the most outstanding variables in predicting parenting stress. Parental distress/parent-child dysfunctional interaction of parenting stress was the most outstanding variable in predicting both mothers' recognition and family support. Spouse cooperation in family support was the most outstanding variable in predicting parenting stress. Conclusion: The results suggest that strengthening parents' recognition of ADHD and supporting interventions are important for reducing parenting stress. Professional and teachers' roles, parental distress/parent-child dysfunctional interaction and spouse cooperation should be included in the contents of structured programs.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

Molecular simulation was performed to evaluate the possibility of hydrogen storage of carbon nanotubes. The equilibrium state of hydrogen adsorbed on carbon nanotubes was simulated by grand canonical Monte Carlo method at constant temperature and pressure. The interaction energy between hydrogen molecule and carbon nanotube was calculated by Lennard-Jones potential model. According to the interaction energy calculated, more hydrogen molecules were adsorbed on the inside than the outside of nanotubes. Whereas the adsorption strength was higher outside than inside. Adsorption capacity was investigated for various temperature and pressure. The maximum capacity of carbon nanotube for hydrogen storage was 2.5wt% at 200 K and 200 bar.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.148-155
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• 2021

Gibberellins (GAs) are essential phytohormones for plant growth that influence developmental processes and crop yields. Recent functional genomic analyses of model plants have yielded good characterizations of the canonical GA signaling pathways and related genes. Although Panax ginseng has long been considered to have economic and medicinal importance, functional genomic studies of the GA signaling pathways in this crucial perennial herb plant have been rarely conducted. Here, we identified and performed functional analysis of the GA signaling-related genes, including PgGID1s, PgSLY1s, and PgRGAs. We confirmed that the physiological role of GA signaling components in P. ginseng was evolutionarily conserved. In addition, the important functional domains and amino acid residues for protein interactions among active GA, GID1, SCF^SLY1, and RGA were also functionally conserved. Prediction and comparison of crystallographic structural similarities between PgGID1s and AtGID1a supported their function as GA receptors. Moreover, the subcellular localization and GA-dependent promotion of DELLA degradation in P. ginseng was similar to the canonical GA signaling pathways in other plants. Finally, we found that overexpression of PgRGA2 and PgSLY1-1 was sufficient to complement the GA-related phenotypes of atgid1a/c double- and rga quintuple-mutants, respectively. This critical information for these GA signaling genes has the potential to facilitate future genetic engineering and breeding of P. ginseng for increased crop yield and production of useful substances.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.13-25
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• 2017

To reconstruct the paleo-temperature quantitatively and to overcome limitation of traditional qualitative pollen analysis, this study was performed pollen analysis using the modern surface soil at Yulha-dong, Gimhae-si of southeastern part of Korean peninsula. Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) was done to identify the most important environment variable about composition of modern surface pollen sample. Also, Weighted Average-Partial Least Square(WA-PLS) was analyzed to obtain modern surface pollen-temperature transfer function. The transfer function was applied to the results of qualitative fossil pollen analysis at Yulha-dong, Gimhae-si, Sampyung-ri, Ulsan-si and Taewha-dong, Ulsan-si. Therefore, the paleo-temperature was reconstructed during the Holocene since 6,200 yr BP. According to the results of the research, it is $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C$ lower than the current average annual temperature at the study area in 6,200 yr BP, since then it increased to the same level to the current temperature and decreased again until 2,600 yr BP. From the 2,600 yr BP, the temperature was fluctuated to the present.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.298-304
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• 1996

Thirty-nine samples of roasted sesame seed oils were sensorially evaluated in terms of nutty odor, burnt odor and overall desirability, and their volatile compounds quantitatively analysed using direct sampling capillary GLC. Five volatile compounds were appeared to be significant for the sensory Properties of sesame oils through the multivariate analytical techniques such as stepwise discriminant analysis. canonical discriminant analysis, discriminant analysis and principal component analysis. The most important compounds were 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2-methylpyrazine which could be effectively used as chemical indicators related to nutty and burnt odor of sesame oils, respectively. The sesame oils which have represented a good grade of overall desirability have been always kept $35.82{\sim}4.43$ ppm of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and also $28.90{\sim}6.35$ ppm of 2-methylpyrazine.