• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.985-993
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate increasing doses of a novel microbial phytase (Cibenza Phytaverse, Novus International, St. Charles, MO, USA) on standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in canola meal (CM), corn, corn-derived distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), rice bran (RB), sorghum, soybean meal (SBM), sunflower meal (SFM), and wheat. Methods: Two cohorts of 36 pigs each (initial body weight = $78.5{\pm}3.7kg$) were randomly assigned to 2 rooms, each housing 36 pigs, and then allotted to 6 diets with 6 replicates per diet in a randomized complete block design. Test ingredient was the only dietary source of P and diets contained 6 concentrations of phytase (0, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 phytase units [FTU]/kg) with 0.4% of $TiO_2$ as a digestibility marker. Feeding schedule for each ingredient was 5 d acclimation, 5 d fecal collection, and 4 d washout. The STTD of P increased (linear or exponential $p{\leq}0.001$) with the inclusion of phytase for all ingredients. Results: Basal STTD of P was 37.6% for CM, 37.6% for corn, 68.6% for DDGS, 10.3% for RB, 41.2% for sorghum, 36.7% for SBM, 26.2% for SFM, and 55.1% for wheat. The efficiency of this novel phytase to hydrolyze phytate is best described with a broken-line model for corn, an exponential model for CM, RB, SBM, SFM, and wheat, and a linear model for DDGS and sorghum. Based on best-fit model the phytase dose (FTU/kg) needed for highest STTD of P (%), respectively, was 735 for 64.3% in CM, 550 for 69.4% in corn, 160 for 55.5% in SBM, 1,219 for 57.8% in SFM, and 881 for 64.0% in wheat, whereas a maximum response was not obtained for sorghum, DDGS and RB within the evaluated phytase range of 0 to 2,000 FTU/kg. These differences in the phytase concentration needed to maximize the STTD of P clearly indicate that the enzyme does not have the same hydrolysis efficiency among the evaluated ingredients. Conclusion: Variations in enzyme efficacy to release P from phytate in various feedstuffs need to be taken into consideration when determining the matrix value for phytase in a mixed diet, which likely depends on the type and inclusion concentration of ingredients used in mixed diets for pigs. The use of a fixed P matrix value across different diet types for a given phytase concentration is discouraged as it may result in inaccurate diet formulation.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.137-144
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• 2012

This study was conducted to determine the effect of feed additives including probiotics, moisture and feed ingredients and the effect of fermented feed on digestibility and volatile fatty acid (VFA) level in finishing pigs. Feed was mixed with microbials including Saccharomyces, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Pediococcus together with different levels of probiotics, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3%. Addition of probiotics showed improved fermentation rate after 48 h incubation. To determine the optimal moisture level for fermentation, different levels of water, 30, 40, 50 and 60%, were added into the feed. Fermentation rate of feed with 40~50% moisture level was higher than that from 60% level at 60 h post-fermentation. In vitro fermentation rate of feed ingredients was analyzed by comparing VFA levels. Beet pulp and tapioca showed higher fermentation rate compare to other ingredients including canola meal or rapeseed meal. To determine the effect of administration of fermented feed In vivo, feces from finishing pigs were analyzed. Finishing pigs administrated with fermented feed showed improved digestibility and higher volatile fatty acid (VFA) level. In conclusion, results from the current study indicate that 40~50% of moisture with addition of beet pulp and tapioca in feed is optimal condition for fermentation. Furthermore, our data suggest that fermentation of feed can improve the feed quality and digestibility, thereby provide more nutrient in finishing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1149-1156
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• 2001

Previous studies conducted with swine have reported that the mobile nylon bag technique (MNBT) does not always accurately predict in vivo nutrient digestibilities. Therefore, in this study, the MNBT was modified so that nutrient digestibilities would more closely resemble those from conventional (Con) digestibility studies obtained using the indicator method. A total of 19 feeds were tested including five cereal grains, five legumes, three high protein sources and six mixed diets. The principle changes to the MNBT included the use of a fecal collection harness which minimized the number of bags lost. In addition, previous protocols involved pooling of bags within pig while in the present experiment all bags were analyzed separately to increase the precision of the test. Finally, chemical analyses were done using the entire nylon bag plus residue rather than opening.the bags and scraping out the contents. With the exception of the barley sample (p=0.01), dry matter digestibility (DMD) coefficients obtained with the MNBT were not significantly different from those obtained with the indicator method. The linear regression equation relating the MNBT to the indicator method was Con DMD=-O.77+1.02 MNBT DMD ($r^2=0.93$: p<0.0001). There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in gross energy digestibility (GED) coefficients determined using the MNBT or the indicator method for any of the 19 feeds. The regression line equation relating the MNBT to the indicator method was Con GED=-5.68+1.06 MNBT GED ($r^2=0.94$: p<0.0001). The MNBT was less effective in predicting in vivo crude protein digestibility (CPD) than it was in predicting dry matter and energy digestibility. Differences greater than five percentage units were observed for two of the legumes, Kabuli chickpeas (p=0.02) and the extruded pea-canola seed mixture (p=0.01) as well as for three of the mixed diets including the unheated hulled barley-based diet (p=0.01), the unheated hulless-barley based diet (p=0.08) and the barley-soybean meal based diet (p=0.008). The regression equation relating the MNBT to the indicator method was Con CPD=5.75 + 0.90 MNBT CPO ($r^2=0.76$; p<0.0001). This study indicates that the modified MNBT can be used for the rapid determination of dry matter and energy digestibility in a wide variety of ingredients. For the measurement of crude protein digestibility, the technique produces results similar to conventional digestibility studies for cereal grains and high protein feeds but tends to overestimate protein digestibility for legumes and mixed diets.