• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.438-445
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• 2010

The immunomodulatory effects of Aureohasidium pullulans SM-2001 exopolymers containing $\beta$-1,3/1,6-glucan were evaluated in cyclophosphamide (CPA)-treated mice. To induce immunosuppression, 150 and 110 mg/kg of CPA were intraperitoneally injected 3 days and 1 day, respectively, before beginning administration of the test material. Exopolymers were delivered subcutaneously or orally, four times, in a volume of 10 ml/kg at 12-h intervals beginning 24 h after the second CPA treatment. Changes in thymus and spleen weights, splenic amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and IL-10, and numbers of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and TNF-$\alpha+$ thymus and spleen cells were monitored in CPA-treated mice. As a result of CPA treatment, dramatic decreases in the number of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and TNF-$\alpha+$ cells were detected in the thymus and spleen, along with decreases in thymus and spleen weights. In addition, splenic TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-10 contents were also decreased on observation with flow cytometry. However, oral and subcutaneous treatments with exopolymers effectively reduced the immunosuppressive changes induced by CPA. Therefore, it is concluded that exopolymers of A. pullulans SM-2001 can effectively prevent immunosuppression through, at least partially, the recruitment of T cells and TNF-$\alpha+$ cells or enhancement of their activity, and can provide an effective component of prevention or treatment regimens for immunosuppression related to cancer, sepsis, and high-dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2008

There are accumulating evidences that high levels of dietary iron may play a role in colon carcinogenesis. Elevated iron status has been associated with oxidative stress. Phytic acid (PA) functions as an antioxidant by chelating divalent cations and prevents formation of reactive oxygen species responsible for cell injury and carcinogenesis. The protective effect of PA was investigated on formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in iron-overloaded male F344 rats. After acclimation with AIN-93G purified diet (35 ppm Fe, normal control diet) for one week, animals were fed iron-overloaded diet (350 ppm Fe) and PA (0.5% or 2% PA in water) for 8 weeks. Animals received two (1st and 2nd week) injections of AOM (15 mg/kg b.w.) to induce colonic ACF. The colonic mucosa was examined for the total numbers of aberrant crypt (AC) and ACF after staining with methylene blue. The blood and serum were analyzed with a blood cell differential counter and an automatic serum analyzer. Iron-overloaded diet increased the concentration of iron in liver of the rats. But iron-related parameters in blood were not changed among experimental groups. The numbers of ACF per colon and AC per colon were $178.8{\pm}33.2$ and $448.4{\pm}110.2$ in the iron-overloaded F344 rats. The total AC was significantly increased, compared with normal-diet AOM control group (p < 0.05). The treatments of PA at the dose of 0.5% slightly decreased the number of ACF and AC per colon to $153.6{\pm}29.5$ and $396.3{\pm}107.5$. However, there were no significant differences in the total numbers of ACF and AC between the AOM control group and PA (0.5% or 2%)-treated groups. These results suggest that PA may not affect the formation of ACF or AC induced by AOM in ironoverloaded F344 rats.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.539-547
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• 2016

본 증례에서는 한방치료를 받은 두 명의 골수이형성증후군 환자를 통하여 골수이형성증후군에 대한 한방치료의 효과를 보여주고자 하였다. 골수이형성증후군은 골수의 증식과 구성 세포들의 이형성, 비효율적인 조혈을 특징으로 하는 골수의 악성 종양이다. 현재까지 골수이형성증후군에 대한 완벽한 치료법은 없으며 골수이형성증후군의 증상을 경감시키거나 급성 골수성 백혈병으로의 진행을 막는 목적으로 치료가 이뤄지고 있다. 첫 번째 환자는 1차성 골수이형성증후군 환자로 2011년 1월부터 2016년 현재까지 꾸준히 침 치료 및 한약치료를 받고 있다. 두 번째 환자는 난소암 치료를 위한 항암화학요법의 부작용으로 생긴 2차성 골수이형성증후군 환자로 2010년 10월부터 4년간 꾸준한 한약 복용 및 3번의 입원치료를 받은 환자이다. 침 치료, 한약 치료와 함께 환자들의 상태를 평가하기 위해 정기적인 혈액검사가 이루어졌다. 골수이형성증후군 진단 후 두 달에 한 번씩 수혈을 받으며 수혈 의존 경향을 보이던 첫 번째 환자는 한방치료 후 단 두 번의 수혈밖에 받지 않았고 급성골수성백혈병으로 진행하지도 않았으며 건강한 몸 상태를 유지하고 있다. 두 번째 환자 역시 꾸준한 한방치료를 통해 비교적 좋은 삶의 질을 유지하며 기본 체력 또한 많이 상승되면서 골수 이식을 받을 정도까지 몸 상태가 개선되었다. 본 증례보고는 마땅한 치료법이 없는 골수이형성증후군 환자들에게 한방 치료가 특별한 부작용 없이 환자들이 호소하는 증상을 개선하고 기본적인 체력 증진에 도움이 되며 급성 골수성 백혈병으로의 진행을 예방하는 동시에 기존의 보존적 치료법의 효과를 극대화 시키는 효과가 있음을 보여주는 증례라고 하겠다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2000

Menopausal women experience urogenitory and vasomotor symptoms with increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases, which can be reduced by hormone replacement therapy. However unopposed estrogen therapy has been associated with an increased risk of endometrial hypeiplasia or cancer. The objectives of this study were to compare effects of continuous vs. sequential hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on lipid profile, bone mineral density and menopausal symptoms of postmenopausal women and to assess how they perceive the menopause and HRT culturally. In this retrospective study, women in menopause longer than 6 months, normal in the mam-mogram and Papanicolaou smear, cholesterol level lower than 190 mg/dL or triglyceride level lower 4han 500 mg/dL were treated with Srogen (conjugated equine estrogen 0.625 mg tablet) and Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5 mg tablet) for continuous treatment(CT) or Cycloprogynova (Estradiol valerate 2 mg and Norgestrel 0.5 mg complex tablet) for sequential treatment(ST). They were evaluated for lipid profile, bone mineral density, menopausal symptoms, side effects and their perception of menopause and HRT. As results, total sixty-seven patients out of ninety-four enrollees were included in final analysis (33 in continuous therapy, 34 in sequential therapy). There were significant decrease in total cholesterol ($15.04\pm3.17$, p=0.0001), LDL ($19.72\pm3.27$, p=0.0001), and increase in HDL ($5.89\pm1.63$, p=0.0001). Bone minora) density increased significantly with HRT ($0.02\pm0.11$, p=0.0001). But, there were no significant differences in change of lipid profile between continuous and sequential therapy: Total cholesterol, $13.12\pm4.7\;vs.\;16.91\pm4.3;\;LDL\;20.53\pm4.1\;vs.\;18.93\pm5.12:HDL\;7.15\pm2.3\;vs.\;4.67\pm2.2,\;p>0.05$. Incidences of flush reduced from $75\%\;(CT)\;to\;3.13\%\;and\;71.88\%\;(ST)\;to\;9.35\%$. The change of endometrium and breast were found 3 (CT) and 5 (ST) women, respectively. Most of women recognized that HRT is necessary $(70\%)$ for postmenopausal period but did not understand well the cardiovascular protective effect. In conclusion, hormone replacement therapy was effective in improving lipid profile, bone mineral density and menopausal symptoms in both continuous and sequential treatments with similar efficacy.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2007

안와 림프종의 치료에 가장 효과적인 치료법인 방사선 치료는 안구 질환의 증가로 인해 계속 늘어나는 추세이다. 항암화학요법과 치료 기술의 비약적인 발전으로 치료 및 예후가 좋아지고는 있지만 백내장, 안구건조, 망막병증 등의 부작용이 발생되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 안와 림프종의 방사선치료 시 백내장 발생의 방어수단으로써 Lens Shielding Device(이하 LSD)를 고안 제작하였고 이의 제작방법과 방사선 차폐 정도에 대해 알아보았다. 안구 표면에 해당하는 깊이에서 TLD의 측정결과는 3개의 평균값이 5.7%로 나타났고 관심부위인 수정체의 위치에서는 TLD 4.2%, markus chamber 5.1%의 선량값을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 안와에 발생한 림프종의 방사선 치료로 인한 부작용을 예방하기 위해 제작한 LSD는 치료 중 조사받게 되는 총 30Gy의 선량 중에서 5%에 해당하는 약 1.5Gy의 방사선량만이 수정체와 각막에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되어 백내장의 역치선량인 2Gy와 임상적으로 백내장이 발생된다고 보고된 5Gy보다 적은 선량이 조사됨을 알 수 있었다. 방사선 치료 시 발생할 수 있는 여러 부작용의 예방에 유용한 기구임을 확인하였고 환자의 안구와 일치되도록 개인별로 제작하여 착용 시 이물감에 의한 불편을 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 치료 시 고정 또한 매우 용이함을 검증하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.330-343
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• 1997

Extraoral maxillofacial prostheses are essential for restoring facial structures that are lost as a result of congenital missing, injuries from accidents, surgical treatments of head and neck cancer. Recently, silicone is the most useful material for this purpose and is more advantageous than other maxillofacial prosthetic materials. However, there are some problems for long-term usage of silicone prostheses due to tear and color change. These are major contributing environmental factors to those problems that are such as ultraviolet light, cleansing agents, changes in humidity and successive adhesion and removal. The aim of this study is to evaluate the physical properties and color changes of maxillofacial prosthetic silicone material by those environmental factors using A-2186 silicone material (Factor II, USA) and two pigments, cadmium yellow medium and cosmetic red. Aluminium molds were fabricated according to the ASTM No. D412 & D624 specifications and resulted specimens from molds were fabicated and treated as follows. Control group and experimental I group were fabricated with 0.1% wt. pigment mixing in silicone elastomer and II-1 group, II-2 group of experimental II group were fabricated with 0.2%, 0.3% wt. pigment mixing in silicone elastomer, respectively. Control group was kept in darkroom at room temperature, I-1 group was kept under natural sunlight during 1week, I-2 group was soaked in 20% soap water during 1wk. I-3 group was successively adhered and removed 200 times on inner region of arm using Daro adhesive-33. Experimental II groups were kept in darkroom at room temperature. Instron universal testing machine was used to measure the % elongation, tensile strength, tear strength of control, experimental I, II groups and reflectance spectrophotometer(COLOR EYE-3000, Macbeth, USA) was used to measure the color differences between control group and experimental I group. The results were as follows : 1. When compared with control group, natural weathering group and 20% soap-water soaking group had no significant differences in % elongation(p>0.05). 2. 200 times successive adhesion and removal group, 0.2% wt. pigment group and 0.3% wt. pigment group had significant decreases in % elongation(p<0.05). 3. Natural weathering group, 20% soap-water soaking group and 200 times successive adhesion and removal group had no significant differences in tensile strength (p>0.05). 4. 0.2%, 0.3% wt. pigment groups had significant decreases in tensile strength(p<0.05). 5. Values of all experimental groups were decreased in tear strength. and 200 times successive adhesion and removal group had significant decrease in tear strength(p<0.05). 6. Natural weathering group and 20% soap-water soaking group had significant color differences(${\Delta}E$) and it could be detectable to naked eye(p<0.05). 7. Color differences between control group and 200 times adhesion and removal group were not detectable to the naked eye (${\Delta}E<1.0$).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2007

Objectives : Little is known about the physician-related factors that are associated with the management of Hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the physician-related factors associated with blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Methods : We surveyed 154 physicians at 117 public health (subhealth) centers in Gyeonggi-do, Forty-one physicians completed the survey (response rates : 26.6%) and 31 physicians were finally included as the study subjects. Using the information obtained from the self-reported survey, we measured the physician-related factors associated with hypertension control, including their perception of hypertension, prescription patterns (combination prescription rates, specific antihypertensives prescription rates among patients with diabetes mellitus), and sociodemographic factors. We then collected data on blood pressure and medication use in patients seen by these physicians from the health center#s information system. We compared the physicians# perceived hypertension control rates with the actual rates, and then evaluated the rate of high overestimation (overestimation by more than 25% of the median degree of hypertension control rate overestimation) among the physicians. The physicians# antihypertensive prescription patterns were also evaluated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent association between hypertension control and physician-related factors. Results : The physicians tended to overestimate the proportion of their patients with controlled blood pressure (79.5% perceived vs. 57.8% actual). The percentage of physicians with high overestimation was 35.5% (11 physicians). The physicians with lower control rates were more likely to highly overestimate their patients# control rates. Physicians with below-median actual control rates tended to prescribe fewer combination treatments for patients with uncontrolled blood pressure and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or fewer angiotensin receptor blockers for patients with diabetes mellitus. The rate of high overestimation by physicians was 1.31 times higher in patients with uncontrolled blood pressure than in patients with other conditions (OR=1.31, 95% CI : 1.17-1.48). Conclusions : Physicians have a tendency to overestimate the rates of hypertension control in their patients. Because physicians have a direct role in treatment outcomes, physicians# overestimation about hypertension management contributes to inadequate blood pressure control. Thus, interventions for improving physician# awareness regarding the management of patients with hypertension are needed.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.118-122
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• 1993

전이성 분화갑상선암을 치료할 목적으로 사용된 $^{131}I$에 의한 염색체 손상여부를 검정하기 위하여 치료 전후의 자매염색분체교환(SCE)의 빈도 및 말초혈액의 백혈구수를 정상대조군과 환자군에서 조사하였다. 1) 정상인으로 설정한 대조군에 있어서의 자매염색분체교환 빈도수가 $3.8{\pm}0.4$인데 비하여 $^{131}I$ 투여전의 SCE 빈도가 $4.2{\pm}0.7$으로 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.17). 2) $^{131}I$ 투여후 2일째 SCE 빈도는 $7.9{\pm}0.8$으로 치료전에 비해 유의하게 증가하였으며 (p<0.001), 9일째에는 $6.4{\pm}0.6$으로 2일째에 비해서는 유의하게 감소하였으나(p=0.002), 치료전에 비해서는 아직도 유의하게 높았다 (P<0.001). 3) 같은 기간동안 백혈구의 수는 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 결과적으로, $^{131}I$ 치료후 염색분체의 손상은 일어나며, 서서히 회복되나 1주일 이내에는 완전한 회복을 보이지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2018

단삼의 성분인 salvianolic acid B는 다양한 생리활성이 알려져 있다. 특히 항산화 효과는 간세포, 신경세포를 포함한 다양한 세포유형에서 보호효과가 있다고 보고되었다. 하지만 ferulic acid와 같이 항산화제로 여겨지는 몇몇 페놀성 물질은 특정 전이 금속이 있으면 산화작용을 하며 이것이 항암 효능을 설명하기도 한다. 본 실험에서 salvianolic acid B가 $Cu^{2+}$ 환경에서 산화작용을 하는지 알아보았다. salvianolic acid B와 $Cu^{2+}$를 동시 처리하면 supercoilded 형태의 DNA가 open circular 혹은 linear 형태로 바뀌었으나 salvianolic acid B 혹은 $Cu^{2+}$를 단독 처리 했을 때는 그렇지 않았다. $Cu^+$에만 특정적인 킬레이터 neocuproine을 이용하여 salvianolic acid B가 $Cu^{2+}$를 $Cu^+$로 환원시킴을 알았으며 $H_2O_2$를 물과 산소로 분해하는 catalase를 처리하면 DNA 분해가 일어나지 않았다. 활성산소종 중 하나인 $H_2O_2$는 생체분자 특히 DNA를 공격하여 정상기능을 수행하지 못하게 한다. 정리하면 salvianolic acid B에 의한 $Cu^{2+}$의 환원은 $H_2O_2$를 생성하며 $H_2O_2$는 DNA 분해를 일으킨다. 이런 결과는 salvianolic aicd B의 항암효과가 salvianolic acid의 $H_2O_2$ 생성 때문일 수 있다는 작은 단서를 줄 수 있으며 이는 좀 더 실험이 이뤄져야 한다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2017

Objectives: Exercise with partially restricted blood flow is a low-load, low-intensity resistance training regimen which may have the potential to increase muscle strength in the obese, elderly and frail who are unable to do high-load training. Restricted blood flow exercise has also been shown to affect blood vessel function variably and can, therefore, contribute to blood vessel dysfunction. This pilot study tests the hypothesis that unilateral resistance training of the leg extensors with partially restricted blood flow increases muscle strength and decreases vascular autoregulation. Methods: The subjects were nine normotensive, overweight, young adult African-Americans with low cardiorespiratory fitness who underwent unilateral training of the quadriceps' femoris muscles with partially restricted blood flow at 30% of the 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) load for 3 weeks. The 1-RM load and post-occlusion blood flow to the lower leg (calf) were measured during reactive hyperemia. Results: The 1-RM load increased in the trained legs from $77{\pm}3$ to $84{\pm}4 kg$ (P < 0.05) in the absence of a significant effect on the 1-RM load in the contralateral untrained legs (P > 0.1). Post-occlusion blood flow decreased significantly in the trained legs from $19{\pm}2$ to $13{\pm}2mL{\cdot}min^{-1}{\cdot}dL^{-1}$ (P < 0.05) and marginally in the contralateral untrained legs from $18{\pm}2$ to $16{\pm}1mL{\cdot}min^{-1}{\cdot}dL^{-1}$ (P = 0.09). Changes in post-occlusion blood flow to the skin overlying the trained and the contralateral untrained muscles were not significant. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that restricted blood flow exercise, which results in significant gains in muscle strength, may produce decrements in endothelial dysfunction and vascular autoregulation. Future studies should determine whether pharmacopuncture plays a role in treatments for such blood vessel dysfunction.