• 벤처창업연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2017

본 연구의 목표는 한국정부(외교부)의 국제개발협력 중점협력국가 24개국 중에서 캄보디아, 몽골, 네팔, 페루 그리고 르완다 대학생들을 대상으로 한 설문조사 결과를 통해 문화적 변수인 불확실성 회피성이 개도국 5개국의 잠재적 기업가적 지향성에 미치는 영향 사례로 비교분석하는 것이다. 또한 5개국 응답자들의 성별 분석을 통해 남녀 응답자들의 기업가적 지향성의 정도를 비교하고 성별 기업가 지향성이 문화적 변수에 어떤 영향을 받고 있는지를 살펴본다. 본 사례 비교연구를 실시하기에 앞서 5개국 대학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 질문은 개인의 기업가적 지향성을 측정하기 위하여 내재적 통제력(Locus of Control)과 혁신성(Innovativeness)을 묻는 세부 질문을 만들었고, 문화적 요인을 측정하기 위해서는 불확실성 회피성(Uncertainty Avoidance)의 정도를 묻는 질문을 만들어 설문을 실시하였다. 기존의 연구들과는 달리 이번 사례 비교연구에서는 불확실성 회피성이 높을수록 기업가적 지향성도 더 높게 나타났으며, 이는 성별 분석에서도 동일했다. 한편 남성 응답자들의 기업가적 지향성이 여성 응답자들에 비해 높게 나타나고 있다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.37-37
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• 2012

The study aims to evaluate the complexity of relationships between the riparian states - China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia - in the Mekong River Basin since the mid-1990s with special reference to the discourse on hydropower development. A special emphasis will be put on the influence of China on hydropower development. Although a variety of issues on the river basin have been discussed among the riparian states, none of them has been effectively implemented owing to the lack of China's commitment to the discussions for sustainable water management. Now, a new turning point is observed in the region with emergence of the issue on hydropower development, not only in the upper basin but also in the lower basin. The discourse on hydropower in Mekong has quickly drawn attention of the public, accelerated by the onset of construction of the Xayabury Dam in Laos since November 2010. The influence of China as the upstream country with its political, economic, and military power has increasingly grown in the region over the last few decades, and such trend recently intensifies together with an expansion of Chinese commercial interests in the region. Since the establishment of the Mekong River Commission (MRC) in 1995, the four MRC members have striven to push forward a sustainable use of water resources in the basin. But the legitimacy of the MRC system has been eroded due to the lack of participation by Myanmar and China, and in particular, the Chinese absence has made the four riparian states blind about the change of water regime due to the Chinese dams upstream. Environmental damages due to hydropower development might be possible, including a drop of fish yields, crop production, and damages to the river's ecosystems. Vietnam and Cambodia have already expressed their concerns over the dam construction towards China as well as Laos by pointing out detrimental impacts of the dams to their economies. China's move to collaborate with the other riparian states since 2010 has given a positive signal in terms of sustainable water management in the river. However, this phenomenon never confirms China's proactive contribution to the cooperative activities within the framework of the MRC system. Laos' initiative to build a new dam in the lower basin alarms those who are opposed to dam construction in the fear of its far-reaching damages to the environment. The question goes back to the year-long debate on policy priorities given to economic growth or the environment. The riparian states require wisdom based on a consensus about sustainable water use rather than hydropower development based on individual growth dreams.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.145-171
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• 2018

라오스의 2017년은 정치적 '정체'와 경제적 '변화'가 혼재한 1년이다. 정치 분야는 부패지수(CPI)가 개선되는 등의 성과에도 불구하고 지속적인 개혁 여부의 성과는 지켜봐야 한다. 외교적으로 중국의 영향력은 더욱 증가할 것으로 보이며, 특히 2017년 11월 시진핑(Xi Jinping) 국가 주석이 라오스를 방문한 이후 경제회랑과 란창-메콩회의 협력회의(Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Meeting)의 틀은 더욱 강화될 것으로 전망된다. 다른 접경국인 아세안 국가와는 우호적 관계를 지속해왔지만 캄보디아의 총선에 따른 라오스-캄보디아 국경 문제 이슈는 잠재된 위험 요소이다. 경제 부문은 대형 인프라 건설로 인한 자본 유입과 관광 산업의 호조로 높은 성장률이 유지되었지만, 재정 경상수지의 적자와 같은 구조적 문제는 해결되어야 한다. 한국과 라오스는 2017년 3월 메콩고위관리회의, 9월 한-라오스 외교장관회의를 통해 양국간의 포괄적 협력을 논의하였다. 라오스는 한국의 ODA 원조 8위(무상)를 차지하고 있으며 향후에도 ODA는 양국의 중요한 외교적 협력 채널이 될 것이다. 경제관계에 있어 무역 부문은 감소 추세이지만 투자와 인적교류는 지속적으로 증가하고 있다.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.197-221
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• 2018

2018년 캄보디아 총선에서 집권당인 캄보디아인민당이 76.78%를 득표하며 하원 125석 전체를 석권했다. 총선 전 강제 해산되어 선거에 참여할 수 없었던 캄보디아구국당은 선거 거부 운동으로 저항했고 캄보디아인민당은 투표 독려로 대응했다. 그 결과 2018년 총선은 투표율로써 선거의 정당성을 심판하는 선거가 되었는데, 투표율 82.89%는 캄보디아인민당에게 승리와 함께 선거의 부당성을 희석하는 성과도 제공했다. 캄보디아구국당 지지층의 표는 분산되었다. 약 60만 표의 무효표는 캄보디아인민당에 대한 반대를 의미하지만, 그 두배의 유권자들이 캄보디아인민당 지지로 선회함으로써 전체 결과를 부정하기에는 부족했다. 2013년 총선에서 정권교체의 위기를 경험한 캄보디아인민당은 안정적인 선거 승리와 정권 연장을 위해 총선 전 캄보디아구국당을 강제 해산하여 2018년 총선에서 경쟁을 제거하였다. 역대 총선을 통해 패권적 선거권위주의에서 경쟁적 선거권위주의로의 점진적 이행 궤적을 그리던 캄보디아의 정치체제는 2018년 총선을 통해 다시 패권적 선거권위주의로 퇴행하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.248-258
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to develop a reproductive health program to improve reproductive health of women immigrants. Methods: The participants in the study were 58 immigrant women who lived in Vietnam, China, Philippines, or Cambodia before marriage. They were assigned to the experiment group (n=29) or the control group (n=29). The reproductive health program for this study consisted of reproductive health education, health counseling, phone monitoring, and emotional support based on Cox (1982)'s Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior and was implemented for four weeks. Results: There were significant differences in reproductive health knowledge (t=9.78, p<.001), reproductive health attitude (t=6.59, p<.001), and reproductive health behavior (t=5.11, p<.001) within and between groups after the reproductive health program. But there were no significant differences in clinical indicators between the two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the that reproductive health program for the women immigrants is effective in terms of reproductive health knowledge, reproductive health attitude and reproductive health behaviors. Therefore, nurses in public and private facilities, such as multicultural centers and public health centers in each community, should develop strategies to expand and provide reproductive health programs for women immigrants.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2017

We surveyed Preah Pithu monument group site in Angkor. We made the map of present condition throughout the actual measurement and 3D scan. And we restored the floor plan, and completed the map of site placement. During this processing, we confirmed the middle axis of temples and studied the relation of temples and made clear the order of sites. Throughout this studying, we verified the middle axis of sites is not matched in Preah Pithu monument group. It is different aspect comparing with general Khmer religion architectures which were built with the planification belonging to strong royal authority and shared main axis through whole sites. In other words, we can estimate that Preah Pithu monument group was not built with planification rather than expanded as occasional demand during the process of actual use.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2016

Purpose - Considering industrialization development stages, an economic effect of ASEAN free trade agreement (FTA) on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into the ASEAN countries was analyzed. Research design, data, and methodology - utilizing macro-level panel data from 2001 to 2012, panel regression analysis was conducted with a model constructed based on the knowledge-capital model. Results - As for overall ASEAN countries, ASEAN FTA was positively effective to attract vertical FDI to this region, while horizontal FDI was dominant before ASEAN FTA. Meanwhile, for the diversified economy relevant to Singapore, ASEAN FTA was not effective to attract FDI. For the ongoing industrialization economy relevant to Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines, ASEAN FTA was negatively effective to attract FDI; ASEAN FTA became a strong incentive to replace foreign investments with trade transactions for the horizontal firms, but an influence of market potentials after ASEAN FTA, which induces to third-country effects such as export platform FDI, has increased. For the incipient industrialization economy relevant to Indonesia, Vietnam, and Cambodia, ASEAN FTA was positively effective to attract vertical FDI. Conclusions - The effectiveness of FTA on FDI inflows varied considerably by the industrialization development stages of host countries.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2002

Phellinus Iinteus from Cambodia was confirmed to have a homologous DNA sequencec to Phellinus Iinteus. Antitumor and immunomodulatory activities were evaluated with aquous extract of Cambodian Phellinus Iinteus(CPL). CPL didn't show any significant cytotoxicity on HT1080, Sarcoma 180 and B16BL6, whereas it inhibited the relaxation of DNA topoisomerase I from the concentration of 250ug/ml. In the pulmonary colonization assay it inhibited pulmonary metastasis by B16BL6 in C57BL6 mice to 36%, 36.9% and 55.5% at various doses of 2 mg, 20 mg and 50 mg. From FACS analysis with splenocytes pretreated with CPL, it significantly increased lymphoblast and induced production of IL-2. These results indicate Cambodian Phellinus Iinteus has antitumor and immunomodulatory activities still suggesting more study on its mechanism and effective compound in detail.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.169-191
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• 2012

This review paper describes the ambient air PAH concentrations in different developing Asian countries, including China, Afghanistan, India, Malaysia, Turkey, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Cambodia. In this study, more than 75 research papers published in the English literature were reviewed with respect to the seasonal and locational concentrations of PAHs in each of 9 different Asian countries. This study compared, discussed and tabulated the PAH concentrations in developing Asian countries over a one decade (2000-2011) period. The PAH concentrations measured in developing countries highlights the necessity to improve the air quality in those countries. Compared to the developed nations in Asia, developing countries are almost one decade away from implementing environmental policies, such as Euro standards. This review discusses the reasons for the high PAH concentrations in developing nations particularly in China and India. Based on the literature available, some suggestions are made to reduce the concentrations of PAHs in the ambient air of developing nations. The total data obtained from the literature survey is tabulated and presented as supplementary information at the end of the manuscript.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2017

The Mekong River plays an extremely important role in Southeast Asia. Flowing through six countries, including China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos PDR, Cambodia, and Vietnam, it is a site of great biological and ecological diversity and the habitat of numerous species of fish. It also supports a very large population that lives along the river basin. Therefore, much attention has been focused on the giant Mekong River Basin, particularly, its soil erosion and sedimentation problems. In fact, many methods have been used to calculate and simulate these problems. However, in the case of the Mekong River Basin, the available data is limited because of the extreme size of the area (about $795,000km^2$) and lack of equipment systems in the countries through which the Mekong River flows. In this study, we applied the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model in a GIS (Geographic Information System) framework to calculate the amount of soil erosion and sediment load during the selected period, from 1951 to 2007. The result points out dangerous areas, such as the Upper Mekong River Basin and 3S Basin (containing the Sekong, Sesan, and Srepok Rivers) that are suffering the serious consequences of soil erosion problems. Moreover, the present model is also useful for supporting river basin management in the implementation of sustainable management practices in the Mekong River Basin and other basins.