• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2016

Improving the reproductive traits of Hanwoo might decrease their production cost. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of environmental factors [registration grade (basic, pedigree or advanced), birth year, birth season, parity, delivery year, and delivery season] on various reproductive traits (age at 1st service, age at 1st conception, age for 1st calving, days at 1st service postpartum, non-pregnant condition period, calving interval, gestation length, and number of services for conception) in Hanwoo (primiparous 12,219 heads, multiparous 10,471 heads). All data was acquired from Gyeongnam province areas which were surveyed from 2007 to 2015. All environmental factors significantly influenced (p < 0.01) reproductive traits of primiparous cows but, but not all environmental factors influenced multiparous cows. Primiparous cows registered as advanced grade showed significantly lower age at 1st service (by 15.36 days), age at 1st conception (by 8.66 days), and age for 1st calving (by 8.77 days) (p < 0.01) than those registered as basic grades. Age at 1st service, age at 1st conception and age for 1st calving were not significantly related to birth year in primiparous cows. As delivery years advanced from 2005 to 2012, all durations associated to reproductive traits tended to be shorter. Days at 1st service postpartum, non-pregnant condition period, and calving interval tended to be shortened as parity increased. Days at 1st service postpartum, days open, calving interval, and gestation in multiparous cows calved in winter were shorter than those in summer. The registration grade was not a effected with reproductive traits in Hanwoo.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.365-380
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• 2019

본 연구는 봄에 출생한 송아지 10두(3.90±0.26개월령)와 가을에 출생한 송아지 10두(4.10±0.30개월령)를 약 24개월간 조사료와 농후사료를 분리 급여하거나 또는 TMR을 급여하여 분만 후의 유생산과 비유지속성을 조사하였다. 처리구는 사료 급여 형태와 분만계절의 2가지 요인으로 육성기에 조사료와 농후사료를 분리하여 급여하고 봄에 분만한 CS구, 육성기에 조농분리 급여한 후 가을 분만한 CF구, 육성기에 TMR을 급여한 후 봄에 분만한 TS구 그리고 육성기에 TMR을 급여하고 가을에 분만한 TF구의 4가지로 구분하였다. 육성기의 건물섭취량은 분만계절의 영향을 받아 가을에 분만한 구가 봄에 분만한 구보다 높게 나타났으나(P<0.01), 사료급여 방법에 의해서는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. CP 섭취량과 TDN 섭취량은 분만계절(P<0.05)과 사료급여(P<0.01)에 의해 유의한 영향을 받았으며 가을에 분만한 구가 봄에 분만한 구에 비해 약 1.2% 높게 나타났고 TMR 급여구가 조농분리 급여구보다 약 4.7%정도 높은 결과를 보였다. 평균 산유량과 9, 10개월차의 산유량은 사료급여 방법에 의해 유의한 영향을 받아 TMR 급여구(TS구, TF구)가 조농분리 급여구(CS구, CF구) 보다 높은 결과를 나타내었다(평균 P<0.05; 9개월차와 10개월차 P<0.01). 평균 비유지속성은 분만계절(P<0.05)과 사료급여 방법(P<0.01)에 의해 유의한 영향을 받아 가을에 분만한 구가 봄에 분만한 구에 비해 높은 결과를 보였으며 TMR 급여구가 조농분리 급여구 보다 높은 결과를 나타냈다. 산유량의 결과와 유사하게 비유후기인 9, 10개월차에 사료급여에 의해 통계적 유의차를 보여(P<0.01) TMR 급여구가 약 8% 높았으며, 7개월차(P=0.12)와 8개월차(P=0.09)에도 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 육성기에 TMR을 급여하고 가을에 분만할 경우 초산우의 산유량과 비유지속성 증진에 효과적일 것으로 사료된다. 평균 유지율은 사료급여의 영향을 받아 TMR 급여구가 조농분리 급여구 보다 7.8% 높았는데(P<0.01) 육성기 TMR 급여가 분만 후 섭취행동에 영향을 주어 반추위의 안정화로 인해 유지율이 증가한 것으로 사료된다. 분만 후 3개월차에는 봄에 분만한 구가 가을에 분만한 구보다 유지방 함량이 낮았으며(P<0.05) 이는 계절적 차이에 의한 것으로 사료된다. MUN은 평균과 4, 5 및 6개월차에 조농분리 급여구에서 유의하게 높았다(4개월차 P<0.01; 5, 6개월차 P<0.05). 체세포수는 평균과 분만 후 3, 4개월차에 TMR 급여구가 조농분리 급여구 보다 높은 결과를 보였다(P<0.01). 결과를 종합해보면, 육성기에 TMR 급여방법을 적용하고 가을에 분만하는 경우 봄에 분만하는 경우에 비해 여름철 고온의 영향을 비교적 덜 받아 산유량과 비유지속성 뿐만 아니라 유지율 등이 개선되어 경제성이 향상되는 효과를 보았다. 그러나 본 실험은 봄과 가을의 분만계절이 미치는 영향만을 보았기 때문에 여름과 겨울의 분만계절의 영향에 대한 추가 실험이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2007

본 연구는 분만계절이 포유기 및 이유후 한우 송아지의 음수량, 영양소 섭취능력, 발육 및 질병발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 시험축은 송아지 67두를 공시하여 분만계절에 따라 봄 분만 송아지 27두와 가을 분만 송아지 40두를 배치하였다. 포유기 건물섭취량은 가을분만 송아지의 경우 생후 3～4개월령에는 동절기 저온 환경의 영향으로 봄 분만 송아지에 비해 감소하였다. 가을 분만 송아지의 생시～2개월령에서, 봄 분만 송아지의 경우 생후 2～4개월령에서 음수량이 증가하였다. 봄 분만 송아지와 가을 분만 송아지의 체중 차이는 없었으나, 생후 2개월령 이후 봄 분만 송아지의 일당증체량이 가을 분만 송아지에 비해 많았다. 생후 60일 이전에 설사 발생이 많았는데, 분만계절별로는 생후 30일 이전에 가을 분만 송아지에서 설사 발생이 많았다. 따라서 한우 포유우사의 분만계절별 사육환경 온도는 송아지의 음수량, 보조사료 섭취량 및 성장발육에 영향을 미치므로 육성률 향상을 위해 포유기 송아지 관리의 차별화가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.308-312
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• 1997

Incidence of retained placenta in dairy cows was investigated in 120 parturitions. Prior to calving, cows were allotted into four groups; 1) control, 2) the infection of Vitamin E (500 IU), 3) the injection of selenium (40 mg), and 4) the infection of Vitamin E (500 IU) and selenium (40 mg). Selenium (Se) and Vitamin E were injected intramusculary 20 d prior to the estimated calving date. No effects of Se or Vitamin E administration alone was observed for number of service per conception, conception rate, and estrus rate (p > 0.05). But the Vitamin E administration with Se significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the incidence of retained placenta and the days required for calving the first service. Incidence of retained placenta was not significantly (p > 0.05) influenced by parity, but it was significantly (p < 0.01) influenced by season, especially, increased during July and August. Concentration of Se in plasma was not significantly (p > 0.05) changed during peripartum period whether the treatment. The results of this study on retained placenta suggest that this disorder will be reduced by the administration of Se and Vitamin E prior to calving in dairy cows.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2019

We determined the risk factors for displacement of the abomasum (DA), and the relationships between DA and postpartum disorders, milk yield, and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Initially, we identified the risk factors for DA using data regarding cow health and calving season from 2,208 lactations. Then, we compared the incidence of postpartum disorders, culling, death, and reproductive performance between cows with DA and their control herdmates (each n = 57). In addition, serum metabolites concentrations and milk yield were compared between cows with DA and controls (each n = 33). Ketosis (odds ratio [OR] = 9.27, p < 0.0001) and twin calves (p = 0.06) increased the risk of DA. Cows with a parity of three had a higher risk (OR = 5.23, p < 0.01) of DA than primiparous cows. Serum total cholesterol concentration was lower but non-esterified fatty acid, ${\beta}-hydroxybutyrate$, and alanine aminotransferase concentrations were higher after calving in cows with DA than in controls (p < 0.05). The removal rate from the herd by 2 months after calving was higher (p < 0.05) but milk yield 1 and 2 months after calving (p < 0.01) and the rate of first insemination by 150 days postpartum were lower (hazard ratio = 0.49, p < 0.05) in cows with DA than controls. In conclusion, higher parity, twin calves, and ketosis are risk factors for DA in dairy cows, which is associated with a higher removal rate from the herd, lower milk yield, a longer calving to first insemination interval, and unfavorable levels of metabolites related to energy and liver function.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1988

Daily milk yield estimates were obtained on 74 lactations of 35 Japanese Black cows on weeks 1 to 9, 11, 13, 17, 21 and 26 postpartum using the weigh-suckle-weigh method. The data obtained were analyzed by least-squares procedures according to the models including the following effects; dam, lactation number, season of calving, week of experiment and partial regressions on the lactation number. The overall mean and standard error for daily milk yield was $4.55{\pm}0.04\;kg$. The milk yield declined essentially linearly throughout the experimental period. The main effects of lactation number, season of calving and week of experiment were highly significant. Differences in daily milk yield among cows were significant, and the repeatability was estimated as $0.60{\pm}0.06$. The overall means(kg) and repeat-abilities of cumulative milk yield for 1, 4, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 26 weeks postpartum were 41, 0.08; 166, 0.40; 361, 0.61; 503, 0.66; 632, 0.67; 749, 0.65 and 884, 0.58; respectively. The means of calf weight at birth and 26 weeks weight for different lactations ranged from 25.5 to 33.6 kg and 145.6 to 185.4 kg, respectively. Calf daily gains between experiment weeks were low in earlier stages of lactation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.375-382
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• 1992

The effect of certain factors such as sex of calf, status of buffalo, season of calving, parity and sire on lactation length and total lactation yield was studied in 391 Nili-Ravi buffaloes. The average lactation length was $301.73{\pm}1.87$ (mean $\pm$ SE) days with a range of 181 to 505 days whereas the average lactation yield was $2031.08{\pm}19.16kg$ and ranged from 1023 to 6535 kg for 984 lactations. The differences in the means of lactation length and lactation yield due to the sex of calf were significant (p<0.05). The status of buffaloes had a significant (p<0.05) effect on lactation length but its effect on lactation yield was non-significant. The season of calving had no effect on lactation length but it influenced the lactation yield significantly. The milk yield was highest ($2150.81{\pm}43.52kg$) in buffaloes which calved in spring and lowest ($1959.92{\pm}30.83kg$) in autumn. The effect of parity on both traits under study was significant (p<0.01). The maximum and minimum lactation lengths of $309.82{\pm}3.96$ and $284.16{\pm}7.17$ days were observed in the first and sixth lactations, respectively. The milk yield was maximum ($2150.38{\pm}58.79kg$) in the seventh lactation and minimum (1818.31 60.04 kg) in the sixth lactation. The influence of sire was significant on lactation length (p<0.05) and milk yield (p<0.01).

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.351-355
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate reasons for culling of Chungcheong dairy herds and to investigate the relationships between cow parity, interval from calving to culling, or season and culling reasons. Lactation data from 826 cows on 9 dairy farms from 2013 to 2015, including reasons for culling, dates of birth, last calving, and culling, were analyzed. The overall culling rate was 29.8% (246/826), with mammary problems (23.2%) being the most prevalent reason for culling, followed by infertility (14.2%) and downer cow syndrome (11.0%). The culling rate varied among farms (18.8-43.1%, p < 0.05), but was greater in parity $4{\leq}(40.7%)$ than parities 1, 2, or 3 (17.9-23.6%), whereas the rate was less frequent during mid lactation (21.1%) than in early (36.2%) or late (42.7%) lactation. Moreover, the culling rate was greater during summer (35.8%) than other seasons (20.3-23.2%). Mammary problems, downer cow syndrome, and metabolic disorders were the more common reasons for culling during early lactation, whereas infertility was predominant during late lactation. Our data show that the culling rate in Chungcheong dairy herds was associated with cow parity, interval from calving to culling, and season, with the main reasons for the removal of cows from dairy herds being mammary problems, infertility, and downer cow syndrome.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2016

본 연구는 분만간격과 비유곡선 모수들 간의 상관관계를 규명하기 위하여 농협중앙회 젖소개량사업소에서 진행하고 있는 유우군 능력검정사업에 참여하고 있는 홀스타인 젖소로부터 조사한 착유기록 36,505개를 분석하였는데, 분석에 이용된 착유기록은 모두 2011년부터 2013년 사이에 분만한 경산우로부터 조사하였다. 비유곡선 모수는 Wood 모형을 적용하여, SAS 9.2 NLIN Procedure를 이용해 추정하였다. 분만년도-계절(봄, 여름, 가을, 겨울)효과와 산차(2, 3, 4산차)의 효과를 고정효과로 한 다형질 일반선형모형으로 SAS(GLM procedure)를 이용하였다. 분만간격, 305일 유량, 비유곡선모수(A, b, c), 비유지속성, Peak 일시 및 Peak기 유량에 대해 분만년도-계절과 산차의 효과는 모두 유의적으로 나타났다(p<0.05). Wood 모형으로 추정한 비유곡선 함수는 2, 3 및 4산차에 대해 각각 yt=24.66t0.175e-0.00302t, yt=24.69t0.192e-0.00334t 및 yt=24.22t0.200e-0.00341t으로 추정되었다. 분만간격과 305일 유량, 모수값 A, b, c, 비유지속성, Peak 일시 및 Peak기 유량과의 표현형상관(잔차상관)은 각각 0.093, -0.014, 0.028, -0.046, 0.099, 0.085 및 0.052으로 나타났다. 분만간격이 길어지면 비유곡선의 상향경사도, 비유지속성, Peak 일시, Peak기 유량은 증가하고, 비유곡선의 하향경사도는 감소하여, 305일 유량은 증가할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.499-503
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• 1995

The performance records of 410 Holstein Friesian crossbred cows belonging to seven genetic groups (Fl, 3/4, 1/4, 5/8, 3/8, triple cross and miscellaneous cross) maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadurnagar, Okara were analyzed for various parameters of lifetime traits. For the analysis 2 data sets were made. Data set I included all the cows disposed off from the herd which have completed at least one lactation while for data set II performance traits for only first five lactations were considered. The data was analyzed by Mixed Model Least squares and Maximum Likelihood computer programme PC-I version. The least squares means ${\times}$ standard errors for data set I (periods are in days and milk yield is in litres) were $994.5{\pm}15.5$, $1,877.0{\pm}70.9$, $1,651.9{\pm}19.3$, $2,533.7{\pm}36.5$, $3,530.0{\pm}40.5$, $15,785.2{\pm}320.0$, $8.46{\pm}0.19$, $5.66{\pm}0.16$ and $3.79{\pm}0.08$, respectively for age at first calving (APC), Ist lactation milk yield (FLMY), productive life (PL), herd life (HL), total life (TL), lifetime milk yield (LTMY), milk yield per day of productive life (MY/PL), milk yield per day of herd life (MY/HL) and milk yield per day of total life (MY/TL). For data set II these values were $1,004.2{\pm}21.2$, $2,220.5{\pm}113.1$, $1,429.1{\pm}40.8$, $2,302.1{\pm}73.3$, $3,307.2{\pm}77.3$, $13,189.7{\pm}667.4$, $9.10{\pm}0.34$, $5.66{\pm}0.25$ and $4.02{\pm}0.18$ in the same order. For data set I the effect of year of first calving was significant for AFC, FLMY, PL, HL, LTMY and MY/PL. The season of Ist calving was significant only for MY/PL. The effect of genetic group was significant for AFC, FLMY, MY/PL and MY/TL while the effect of parity was significant for all the traits. For data set II the effect of year of Ist calving was significant only for AFC, FLMY and PL while the season of Ist calving was significant for FLMY and PL while the effect of genetic groups was significant for MY/HL only. The lifetime production performance is in general close to the various estimates reported in the literature.