• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.376-394
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• 1996

This study evaluated the reproducibility and validity of the self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire used in a large prospective cohort study(Korean Cancer Research Survey) in middle-aged men. The questionnaire was administered twice at an interval of approximately two years(December, 1992-January, 1995), and four or five 24-hour recalls for each subject were collected at intervals of approximately three months. The results were as follows; 1) Although the distributions of the data estimated by the questionnaire were somewhat wider, the mean nutrient intakes of group estimated by our questionnaires and the multiple 24-hour recalls were roughly comparable. 2) The reproducibility determined by correlation of absolute(unadjusted nutrient intake) and calorie adjusted nutrient intakes from two semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires were more than 0.5, and the weighted kappa values were more than 0.4. 3) The Pearson correlation coefficients between unadjusted nutrient intakes values were average 0.40 on the average(Ca, 0.13-Carbohydrate, 0.58) at the first questionnaire vs. 24-hour recalls, and 0.28 at the second questionnaire vs. 24-hour recalls. The spearman rank order correlation coefficients were similar. When energy intake was adjusted, there was a slight reduction : 0.28 at the second questionnaire, 0.25 average on the second. In order to correct the measurement error of 24-hour recall data, the deattenuated correlation coefficient was calculated. It averaged 0.53 on the first questionnaire, 0.37 on the second questionnaire for unadjusted nutrient intake. for calorie-adjusted nutrient intake, it averaged 0.44 on the first questionnaire, 0.37 on the second questionnarie. 4) There was lower agreement(k<0.4) between the questionnaries and the 24-hour recalls. And the subjects classified in the same quartile by 24-hour recalls and first questionnaire were average 37$\%$(energy-adjusted values) and 40$\%$(unadjusted values) on the average. More than k10$\%$(average) of subjects were in the extreme quartile of the questionnarie and 24-hour recall method. But 8.2$\%$(average) of subjects classified in the lowest quartile of unadjusted nutrient intake level by the 24-hour recalls were in the highest quartile by the first questionnaire. These data indicate that our self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnarie is reproducible. Correlation coefficients comparing nutrient intakes measured by two different dietary assessment methods were less than 0.5. The validity of our questionnarie is not high enough.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2018

Objectives: With the increasing number of single households and so-called Honbab-jok, those who eat alone, people tend to enjoy convenient and simple meals, such as single dish meals. This study was performed to provide data on the energy and nutrient content, and nutritional adequacy of single-dish meal. Methods: From the literature reviews, 61 types of single-dish meals were selected, and divided into 4 groups (steamed rice, noodle, porridge, and sandwich burger), and a further 11 sub-groups (bibimbab, fried rice, topped rice, rolled rice/ warm noodle, cold noodle, seasoned noodle, dukgook/ porridge/, and sandwich, burger). In addition, 382 junior high school students from Gyeonggi, Sejong, Jeonbuk, and Chungnam areas were recruited for the survey. The survey questionnaires were composed of the characteristics, preference, and intake frequency of single-dish meals. The representative energy content (arithmetic mean) of single-dish meals were calculated, and compared with the energy contents of preference and intake frequency-weighted values adjusted. The representative nutrient contents, energy contribution ratio, and INQ (index of nutritional quality) of a single-dish meal were calculated for a nutritional adequacy evaluation. Results: The study subjects considered a single-dish meal as tasty, simple and fast to prepare, inexpensive, nutritious, and no low calorie food. The preference scores of all but 1 sub-group of singledish meals were ${\geq}5.00$ (5.00~5.97), and 1 sub-group (porridge) was 4.67 on a 7-point scale. The intake frequency of 11 sub-groups were 0.31~1.71/week, porridge was the lowest at 0.31 and warm noodles was the highest at 1.71. Fried rice, rolled rice, and warm noodle' intake frequency were ${\geq}1/week$. The representative energy of steamed rice, noodle, sandwich burger were 443, 429, and 428 kcal, respectively, and that of porridge was 264 kcal. Less than 5% differences in the representative energy of 4 groups were observed when adjusted for the preference or intake frequency-weighted values. The energy contribution ratio of macro-nutrients calculations showed that porridge was a high carbohydrate and low fat food, whereas sandwich burger were high fat and low carbohydrate foods. The INQ of calcium and vitamin C were less than 1.0 in all 4 food groups, but the INQ of protein and thiamin were > 1.0 in all 4 single-dish food groups. Conclusions: The representative energy in the 4 groups of single-dish meal was 264~450 kcal, which is a rather low calorie meal, and the energy contribution ratio of macro-nutrients were inadequate. The protein and thiamin levels were sufficient but the calcium and vitamin C levels were insufficient in all 4 groups of a single-dish meal judged by the INQ. The additional intake of fruits and milk dairy products between meals with a single-dish meal, supply of calcium and vitamin C may increase, which will result in an improved nutritional balance.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.1459-1466
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• 2010

본 연구는 농촌지역 주민들의 대사증후군 예방을 위한 영양 사업에 기초 자료를 제공하고자 안동시 읍면 지역 농촌의 45세 이상 1,431명의 주민을 대상으로 대사증후군 집단과 정상 집단의 생화학적 특성 및 영양소 섭취 상태를 조사하고 대사증후군 발생 위험도와의 관련성을 다항로지스틱회귀모델을 사용하여 분석하였다. 대사증후군 집단과 정상 집단간에 연령 차이는 없었으며, 혈액 AST, ALT, $\gamma$-GT 및 과산화지질은 대사증후군 집단이 정상 집단에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 대사증후군 위험도 분석에서 여자가 남자에 비해 위험도가 2.953배 높았으며, 연령에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 혈액 AST, ALT 및 $\gamma$-GT의 경우, 30 U/L 이상 집단에서 각각 1.839배, 2.302배 및 2.143배 위험도가 높았으며, 혈액 과산화지질 농도도 5.7 nmole/mL 이상 집단에서 위험도가 1.874배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 각 진단요소별 위험도 분석에서, 혈액 AST, ALT 및 $\gamma$-GT가 각각 30 U/L 이상에서 AST는 복부비만, 고혈압, 고 중성지방혈증 위험도가 각각 1.394배, 1.514배, 1.528배 높으며, ALT는 고 중성지방혈증과 높은 공복혈당이 각각 2.138배와 2.310배, $\gamma$-GT는 복부비만, 고혈압, 고 중성지방혈증 및 높은 공복혈당이 각각 1.513배, 1.594배, 2.354배 및 1.858배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 혈액 과산화지질은 5.7 nmole/mL 이상에서 복부비만, 고 중성지방혈증 및 높은 공복혈당이 각각 1.607배, 3.095배 및 1.757배 높았다. 대사증후군 집단과 정상 집단의 영양소 섭취 상태는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 대사증후군 위험도 분석에서 에너지의 70% 이상을 탄수화물로 섭취하는 경우 대사증후군 위험도가 0.781로 낮은 경우를 제외하고는 영양소와 대사증후군 간에 유의한 관련성이 나타나지 않았다. 영양소 섭취와 대사증후군 진단요소별 위험도 분석에서 열량 섭취가 EER 미만인 집단의 복부비만 위험도가 유의적으로 낮았으며(OR 0.696, p<0.05), 열량에 대한 탄수화물 비율이 55% 미만인 경우 저 HDL-콜레스테롤 위험도가 1.630배 증가하였고, 70%를 초과한 경우 복부비만과 고혈압 위험도가 각각 0.724배와 0.733배 낮았으며, 지질 섭취가 25%를 초과한 경우 저 HDL-콜레스테롤 위험도가 1.864배 높았다. 이상의 결과로부터 대사증후군 집단의 혈액 트랜스아미나제 활성과 과산화지질 농도가 정상 집단에 비해 유의하게 높으므로 이 지역 주민들의 대사증후군 예방을 위해서는 정기적으로 혈액 트랜스아미나제와 과산화지질 농도의 측정을 통한 관리가 필요하다고 생각되며, 영양소 섭취가 대사증후군 발생에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 더 많은 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.