• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.219-230
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• 2023

Calla lily is one of the most iconic and widely recognized ornamental plants. This study compared the extracts of 11 cultivars of domestic calla lily bred by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science for their total polyphenol and antioxidant activities. Eleven cultivars were evaluated for their growth and flowering characteristics as per the Manual for Agricultural Investigation Rural Development Administration (RDA) form. The antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbebzothiazoloine-6-sulfonic acid)-diammounium salt (ABTS⁺) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect. The plants have an average height of 63.80 ± 5.4 cm, average flower diameter of 7.2 ± 1.1 cm, and width of 12.4 ± 1.7 cm. On average, the diameter and width of leaves were 33.7 ± 3.5 cm and 20.0 ± 1.4 cm, respectively. Extracts of flowers and leaves in the 11 cultivars of white calla lily were compared for their antioxidant activities and total polyphenol contents. ABTS⁺ and DPPH radical scavenging, which are indicative of antioxidant activity, were higher in flowers than in leaves. When comparing by cultivar, we found that 'White Egg' showed the highest antioxidant activity in both the flowers and the leaves. Additionally, we found that by part, the content of total polyphenols was highest in flowers, and by cultivar, it was highest in the 'Swan' and 'White Egg' cultivars. Furthermore, the days to flowering showed correlations with ABTS⁺ radical scavenging, total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid contents (TFC). Our results indicate that calla lily can be used as breeding material material according to its growth characteristics and as a natural antioxidant source.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.387.4-388
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• 2001

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.366-370
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• 2013

This experiment was carried out to establish the screening methods for the selection of Zantedeschia aethiopica cultivars resistant to calla lily soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. A center of leaf and petiole tissues of four Z. aethiopica cultivars were wounded and inoculated with three different inoculum concentrations, $1{\times}10^7cfu/mL$, $1{\times}10^8cfu/mL$, and $1{\times}10^9cfu/mL$, of EccNHRI-21 isolate. And they were evaluated at 4, 18, and 26 hours after inoculation. The lesion of maceration was developed well in the leaf tissues inoculated with $1{\times}10^9cfu/mL$ concentration. And evaluation of resistance in 18 hours after inoculation was correlated with field resistance positively. Using this method, ten Z. aethiopica commercial cultivars and four wild types were screened. 'Crowbrough' and 'White Cutie' were selected as highly resistant genotypes and 'Mont Blanc' and 'Silky White' as resistant genotypes. 'Wedding March' and 'Kiwi Blush' were evaluated as moderate resistant and the others including 'Childsiana' were susceptible. And all of four wild types were evaluated as more than moderate resistant. In spite of control through cultural, biological and chemical methods, the use of resistant cultivars is most efficient to overcome calla lily soft rot. This newly developed screening method was helpful for breeding new varieties resistant to calla lily soft rot.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2019

Calla lilies (Zantedeschia spp.) are monocotyledonous ornamental plants which belongs to the Araceae family. After the release of elite calla cultivar, an efficient propagation system is needed for commercial use. Despite the use of conventional propagation methods such as splitting of tubers and rhizomes of calla, rapid and efficient propagation system should be developed. In order to achieve this goal, stem segments contained apical meristems derived from calla lily cultivar (cv. Gag-si) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of cytokinin and auxin. This was aimed at inducing embryogenic calluses, shoots and multiple shoots. As a result, about 25% of induction rates of yellow embryogenic calluses were observed with MS medium containing both $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;NAA$ and $1.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;BA$ as growth regulators. In the experiments involving the regeneration from embryogenic calluses through shoot formation, MS medium supplemented with $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;IAA$ and $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;BA$ showed the highest rates at approximately 85 ~ 90% with regard to the formation of shoots in calla. Moreover, multiple shoots needed for rapid propagation were generated when explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;IAA$ and $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;BA$ with 40% of formation rate. In this study, the combination of auxin and cytokinin showed positive effects on both the induction of embryogenic calluses, the formation of shoots as well as multiple shoots in calla. The regeneration system described here can contribute to the development of breeding programs of calla in the future.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.193-198
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• 2002

Growth and tuber development of ‘Black Magic’calla lily as affected by the rain shelter with 50％ shading and the tuber size were investigated. Tubers of five grades in size were cultivated in the rain shelter or in the open field (control). Days to emergence of shoots in the rain shelter was accelerated by 4.2 days as compared to the open field. Emergence ratio was higher as the tuber was larger, tubers grown in the rain shelter showed the significance in the growth characteristics as compared to the control. There were no significant differences in the number of flowers per tuber between the rain shelter and the open field. Flower quality was 12.2 cm longer than that in the open field. flowering characteristics was improved with the increasing tuber size. Low infection of soft rot disease of 3∼22％ was found in the rain shelter as compared to the that of 19∼83％ in the open field. Thus tubers produced under the rain shelter showed improved quality, Even if the small tubers with diameters of 0.5∼1.0 cm were cultivated in the rain shelter, the weight and diameters of tuber harvested after approximately 7 months were 50.2 g and 5.7 cm, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.253-261
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• 2002

칼라(Zantedeschia spp.)는 남아프리카가 원산인 구근식물로 천남성과에 속하며 7개의 원종과 2개의 아종이 있다. 원예학적으로는 두 그룹으로 분류되며 Z. aethiopica 종이 속한 그룹은 습지생육형으로서 보통 백색칼라로 불리고, Z. albomaculata, Z. rehmannii, Z. jucunda, Z. ellittiana 및 Z. pentlandii 5종이 포함된 건지생육형 그룹은 유색칼라로 불린다. 그 외에 두 그룹의 중간 형태인 Z. ordorata 종이 있다(Funnell, 1993). (중략)

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.618-623
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• 2015

The new white calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica) cultivar 'White Cutie' was bred at the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS) in 2011. 'Childsiana' showing the multi-flowering characteristic and 'Wedding March' resistant to soft rot disease were artificially crossed in 2004. Of the progeny, 'White Cutie' was selected specifically for use in cut flower production after investigation over seven years (2005 to 2011) of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, resistance against soft rot, and customer preference regarding the culture vigor and post-harvest quality. 'White Cutie' was early flowering (85.6 days to flowering) with white flowers (RHS W155C), although it had a mid-sized flower in which spathe height and width were 8.6 cm and 8.7 cm, respectively. It was multi-flowering (6.2 flowers per plant) and produced a very high number of cormels (13.4 per plant). Furthermore, it was resistant to soft rot disease.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.154-160
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• 2005

To establish rapid micropropagation through organogenesis from apices-derived callus or direct adventitious shoot of three calla lily cultivars(Zantedeschia spp, cv. Sunlight, cv. Chiante, cv. Pink Persuation) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators. The formation rate of callus, organogenesis and in viかo tuber production among the three cultivars were tested. Callus was obtained from cvs. Sunlight, Chiante and Pink Persuasion; the best cultivar was Sunlight. Sunlight induced $53.3\%$ callus and Chiante had the highest rate of $56.7\%$ direct shoot regeneration on medium with 2.0 mg/L BA. Regeneration frequencies ranged from 20 to $70\%$ on medium with 2.0-3.0 mg/L BA. The highest percentage of regeneration and the greatest number of shoots were obtained on medium containing 3.0 mg/L BA in three cultivars. Cytokinins induced multiple shoot formation; 1.0 mg/L of 2ip, 5.0 mg/L of BA, and 1.0 m/L of BA induced 16, 14 and 12 multiple shoots in cvs. Sunlight, Chiante and Pink Persuasion, respectivly. 1.0 mg/L of IAA enhanced root growth in cvs. Sunlight and Chiante while cv. Pink Persuasion exhibited enhanced root growth at 2.0 mg/L of IBA. NAA, however, induced no change in root growth. The addition of 90 g/L sucrose enhanced in vitro tuber formation and following tuber expansion in cv. Sunlight, while 70 g/L of sucrose was effective in cvs. Chiante and Pink Persuasion.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effects of developmental stage of embryos and plant growth regulators on mass production of Zantedeschia spp. Southern Light, immature zygotic embryos of Zantedeschia spp. Southern Light were cultured on Murashige and Skoog(1962) basal media or containing 2,4-D, NAA and BA. Globular embryos did not grow on any of the 2,4-D, NAA and BA combinations. The most suitable stage of immature zygotic embryo culture on the induction callus and multiple shoot was at early cotyledonary embryo stage, and at this stage of embryos were germinated up to 87.5%. The whitish watery callus and yellowish compact nodular callus produced on all 2,4-D, NAA and BA media. The best combination for inducing embryogenic callus was 0.5 mgL NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA. Whitish watery calli have been subcultured for more than 8 months and have retained their producing ability, Plant regeneration was only obtained by direct shoot development and yellowish compact nodular calli. Abundant plantlets were regenerated from cotyledonary stage of embryo culture on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA. Supplementation of the media with 10％ coconut water showed as the best concentration for plant differentiation from direct developed of shoots. The number of regenerated plants from one embryo could be seperated 25-35s plantlets. All yellowish compact callus-derived plantlets were transferred to pots containing a mixture of vermiculite, perlite and sand(1:1;1 v/v) and 100% of divided plantlets were phenotypically normal.