• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.174-178
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• 2010

Calcium and iron binding peptides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration of rice bran protein (RBP), which was isolated from defatted rice bran by phytase and xylanase treatment and ultrasonication. The isolated RBP had a molecular weight in the range of 10-66 kDa. The extracted proteins were hydrolyzed using Flavourzyme for 6 hr. After ultrafiltration under 5 kDa as molecular weight, the peptides were fractionated into 4 peaks by Sephadex G-15 gel permeation chromatography, and each fraction was determined for calcium and iron binding activity. As the result, Fl and F2 fractions were the best candidate for calcium and iron chelation, respectively. These results suggest that the calcium and iron binding peptides can be used as functional food additives in food industry.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.290-299
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the association between dietary calcium intake and biomarkers related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Seventy-five subjects (41 males, 34 females) were recruited from a group of patients who had visited the department of endocrine medicine. Data on anthropometric characteristics, clinical indices such as hemoglobin A1c and C-reactive protein (CRP), and dietary nutrient intakes were collected. Subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of their calcium intake [< EAR (below estimated average requirement), EAR-RNI (between EAR and recommended nutrient intake), > RNI (above RNI)]. Average calcium intake of < EAR, EAR-RNI, > RNI groups were $462.7{\pm}18.7$, $649.7{\pm}12.8$, and $895.7{\pm}21.7mg$, respectively. Energy intake was not different among groups but intakes of protein, total and saturated fatty acids were significantly higher in > RNI group than < EAR group. Analysis of covariance revealed that HDL cholesterol level was significantly higher in EAR-RNI group, as compared to < EAR group after adjustment with confounders such as age, sex, BMI and energy intake (p < 0.05). Levels of CRP and homeostasis model assessment 2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were significantly lower in EAR-RNI group. Total cholesterol level was higher in EAR-RNI and > RNI groups, although within the normal range. Our results suggest that dietary calcium intake may influence the levels of HDL-cholesterol, CRP and HOMA2-IR and subsequently, help management/treatment of type 2 diabetes patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.395-400
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• 1993

Four sheep per treatment were fed either control or 3% calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (Ca-LCFA) in a total mixed ration (TMR). Feed and free water intakes were not different, but digestibilities of crude protein and crude fiber were lower (p<0.05) and that of crude fat was higher (p<0.05) for sheep fed Ca-LCFA than for control sheep. Dry matter digestibility, ruminal pH and microbial protein yield were not different between treatments and ammonia-N concentration in the rumen was higher for sheep fed Ca-LCFA than for control sheep. A 60-day milk production trial was conducted with thirty lactation Holstein cows. Fifteen cows per treatment were fed TMR containing either control or 3% Ca-LCFA ad libitum. Feed intake was not different between treatments, but milk yield was significantly higher (p<0.05) for cows fed Ca-LCFA than for control cows. Milk fat percentage was slightly higher and milk protein was lower for cows fed Ca-LCFA than for control cows. Lactose and total solid contents in milk were not different between treatments.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.391-395
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• 2000

Calexcitin, a calcium-binding protein, was previously cloned and functionally characterized in the squid Loligo pealei. We now report the cloning of a second form of Calexcitin, Calexcitin-2, found in the squid Todarodes pacificus optic lobe. Calexcitin-2 has a significantly different carboxyl terminal region than Calexcitin-1. It lacks the CAAX motif, which is a farnesylation site. The amino acid sequence of Calexcitin-2 shows an 84% identity with Calexcitin-1 and also displays a strong cross immunoreactivity. Western blotting shows that Calexcitin-2 was expressed exclusively in the optic lobe region of squid, but not in other body organs. Regardless of its lack of conserved regions for GTP-binding, Calexcitin-2 shows moderately low affinity GTP-binding and also shows dramatic conformational change induced by GTP-binding. Three possible GTP-binding region mutations, K142A, D144A, and K157A, did not change the G TP binding affinity. This raises the possibility that Calexcitin-2 may have a novel GTP-binding motif.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.240-245
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• 1988

This study was prospectively planned to realize the reduction of calcium ion in serum along with the cardiopulmonary bypass[CPB], to find out the cause of the reduction, and to verify the justification of the classical methods of calcium replacement. Nine patients with various open heart surgeries by CPB in 1987 wee selected at random. Calcium chloride was added as follows:: For each unit of ACD blood transfusion, 600mg of calcium chloride was added. In case of massive transfusion, 600 mg of calcium chloride was injected every 2 or 3 units of transfusion. On occasions such as weaning from CPB, or following defibrillation, or hypotension, weak myocardial contractility of the heart, calcium chloride was needed in an amount of 10 mg / kg. In ICU, calcium chloride was limited to use in low serum level or in emergency use. Total calcium decreased early bypass and progressively increased above the preoperative value during late bypass and three hours thereafter, Ionized calcium increased during late bypass and three hours following. Total and ionized calcium depicted similar patterns of change during open heart surgery. Decrease of the calcium at the early bypass was thought from reduction of total protein and alkalosis during bypass. Meanwhile, increase of both calciums during the end of surgery was presumably attributable to addition of calcium chloride in priming solution, injections of calcium chloride in the process of termination of bypass. We conclude that enough calcium was replaced by the classical methods of calcium supplement.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2001

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.61-85
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• 1968

The experiment was carried out on eight healthy male subjects of 19-22 years old and they were maintained The experiment was carried out on eight healthy male subjects of 19-22 years old and they were maintained under the rice diet, the general mixed diet and the high animal protein diet for 7 days of each experimental period, respectively. The composition of each diet was indicated in Table 3. The allowance' of each nutrient per head per day in each diet were as follows. a) In the rice diet; protein:139.5 g (animal source:64.6 g, vegetable source:74.9 g), fat:25.3 g (animal source:11.3 g, vegetable source:14.0 g), carbohydrate: 644.0 g, calcium:982.3 mg, phosphorus: 2369.2mg, thiamine:2.1 mg, riboflavin: 1.6 mg, and 3211 Cal. b) In the general mixed diet; protein: 97.4g (animal source: 10.5 g, vegetable source: 86.9 g), fat:40.3 g (animal source:7.1 g, vegetable source:33.2 g), carbohydrate:620.7 g, calcium:887.1m g, phosphorus:2200.8m g, thiamine: 1.8m g, riboflavin:1.9m g, and 3158 Cal. c) In the high animal protein diet; protein: 135.6 g (animal source:68.8 g, vegetable source:66.8 g), fat:32.5g (animal source:17.9 g, vegetable source:14.6 g), carbohydrate:930.9 g, calcium: 626.0 mg, phosphorus: 1998.9 mg, thiamine: 1.5 mg, riboflavin: 1.5 mg, and 3194 Cal. The absorption rates of protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phospherus, thiamine and riboflavin in each diet were observed. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The absorption rates of protein and fat in the rice diet were 88.t % and 71.3.%. 2. The absorption rates of protein and fat in the general mixed diet were 83.4% and 86.4%. 3. The absorption rates of protein and fat in the high animal protein diet were 86.8% and 82.4%. 4. The nitrogen balances in the rice, the general mixed and the high animal protein diet groups were +5.7g, +2.3g and +4.0g respectively. 5. The absorption rates of carbohydrate in each diet were all above 95 % and so seemed to be almost completely absorbed except the cellulose in the diets. 6. The calory utilization rates in each diet were all above 93 %. 7. The minimum absorption rates of protein, fat and calory were 83.8%, 63.3%, and 89.7% in the rice diet, 80.0%, 80.9% and 85.9%, in the general mixed diet and 83.6%, 75.7% and. 89.3 % in the high animal protein diet respectively. Therefore, it is assumed that these data might be significant in practical use. 8. The protein absorption rates of the rice diet (88.1 %) was better than that of the general mixed diet (83.4 %). 9. The fat absorption rates of the general mixed diet and the high animal protein diet (86.4% and 82.4%) were signficantly better than that of the rice diet (71.3%). 10. The calcium absorption rates of each diet, rice diet, the general mixed diet and the high animal protein diet were 41.6%, 36.0%, and 27.7%, respectively. 11. The phosphorus absorption rates of each diet were 51.4%, 56.0% and 52.3%, respectively.12. The phosphorus absorption rate seemed better than that of calcium. 13. The thiamine absorption rates of each diet seemed 27.0 %, 42.9 % and 29.5 %, respectively. 14. The riboflavin absorption rates of each diet seemed above 30.6%, 27.1%, and 39.3% respectively. 15. The excretion amounts of thiamine or riboflavin were much more than the amounts ingested of the both vitamins. Therefore, the certain amount of both vitamins seemed to synthesize in the intestine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.53-53
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• 1993

In considering the mechanism of action of the calcium antagonists, it is important to realize that there are three distinct receptor types and that the new classification divides these three drugs as members of the dihydropyridine, phenylalkylamines and benzothiazipines, respectively. The World Health Organization as well as the International Union of Pharmacology and Cardiology have adopted this classification. Unlike every other class of drugs, such as the alpha and beta adrenergic blocking agents, diuretics, etc., the calcium antagonists need to be thought of as three distinct drug classes. The reason they share some, but not all of the pharmacological profile is that they all act at specific receptor domains present in one large protein of 165 daltons present in all excitable tissue. This protein along with several other subunits make up what is known as the voltage-dependent calcium channel (the so-called "L"type, L-VDCC). The mechanism of action of the three drugs involve first a specfic binding and then an inhibition of the movement of calcium into the cell Some of these drugs, such as diltiazem, may have other interesting intracellular effects perhaps associated with protection of the mitochondria during ischemic insults. The nature of the receptor is being explored by molecular genetic techniques, and we have recently cloned two of the major subunits; some of the data will be presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.643-649
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the adequacy of dietary fat and protein intakes among female college students. Daily intakes of energy, fat, protein, major amino acids and other nutrients were measured in 52 female college students. Daily energy intake was 75.8% of the recommended intake. Fat and protein consist 19.2% and 16.7% of the total calorie, respectively. The average protein consumption per day was 105% of the recommended intake. Essential amino acids intakes were more than the recommended amounts which appears in the 6th edition of Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans. However, when the intake of each essential amino acid was compared to the recommended amino acid requirement pattern, these subjects did not meet the estimated requirements. There was a highly significant correlation between daily protein intake and lipid intake implying the major sources of protein in the diet were also major sources of fat. Daily intakes of dietary fiber, vitamin C, iron, and phosphorous were above the recommended levels of intake. However, blood hemoglobin concentration was marginal indicating dietary iron consumption is not a good marker for iron status. Also, calcium intake was only 63.5% of the recommended intake. Therefore, these results imply that main problems for these subjects are low energy consumption, low calcium intake, and the quality of protein. However, as opposed to the hypothesis, the main energy sources were not the food items high in saturated fats such as instant foods, which should be emphasized further.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 1991

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary protein ana calcium levels on hematological properties and renal functions of the Pb-administered rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to a 3$\times$3$\times$2 factorial design with 3 levels of protein (40％, 16％, 6％), 3 levels of Ca (1.2％, 0.6％, 0.12％) and 2 feeding Periods (3 and 7 Weeks). The Control group was included separately, The rats were exposed to the drinking water containing 2, 000ppm of lead. Hematocrit, hemoglobin content and RBC count were lower in the Pb-added groups than in the control group and were reduced with decreasing dietary protein and Ca levels. Urinary-aminolevulinic acid was higher in the Pb-added groups than in the control group and increased with decreasing dietary Ca level. However, urinary glucose was higher in the Pb-added groups than in the control group and enhanced with decreasing dietary protein and Ca levels. Creatinine celarance was not affected by the Pb administration when the rats fed the diet containing sufficient protein and Ca.