• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.193-198
• /
• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of possible complications of cervical lateral screw fixation and the achievements of bicortical purchase using the Roy-Camille, Magerl and the modified methods. Methods : Six fresh-frozen cervical spine segments were harvested. The Roy-Camille technique was applied to C3 and C4, and the Magerl technique was applied to C5, C6, and C7 of one side of each cadaver. The modified technique was applied to the other side of each cadaver. The nerve root injury, violation of the facet joint, vertebral artery injury, and the bicortication were examined at each screwing level. Results : No vertebral artery injury was observed in any of the three methods. One nerve root injury was observed in each cervical spine segment using the Roy-Camille method (8.3%), the Magerl method (5.6%), and the modified method (3.3%). Facet joint injuries were observed in two cervical spinal segments using the Roy-Camille method (16.7%) and three with the Magerl method (16.7%), while five facet joint violations occurred when using the modified method (16.7%). Bicortical purchases were achieved on ten cervical spinal segments with the Roy-Camille method (83.3%) and Magerl method (55.6%), while twenty bicortical purchases were achieved in the modified method (66.7%). Conclusion : The advantages of the modified method are that it is performed by using given anatomical structures and that the complication rate is as low as those of other known methods. This modified method can be performed easily and safely without fluoroscopic assistance for the treatment of many cervical diseases.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 2016

시간, 공간, 금전적인 문제 때문에 실습이 쉽지 않은 학문들이 있다. 특히 의료교육은 장소와 시간의 제약이 특히 심하며 cadaver(카드버:인체해부 실습용 시체)를 통해 이루어지기 때문에 어려움이 많다. 그 대안으로 다양한 가상 수술방법이 존재하지만 장비가 고가이거나 구하기 쉽지 않기 때문에 어려운 문제가 발생한다. 이러한 문제점의 해결 방법으로 3D-Virtual Reality(3D가상현실)를 활용하여 실제와 유사한 환경을 제공하고자 한다. 일반적으로 컴퓨터의 Interface(인터페이스)로 키보드와 마우스를 사용하지 않고 Oculus Rift(오큘러스 리프트)와 Leap Motion(립 모션)를 사용함으로써 더욱더 현실감을 느낄 수 있어 실습교육비용을 절감함으로써 실습교육에 대한 효과를 극대화 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 두개의 Device(디바이스)인 Oculus Rift(오큘러스 리프트)와 Leap Motion(립 모션)를 이용하여 3D가상 수술 시스템을 구축하고 실습할 수 있는 제안으로 의료교육인 수술교육에 대치하여 효율성을 높이는 방식을 제안하였고, 이는, 다른 Simulation(시뮬레이션)이 활용 가능한 학문분야에 까지 확장할 수 있을 것으로 사려된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the exposure risk to tattoo components by analyzing skin absorption using the in vitro method. Tattoos are commonly used for cosmetic purposes, and the skin of not only the operator but of the people who are undergoing the cosmetic procedure is continuously exposed to hazardous chemicals. Methods: Skin permeation risk determination was conducted by the in vitro Franz diffusion cell method according to the ingredient types of tattoo dyes, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), non-volatile organic compounds and heavy metals, using hairless mouse full skin and human cadaver epidermis. Results: The major components with good skin penetration for each type of tattoo dye ingredient were clarified. Among the tatto dye ingredients, 1,2-Dichlorobenzene, Zn, Al, Pb and Ti showed good skin penetration. Most of the skin transmission rates were higher in hairless mouse full skin than in human cadaver epidermis. Conclusion: A possible exposure risk to hazardous substances in tattoo dyes was confirmed from this study. These results are expected to provide a positive contribution to the establishment of management regulations for tattoo dyes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.24-28
• /
• 2009

Purpose: As a recipient vessel, internal mammary vessels have many advantages for microvascular reconstruction of the breast. But the approach is time consuming and results in large morbidities. However, the perforating branches of the internal mammary vessels can be used to minimize such demerits. The purpose of this cadaver study is to clarify the location and diameter of the perforating branches of internal mammary vessels and to prove they are safe and reliable recipient vessels. Methods: We studied 11 formalin - fixed cadavers and dissected their anterior chests bilaterally. The chests were exposed using midline presternal incisions. We dissected and found all perforators at subfascial planes under loupe magnification. The number, external diameter, and the distance from the midline were measured. Result: The mean external diameter of the arterial perforators was 1.32 mm and the mean external diameter of the venous perforators was 1.48 mm. The largest arterial and venous perforators were most frequently found in the second intercostal space. The mean distance from the midline to the perforator was evaluated; the artery averaged 1.95 cm and the vein averaged 2.08 cm. Conclusion: This study will be helpful when using the internal mammary perforating vessels as a recipient vessel during breast reconstruction.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological characteristics of the thalamoperforating arteries that arise from the P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery. Methods: Thalamoperforating arteries located in the interpeduncular fossa were dissected in 26 formalin-fixed human cadaver brains. We investigated the origin site of thalamoperforating arteries from the P1 segment, number and diameter. and variations in their origin. Results: Thalamoperforating arteries arose from the superior, posterior or posterosuperior surfaces of the P1 segment at the mean 1.93 mm (range, 0.41-4.71 mm) distance from the basilar apex and entered the brain through the posterior perforated substance. The average number was 3.6 (range 1-8) and mean diameter was 0.70 mm (range 0.24-1.18 mm). Thalamoperforating arteries could be classified into five different types according to their origin at the P1 segment: Type I (bilateral multiple), 38.5%; Type II (unilateral single, unilateral multiple), 26.9%; Type III (bilateral single), 19.2%; Type IV (unilateral single), 11.5%; Type V (unilateral multiple), 3.8%. In 15.4% of all specimens. thalamoperforating arteries arose from the only one side of P1 segment and were not noted in the other side. In such cases, the branches arising from the one side of P1 segment supplied the opposite side. Conclusion: Variations in the origin of the thalamoperforating arteries should be keep in mind to perform the surgical clipping, endovascular treatment or operation involving the interpeduncular fossa. In particular, unilateral single branch seems to be very risky and significant for surgical technique or endovascular treatment.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.86-92
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that a dynamic facial composite flap with sensory and motor nerves could be made available from donor facial composite tissue. Methods: The faces of 3 human cadavers were dissected. The authors studied the donor faces to assess which facial composite model would be most practicable. A "panorama facial flap" was excised from each facial skeleton with circumferential incision of the oral mucosa, lower conjunctiva and endonasal mucosa. In addition, the authors measured the available length of the arterial and venous pedicles, and the sensory nerves. In the recipient, the authors evaluated the time required to anastomose the vessels and nerve coaptations, anchor stitches for donor flaps, and skin stitches for closure. Results: In the panorama facial flap, the available anastomosing vessels were the facial artery and vein. The sensory nerves that required anastomoses were the infraorbital nerve and inferior alveolar nerve. The motor nerve requiring anstomoses was the facial nerve. The vascular pedicle of the panorama facial flap is the facial artery and vein. The longest length was 78 mm and 48 mm respectively. Sensation of the donor facial composite is supplied by the infraorbital nerve and inferior alveolar nerve. Motion of the facial composite is supplied by the facial nerve. Some branches of the facial nerve can be anastomosed, if necessary. Conclusion: The most practical facial composite flap would be a mid and lower face flap, and we proposed a panorama facial flap that is designed to incorporate the mid and lower facial skin with and the unique tissue of the lip. The panorama facial composite flap could be considered as one of the practicable basic models for facial allotransplantation.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제12권9호
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2021

이 연구는 한국인 성인 시신의 얼굴근육을 해부하고 삼차원 스캔하여, 사실적인 얼굴근육의 형태를 삼차원 오브젝트를 만들고, 이를 통해 표정을 재현하여 카데바 얼굴근육의 복합적인 움직임을 삼차원적으로 관찰 가능한 교육 자료를 제작하는데 목적이 있다. 카데바 해부 사진 자료를 이용하여, 얼굴근육에 대해 삼차원 모델링 하였고, 네 가지 표정(슬픔, 미소, 놀람, 분노)에 따라 얼굴근육이 변화하는 삼차원 영상을 제작하였다. 이를 통해, 삼차원으로 구현한 카데바 얼굴근육의 복합적인 작용과 다양한 표정 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구결과는 얼굴근육의 개별적인 기능에 대한 정량적인 자료를 확인할 수는 없지만, 사실적이고 입체적인 카데바의 얼굴근육 형태를 관찰할 수 있고, 복합적인 얼굴근육의 작용으로 인한 표정 변화를 확인할 수 있다. 이러한 자료는 얼굴근육의 해부학적 교육 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.22.1-22.9
• /
• 2021

Background: Standing surgery in horses combining intravenous sedatives, analgesics and local anaesthesia is becoming more popular. Ultrasound guided (USG) peribulbar nerve block (PB) has been described in dogs and humans for facial and ocular surgery, reducing the risk of complications versus retrobulbar nerve block (RB). Objective: To describe a technique for USG PB in horse cadavers. Methods: Landmarks and PB technique were described in two equine cadaver heads (Phase 1), with computed tomography (CT) imaging confirming contrast location and spread. In Phase 2, ten equine cadaver heads were randomised to two operators naive to the USG PB, with moderate experience with ultrasonography and conventional "blind" RB. Both techniques were demonstrated once. Subsequently, operators performed five USG PB and five RB each, unassisted. Contrast location and spread were evaluated by CT. Injection site success was defined for USG PB as extraconal contrast, and for RB intraconal contrast. Results: Success was 10/10 for USG PB and 0/10 for RB (p < 0.001). Of the RB injections, eight resulted in extraconal contrast and two in the masseter muscle (p = 0.47). Conclusions: The USG PB had a high injection site success rate compared with the RB technique; however, we cannot comment on clinical effect. The USG technique was easily learnt, and no potential complications were seen. The USG PB nerve block could have a wide application for use in horses for ocular surgeries (enucleations, eyelid, corneal, cataract surgeries, and ocular analgesia) due to reduced risk of iatrogenic damage. Further clinical studies are needed.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 2022

The present study was performed to compare cranial tibial wedge osteotomy (CTWO) and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) through radiographic evaluation. The experiment was conducted with five cadaver dogs [mean (± SD) weight, 32.9 ± 4.1 kg; mean (± SD) age, 6 ± 2 years; three males and two females] euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study. The cadaver dogs consisted of German Shepherd (n = 3), Belgian Malinois (n = 1), and mixed breed (n = 1). CTWO and TPLO were carried out by the standard surgical method. Radiographic evaluation was performed by comparing several factors, including the flexion and extension angles, the anatomical mechanical axis angle (AMA-angle), tibial length, patellar height measurement using the Labelle-Laurin method, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), mechanical medial distal tibial angle (mMDTA), and frontal plane alignment (FPA). Both the CTWO and the TPLO groups showed significantly increased flexion angles after surgery. Only the CTWO group had significantly increased extension angle. Although both groups showed significant decreases in the AMA-angle, the mechanical axis moved cranially against the anatomical axis only in the CTWO group. The patellar height was significantly lowered in the CTWO group. No significant differences were found in mMPTA, mMDTA, or FPA. In conclusion, radiographic comparison revealed more changes in CTWO group than in TPLO group.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제65권2호
• /
• pp.307-314
• /
• 2022

Objective : The percutaneous thread transection technique is a surgical dissecting method using a dissecting thread inserted through a needle under ultrasound guidance without skin incision. As the new dissecting threads were developed domestically, this cadaver study was conducted to compare the effectiveness and safety between the new threads (ultra V sswire and smartwire-01) and a pre-existing commercial dissecting thread (loop & shear) by demonstrating a modified looped thread cubital tunnel release. Methods : The percutaneous cubital tunnel release procedure was performed on 29 fresh cadaveric upper extremities. The pre-existing commercial thread was used in 5 upper extremities. The two newly developed threads were used in 24 upper extremities. Two practitioners performed the procedures separately. After the modified looped thread cubital release, anatomical and histological analyses were performed by a blinded anatomist. The presence of the dissected cubital tunnel and damaged adjacent soft tissue was assessed. Results : Out of the 29 cadaveric upper extremities, 27 specimens showed complete dissection of the Osborne ligament and the proximal fascia of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. One specimen was incompletely dissected in each of the ultra V sswire and smartwire-01 groups. There were no injuries of adjacent structures including the ulnar nerve, ulnar artery, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, or flexor tendon with either the commercial thread or the newly developed threads. The anatomical analysis revealed clear and sharp incisional margins of the cubital tunnel in the Smartwire-01 and loop & shear groups. All three kinds of threads maintained proper linear elasticity for easy handling during the procedure. The smartwire-01 provided higher visibility in ultrasound than the other threads. Conclusion : The newly developed threads were effective and safe for use in the thread cubital tunnel release procedure.