• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2112-2118
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• 2017

Leuconostoc mesenteroides is used as a starter to produce high-quality kimchi products. In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers ($9.85{\times}10^8CFU/ml$) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. The CJM developed in this study was able to yield a comparable level of bacterial counts with MRS medium and reduced the cost by almost 10-fold.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 1995

$121^{\circ}C$에서 15분간 가압살균한 양배추즙액은 미생물번식 저해작용을 나타내기도 하였는데 이 가압살균한 앙배추즙액의 미생물번식 저해작용에 대한 미생물의 감수성은 미생물마다 차이가 있었다. 대체로 그람양성세균 중에서 젖산균은 내성이 컸던 반면 기타 그람양성세균은 내성이 낮았다. 효모의 번식도 대체로 크게 저해를 받았으며 그람음성세균은 비교적 저해정도가 적었다. 가압살균한 기타 다른 채소도 미생물번식 저해작용이 관찰되었다. 희석하지 않은 가압살균한 앙배추즙액에서는 번식 하지 못하였던 S. aureus와 C. utilis가 가압살균한 양배추즙액을 물로 희석한 경우 번식한 것을 보면 번식저해의 원인이 영양분 부족때문은 아닌 것으로 판단된다. 양배추즙의 가열 조건을 달리한 경우의 미생물번식을 보면 $100^{\circ}C$에서 20분, 30분 가열시에는 번식 저해효과가 없었고, $121^{\circ}C$에서 5분, 10분, 15분 가열하였을 때는 번식저해효과가 있었다. 양배추즙을 가열시 발생하는 저해물질은 가열온도가 높고, 가열시간이 길수록 더 많이 생성되었으며, 가압살균한 앙배추즙액에 의한 미생물번식 저해작용은 cysteine과 glutathione에 의해 어느 정도 반전되었다. 가압살균한 양배추즙액을 음이온교환수지처리하면 미생물번식 저해작용이 없어졌으나 이는 양배추의 항미생물성 물질이 높은 pH에서 불안정하였기 때문에 나타난 현상이었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1993

The aim of this study is to elevate the efficiency of salting with low salt concentration in order to improve the quality of salted Chinese cabbage. The efficiency of salting was tested with various sub-atmosphere(760mmHg to 0mmHg), temperature(20$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$), and concentration of salt(3%, 5% and 10%). The salting efficiency was estimated by amounts of juice, calcium elution, sodium penetration and the state of tissue. The amunts of juice eleuted from Chinese cabbage was increased significantly with the decrease of atmosphere and the time to reach the highest amounts was reduced. This tendency was promoted, with increase of salinigy(from 3% to 10%)and the increase of temperature(more juice at 30$^{\circ}C$ than 20$^{\circ}C$). The amounts of eluted calcium from Chinese cabbage tissue during salting under sub-atmosphere was directly proportional to amounts of juice and was inversely proportional to penetrated sodium. The salting time was reduced with elevation of sub-atmosphere. It was desirable to take between 5.5 and 9 hours to salt under the condition of 3% of salting, 20$^{\circ}C$, and 560-0mmHg. It took between 4.4 and 5 hours under 5% of salt and between 4 and 4.5 hours under 10% of salt. However, it was undesirable because the drying phenomenon and the transparency of tissue appeared under 30$^{\circ}C$ and 160-0mmHg.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.990-1000
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of Chinese cabbage powder as a natural replacement for sodium nitrite on the qualities of alternatively cured pork products. Chinese cabbages grown in Korea were collected and used for preparing hot air dried powder. Different levels of Chinese cabbage powder were added to pork products and evaluated by comparing these products to those with sodium nitrite or a commercially available celery juice powder. The experimental groups included control (100 ppm sodium nitrite added), treatment 1 (0.15% Chinese cabbage powder added), treatment 2 (0.25% Chinese cabbage powder added), treatment 3 (0.35% Chinese cabbage powder added), and treatment 4 (0.4% celery juice powder added). The cooking yields and pH values of treatments 1 to 3 were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the control. However, all of the alternatively cured products were redder (higher CIE a* values; p<0.05) than the control and this result was supported from higher nitrosyl hemochrome, total pigment, and curing efficiency. Furthermore, the inclusion of vegetable powders to these products resulted in considerably less residual nitrite content. However, Chinese cabbage powder (0.25% and 0.35%) was effective in producing alternatively cured meat products with a higher curing efficiency comparable to those of the traditionally cured control or the products with celery juice powder. Therefore, Chinese cabbage powder exhibited the efficacy for use as a natural replacer for alternatively cured meat products.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.403-406
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• 1989

To establish tile standard condition of uniformed Kimchi product, we introduced the concept of starter and studied the preparation of rapid-fermented Kimchi. Of the strains isolated from Kimchi, Kakdugi and infant's feces, M7 strain grew effectively on aseptic Chinese cabbage juice and on salted Chinese cabbage, the growth of M7 was decreased severely. Inoculated with M7 in salted Chinese cabbage, appropriate range of pH and lactic acid content were reached at 8-13 hrs and 12 hrs after addition of spices, respectively. The result of sensory evaluation was not significant at 5% level.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2012

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of anaerobic digestion of Chinese cabbage waste juice (CCWJ) and swine manure(SM). Methods: The anaerobic digestion test was conducted under batch and continuous conditions at mesophilic temperature ($36-38^{\circ}C$). The batch test was divided into Experiment I and II. In the Experiment I, biogas potential and production rate of CCWJ was evaluated. In Experiment II the effect of F/M ratio (2.0, 3.2, 4.9) at mixture ratio of 25:75(CCWJ: SM, % vol. basis) on biogas yield was studied. Results: CCWJ produced biogas and methane yield of 929 and 700 mL/g VS added respectively. The biogas yield from the mixture of CCWJ and SM was almost same at F/M ratio of 2.0 and 3.2 but dropped by 14% when F/M ratio increased from 3.2 to 4.9. In continuous test the mixture of CCWJ and SM (25:75, % vol. basis) produced biogas yield of 352 mL/g VS added which is around 11% higher compared to biogas yield from SM alone. Addition to biogas yield digester performance was also improved with co-digestion of CCWJ with SM. Conclusions: The results showed that the anaerobic digestion of CCWJ with SM could be promising for improving both the biogas yield and digester performance at mesophilic temperature.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 1990

김치류 발효 중에 분리 될 수 있는 젖산균은 Leu. mesenteroides, Lac. plantarum, Lac. brevis 및 Ped. pentosaceus와 같이 이미 잘 알려진 젖산균 외에도 젖산 생성능은 약하나 발효초기에 숫자나 번식속도면에서 Leu. mesenteroides와 비슷한 간균들이 여러종 발견되었다. 이 초기간균들은 Lac. leichimannii, Lac. fermentum, Lac, sake 등으로서 이들을 합쳐 초기 숫자가 $10^4\;cells/ml$를 능가하였고 발효 중 최대숫자 $10^9cells/ml$까지 번식하였다. 김치로부터 분리동정된 젖산균을 식염이 첨가되지 않은 배추즙액과 3.9%의 식염이 첨가된 배추즙액을 개별적으로 순수배양했을 때 Leu. mesenteroides한 종과 Lac. leichimannii는 산생성에 차이가 없었으나 Leu. mesenteroides 다른 한 종과 Lac. fermentum 및 Lac. plantarum은 식염이 존재할 때 산생성능이 저하되었다. 분리된 젖산균을 조합하여 복합균주로 3.9% 식염이 첨가된 배추즙액을 발효시켰을 때 초기간균들은 발효에 유의할만한 영향을 주지 못하였고, Leu. mesenteroides가 조합에 포함되어 산이 생성되었으며 최종 산생성량도 많았다. 김치원료 혼합물 중의 초기 젖산균수는 $10^4cells/ml$ 이상이었으며 Lac. plantarum수는 이보다 훨씬 적어서 $0.36{\sim}240cells/g$으로 나타났고 각 원료당 Lac. plantarum의 수는 특이하게 높은 숫자 $(3.6{\times}10^2{\sim}4.4{\times}10^6cells/g)$를 나타내는 깐마늘을 제외하고는 $0.0{\sim}240cells/g$의 범위에 있었다.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2019

배추즙을 유산균 배양 배지로 사용하기 위하여 배춧잎을 구연산 3%, 에탄올 7% 혼합용액으로 10분간 교반하여 세척하고 3분간 탈수하여 착즙한 결과, 세척수율은 80.82%, 착즙수율은 79.32%로 전체수율이 64.11% 이었고, 배추즙의 일반세균수가 3.69 log CFU/g으로 2.84 log CFU/g 감소하였고 유산균수가 2.01 log CFU/g으로 2.43 log CFU/g 낮아졌으며, 염도가 0.26%였고, pH가 2.98로 변화하여 상온에서 8일간 보관하면서 pH와 미생물수의 변화가 유의적이지 않아서 유산균 배양용 배지로 적합할 것으로 보인다. 또한 배춧잎은 구연산-에탄올 용액으로 세척하는 것이 구연산-에탄올-소금 용액으로 세척하는 것보다 수율과 미생물 감균효과가 더 높았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.343-347
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• 2019

배추 겉잎을 착즙하여 얻은 비가열 배추즙에 영양소를 첨가하지 않고 유산균을 접종하여 균수를 1 mL 당 10억 마리 이상으로 증식시키고 8.88 log CFU/mL 이상으로 4일간 유지하였다. 이때 배양조건은 배추즙 100 mL에 Leuconostoc mesenteroides WiKim32를 0.1% 접종하고 비살균 무첨가 배추즙을 매일 100 mL씩 첨가하고 1 M NaOH로 pH를 5.5로 조정하였으며 $20^{\circ}C$에서 4일간 정치 배양하였다. 배추즙은 배춧잎을 구연산과 에탄올로 세척하여 착즙하였고, pH를 6.0 이상으로 조정하면 초기 생육은 빠르나 후기에는 유산균의 생육이 억제되었고, 5.0 이하로 조정하면 조정 효과가 미약했으므로 5.5로 조정하였다. 이번 연구는 김치공장에서 종균을 경제성 있게 생산하는 방법으로 비살균 무첨가 배추즙에 유산균을 고농도로 배양할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 1991

the Chinese cabbage kimchi was fermented with the various submaterials such as hot pep-per garlic ginger leek green onion fermented anchovy juice and sugar according to the average contents of each submaterial described in the 39 kinds of references. And then the effects of each submaterial and lactic acid bacteria such as L. brevis. Leu. mesenteroides. P cerevisiae and L. plantarum on the content of carotenes were investigated, The major carotene in kimchi was $\beta$-carotene. And also $\delta$-carotene and $\alpha$-carotene were detected. Contents of $\beta$-carotene and total carotene were high in the kimchi containing leek red pepper powder green onion and fermented anchovy juice as a submaterial. But the kimchi containing or omitting the other submaterials were litter affected to the contents of carotene. Contents of $\beta$-carotene and total carotene were high in kimchi fermented with Leu. msenteroides L. brevis and P. cerevi-siae as a starter but was low with L plasntarum.