• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.415-421
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• 2015

Ca is material to used in Chinese cabbage (Brasica rapa L. spp. pekinensis). The variation of inorganic ions and GSLs in Chinese cabbage cultivated to control additional Ca contents in slaked lime. The additional fertilizer of slaked lime differ four grade that 0 g (Ca-0), 0.28 g (Ca-1), 0.56 g (Ca-2), 0.84 g (Ca-3) are week intervals with a total of 8 times after transplanting. Inorganic ions in Chinese cabbage ('Bulam plus') were analyzed to use inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectometry(ICP). The more additional slaked lime input, the more almost macronutrients contents were high except Ca. Ca contents were higher in Ca-0 (153.10) and lower in Ca-3 (130.55 mg/kg dry weight, DW). GSLs were identified based on peak retention time in previous results of our laboratory. Seven GSLs including two aliphatic (gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin), one aromatic (gluconasturtiin), four indolyl (glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin) were detected using HPLC. Progoitrin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and gluconasturtiin contents increased in proportion to the input in additional slaked lime. Total GSLs contents were Ca-0 (11.95), Ca-1 (17.02), Ca-2 (19.63), Ca-3 ($17.11{\mu}mol/g$ dry weight, DW). Total Ca and GSLs contents (Ca-1,2,3; mean 17.92) are higher than non treatment (Ca-0; $11.95{\mu}mol/g$ DW).

• BMB Reports
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 1996

Agents that activate or inhibit the $Ca^{2+}$ release channel in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) were tested for their abilities to affect the activity of the SR $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase. Vesicles of junctional SR (heavy SR, HSR) from terminal cisternae were prepared from porcine cardiac muscle by density gradient centrifugation. The steady-state activity of $Ca^{2+}$-ATPases in intact HSR vesicles was/$347{\pm}5\;nmol/min{\cdot}mg$ protein (${\pm}$ SD). When the HSR vesicles were made leaky, the activity was increased to $415{\pm}5\;nmol/min{\cdot}mg$ protein. This increase is probably due to the uncoupling of HSR vesicles. Caffeine (10 mM), an agonist of the SR $Ca^{2+}$ release channel, increased $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase activity in the intact HSR vesicle preparation to $394{\pm}30\;nmol/min{\cdot}mg$ protein. However, caffeine had no significant effect in the leaky vesicle preparation and in the purified $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase preparation. The effect of caffeine on SR $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase was investigated at various concentrations of $Ca^{2+}$. Caffeine increased the pump activity over the whole range of $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations, from $1\;{\mu}M$ to $250\;{\mu}M$, in the intact HSR vesicles. When the SR $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase was inhibited by thapsigargin, no caffeine effect was observed. These results imply that the caffeine effect requires the intact vesicles and that the increase in $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase activity is not due to a direct interaction of caffeine with the enzyme. We propose that the activity of SR $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase is linked indirectly to the activity of the $Ca^{2+}$ release channel (ryanodine receptor) and may depend upon the amount of $Ca^{2+}$ released by the channels.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2001

Ca/LiCl-KCl/CaCrO$_4$열 전지계의 양극재료로서 BCT(Body-Centered Tetragonal) 결정구조를 갖는 CaCrO$_4$분말을 GNP로 합성하고, SEM, TEM, XRD를 이용하여 그 미세구조를 분석하였다. GNP 공정에 의한 CaCrO$_4$분말은 단일상으로 0.5$mu extrm{m}$ 이하의 입자 크기를 가지며 균일하게 분포한 반면, 기존의 분말 혼합법은 높은 하수 온도 및 장시간의 하소 조건을 필요하므로 미세한 분말 합성이 어렵고 pellet 형태로 만들었을 때 GNP 분말에 비해 비표면적이 현저하게 작기 때문에 전극 재료로써 유리하지 못하다. Ca/LiCl-KCl/CaCrO$_4$계의 전기 화학적인 특성을 평가해본 결과 전지셀을 Ca/DEB(LiCl-KCl+CaCrO$_4$+SiO$_2$)와 같은 DEB 형태로 만들었을 때 $600^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 2.0 V이상 (<100 mA/㎤)의 안정한 전압이 5분 이상 유지되었다. 그러나 3층 전극 셀(Ca/LiCl/KCl/ CaCrO$_4$)에서는 동일한 온도에서 2.0 V이상 (<100 mA/㎤)의 전압이 7분 이상 유지되었으나 불안정한 전압 변동 및 낮은 peak voltage로 인해 DEB 셀의 전지 특성이 더 우수한 것으로 생각된다. 양극 재료의 제조 방법의 관점에서 볼 때, 동일한 DEB(Depolarizer : Electrolyte : Binder=25 : 70 : 5 wt%) 조성의 셀 구성시, GNP 분말은 분말 혼합법에 의한 분말보다 반응 표면적이 훨씬 크기 때문에 GNP 양극 활 물질의 DEB 셀에서의 전지 수명이 더 길었다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.263-263
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• 1996

Infection of fish cells with IHNV resulted in gradual increase in cytosolic free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration $([Ca^{2+}]_i)$ in CHSE, gradual decrease in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in FHM, and no significant change in RTG cells. The degree of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase or decrease was dependent on the amount of infectious virus, and these $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ variations were maximal at 16 hours after virus infection (p. i.) in both cell lines. When the fish cells were infected with inactivated IHNV, evident variation in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was not observed. Thus, infectivity of IHNV appears to correlate with changes in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in virus-infected cells. These IHNV-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ changes were partially blocked by cycloheximide, but not affected by cordycepin. It seems to be that virus-induced $Ca^{2+}$ variations were more related with protein synthesis than RNA synthesis. Various $Ca^{2+}$ related drugs were used in search for the mechanisms of the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, changes following IHNV infection of CHSE cells. Decreasing extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration or blocking $Ca^{2+}$ influx from extracellular media inhibited the IHNV-induced increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, in CHSE cells. Similar results were obtained with intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ blockers. Thus it is suggested that both the extracellular and the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ sources are important in IHNV-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in CHSE cells.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.238-239
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• 2018

This paper presents the synthesis results of CaO-Al₂O₃ system clinker using the CaCO₃ and the Al₂O₃ according to the synthesis methods dependent on the temperature. The purpose of this study is the formation of the CaO-Al₂O₃ system clinker containing high ratio of CaO·2Al₂O₃ (CA₂). The maximum sintering temperature for the synthesis of CaO-Al₂O₃ compounds was 1250℃, 1300℃ and 1400℃. The CaO-Al₂O₃ compounds was sintered at the maximum sintering temperature for three hours. After sintering, the compounds was analyzed using X-ray diffraction method. The 12CaO·7Al₂O₃ (C1₂A₇) and CaO·Al₂O₃ (CA) increased as elevating the maximum sintering temperature whereas the CA₂ decreased. Especially, at the 1250℃ of maximum sintering temperature, the un-reacted CaO and Al₂O₃ was identified.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.185-206
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• 2001

셀룰라 오토마타(CA)는 복합체(complex system)의 특성과 행태를 분석하거나 시뮬레이션 하기 위해서 고안된 이론적 체계로 자연과학 및 공학의 여러 분야에서 연구되어왔다. 최근 GIS 분야에서는 CA가 가지고 있는 시공간적 동적 모델 구현의 개념적 우수성과 래스터 GIS와의 유사성에 근거하여 CA와 GIS를 이용한 다양한 모델링 연구가 발표되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 연구에서 개발된 CA모델들은 GIS의 제한된 기능을 바탕으로 구현되어 CA가 가지고 있는 장점들을 충분히 활용하고 있지 못하며 실제적인 모델링 연구에 활용될 수 있는 통합시스템이 개발되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 CA를 GIS의 모델링 엔진으로 결합하여 동적 공간 모델링 혹은 시뮬레이션을 수행할 수 있는 범용의 CA-GIS 통합시스템을 개발하였다. 이러한 CA-GIS 통합시스템을 개발하였다. 이러한 CA-GIS 통합시스템은 GIS의 동적 공간 모델링 기능을 대폭 보완할 수 있을 것으로 기대되며 도시성장 예측모델 개발과 같은 실제적인 모델링 연구 수행에 효과적인 도구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.313-322
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• 1998

In a myocyte freshly isolated from rabbit cerebral artery, the characteristics of $Ca^{2+}$ release by histamine or caffeine were studied by microspectrofluorimetry using a $Ca^{2+}-binding$ fluorescent dye, fura-2. Histamine (5 ${\mu}M$) or caffeine (10 mM) induced a phasic rise of cytoplasmic free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration $([Ca^{2+}]_C)$ which could occur repetitively with extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ but only once or twice in $Ca^{2+}-free$ bathing solution. Also, the treatment with inhibitor of sarcoplasmic reticulum $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ suppressed the rise of $[Ca^{2+}]_C$ by histamine or caffeine. In $Ca^{2+}-free$ bathing solution, short application of caffeine in advance markedly attenuated the effect of histamine, and vice versa. In normal $Ca^{2+}-containing$ solution with ryanodine (2 ${\mu}M$), the caffeine-induced rise of $[Ca^{2+}]_C$ occurred only once and in this condition, the response to histamine was also suppressed. On the other hand, in the presence of ryanodine, histamine could induce repetitive rise of $[Ca^{2+}]_C$ while the amplitude of peak rise became stepwisely decreased and eventually disappeared. These results suggest that two different $Ca^{2+}-release$ mechanisms (caffeine-sensitive and histamine-sensitive) are present in rabbit cerebral artery myocyte and the corresponding pools overlap each other functionally. Increase of $[Ca^{2+}]_C$ by histamine seems to partially activate ryanodine receptors present in caffeine-sensitive pool.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1996

CaO를 $HNO_3$로 용해하여 제조한 (NO$Ca_3$)$_2$용액을 $NH_4$OH로 pH를 조절하고, 상압하의 온도에서 (NH$_4$)$_2$HPO$_4$를 주입시켜서 소정의 시간동안 Ca,,(PO$_4$),(OH)$_2$합성실험을 하였다. Ca,,(PO$_4$),(OH)$_2$는 pH 10~13 범위에서 생성되었고 이 HAP의 입경을 전자현미경으로 조사한 결과 0.1~0.5$mu extrm{m}$이었다. 반응온도는 $40~70^{\circ}C$, 결정화온도 $90^{\circ}C$이며 반응시간은 30분이 적당하였다. 생성된 Ca\ulcorner(PO$_4$)\ulcorner(OH)$_2$는 $500^{\circ}C$, 1시간동안 하소하여도 변화하지 않으나 80$0^{\circ}C$에서 1시간동안 하소한 시료는 $Ca_3$($PO_4$)$_2$와 HAP, CaO로 변화되었고, 구형의 미립자로 되어 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제4권7호
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• pp.798-807
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• 1994

$BaTio_{3}$에 Ca가 첨가되면 상온 저항을 증가시키며 이는 $Ca^{2+}$가 $Ti^{4+}$를 치환하여 acceptor 불순물을 형성하기 때문이라고 생각된다. 그러나 $Ca^{2+}$는 $Ti^{4+}$보다 이온 반경이 크므로 그 자리를 치환하지 않는다는 주장도 있다. 본 실험에서는 $BaTiO_{3}$에 의한 acceptor가 존재하는지 알아보기 위하여 Ba/(Ti+Ca+Nb)=1이 되도록 Ca와 Nb를 첨가하여 산소 분압의 변화에 따른 고온 평형 전기 전도도를 측정하였다. 측정은 $1000^{\circ}C$에서 행하였으며 산소 분압은 $10^{-15}$ ~ 1 기압의 범위에서 조절하였다. 첨가된 Ca와 Nb의 농도를 변화시킨 결과, acceptor와 donor의 상호 보상 효과가 나타났다. 즉, Nb에 의한 donor를 보상하는 acceptor가 존재함을 확일하였고, 전도도 곡선의 결함 화학적인 해석에 의하여 Ca가 Ti자리를 치환함을 알았다. 이러한 acceptor의 존재는 ICTS에 의해서도 확인되었다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2011

Redox regulation is one of the ubiquitous mechanisms to modulate ion channels. We here investigated how 5,5'-dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid), a cysteine specific oxidizing reagent, modulates $Ca_v3.1$ and $Ca_v3.2$ T-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Application of the reagent inhibited $Ca_v3.1$ and $Ca_v3.2$ currents in a dose-dependent manner. The oxidizing reagent (1 mM) reduced the peak amplitude of $Ca_v3.1$ and $Ca_v3.2$ currents by ~50% over 2-3 minutes and the decreased currents were fully recovered upon washout of it. The reagent slowed the activation and inactivation kinetics of $Ca_v3.1$, $Ca_v3.2$, and $Ca_v3.3$ channel currents. Notably, the reagent positively shifted both activation and steady-state inactivation curves of $Ca_v3.1$, while it did not those of $Ca_v3.2$. Utilizing chimeric channels from $Ca_v3.1$ and $Ca_v3.2$, we localized the domains III and IV of $Ca_v3.1$ responsible for the positive shifts of channel activation and steady-state inactivation. These findings provide hints relevant to the electrophysiological and molecular mechanisms accounting for the oxidative regulation of T-type channels.