• Title/Summary/Keyword: butane

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The Effect of N-butane and Propane on Performance and Emissions of a SI Engine Operated with LPG/DME Blended Fuel (LPG/DME 혼합연료를 사용하는 전기점화 기관에서 LPG 성분이 엔진 성능 및 배기특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Seok-Hwan;Oh, Seung-Mook;Choi, Young;Kang, Kern-Yong;Choi, Won-Hak;Cha, Kyoung-Ok
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.35-42
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    • 2009
  • In this study, a spark ignition engine operated with LPG and DME blended fuel was studied experimentally. The effect of n-butane and propane on performance and emissions of a SI engine fuelled by LPG/DME blended fuel were examined. Stable engine operation was achieved for a wide range of engine loads with propane containing LPG/DME blended fuel compare to butane containing LPG/DME blended fuel since octane number of propane was much higher than that of butane. Also, engine output operated with propane containing blended fuel was comparable to pure LPG fuel operation. Engine output power was decreased and break specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was increased with the blended fuel since the energy content of DME was much lower than that of LPG. Considering the results of engine output power, bsfc, and exhaust emissions, the propane containing LPG/DME blended fuel could be used as an alternative fuel for LPG.

Influence of Propane and Butane on Engine Performance in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition(HCCI) Engine (균질혼합압축점화기관에서 프로판과 부탄연료가 기관성능에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi Gyeung Ho;Kim Ji Moon;Han Sung Bin
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.29 no.3 s.234
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    • pp.417-423
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    • 2005
  • This paper describes the engine performance of a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition(HCCI) engine according to Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR), cylinder-to-cylinder, fuel of propane and butane. HCCI engines are being considered as a future alternative for diesel and gasoline engines. HCCI engines have the potential for high efficiency, very low NOx emissions and very low particulate matter(PM). On experimental work, we have done an evaluation of operating conditions in a 4-cylinder compression engine. The engine has been run with propane and butane fuels at a constant speed of 1800rpm. This work is intended to investigate the HCCI operation of the engine in this configuration that has been modified from the base diesel engine. The performance and emissions of the engine are presented. In this paper, the start of combustion(SOC) is defined as the $50{\%}$ point of the peak rate of heat release. SOC is delayed slightly with increasing EGR. As expected, NOx emissions were very low for all EGR range and nbuned HC and CO emission levels were high. CO and HC emissions are lower with using propane than butane as fuels of HCCI engines.

A Verification Test on Safety Standards of Portable Propane Gas Stove for Safe Camping Culture (안전한 캠핑 문화의 정착을 위한 야외용 프로판 연소기 안전기준 실증 연구)

  • Ahn, Hyun-Soo;Choi, Suel-Ki;Lee, Chang-Eon;Kim, Young-Gu
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2014.11a
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    • pp.293-294
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    • 2014
  • In Korea, only butane gas could be used as fuel gas of the outdoor gas stove. However, butane is not vaporized well at low temperatures. For this reason, in the field, nozzle of the portable butane gas stove is converted illegally to use propane gas. Because vapor pressure of propane gas is higher than that of butane gas at same temperature, gas accidents such as gas leakage could be occurred. To prevent gas accidents and use portable propane gas stoves safely, international standards need to be analyzed and verification tests need to be performed with prototype stove. This study could suggest to revise standard for safety improvement with portable propane gas stoves.

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A Study on the Source Profile of Volatile Organic Compounds from Major Emission Sources (휘발성 유기화합물의 주요 배출원의 배출물질 구성비에 관한 연구-오존 생성 전구물질을 중심으로-)

  • 김소영;한진석;김희강
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.233-240
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    • 2001
  • The composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was anlyzed for major emission sources such as vehicle exhaust, gasoline and diesel vapor, organic solvent vapor, and butane fuel gas. Low carbon-numbered hydrocarbons were found to be the dominant components of gasoline vehicle exhaust. In gasoline evaporative vapor, the predominant constituents were found to be butane and iso-pentane regardless of ambient air temperature. In case of diesel evaporative vapor was similar to those of gasoline evaporative vapor. The composition of organic solvent vapor from painting, ink and petroleum consisted mostly or aromatic compounds such as toluene and m, p, o-xylene. The hydrocarbon fraction of butane fuel gas. which is used by portable bunner, consisted mainly of propane (34%) and butane(70%).

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Study on n-Butane Autothermal Reforming for Portable Fuel Cell (휴대용 연료전지를 위한 부탄 자열개질에 관한 연구)

  • Bae, Gyu-Jong;Kang, In-Young;Lim, Sung-Kwang;Bae, Joong-Myeon;Kim, Ju-Yong;Lee, Chan-Ho
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.30 no.11 s.254
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    • pp.1123-1130
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    • 2006
  • This study discusses about research efforts of hydrogen generation from hydrocarbon(e.g., diesel, gasoline, natural gas, and LPG), especially, butane reforming by using Autothermal Reforming Reaction (ATR) technology. Several catalysts were selected for butane ATR. Thermodynamic reactor conditions (temperature, $O_2$/C, S/C) are varied and reforming characteristics of 2 catalysts (Pt and Rh on ceramic supports) and 1 commercial catalyst (FCR-HC35) have been examined. To understand reaction behaviors in an ATR reactor comprehensively, temperature profiles of reactor were observed. By mass transfer limitation, fuel conversion decreases when GHSV increases. Significant temperature variation along the reactor was observed and it was mainly due reaction kinetics difference between exothermic oxidation and endothermic reforming reaction.

Solvent Free N-Heterocyclization of Primary Amines to N-Substituted Azacyclopentanes Using Hydrotalcite as Solid Base Catalyst

  • Dixit, Manish;Mishra, Manish;Joshi, P.A.;Shah, D.O.
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.1457-1464
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    • 2012
  • An ecofriendly catalytic route for selective synthesis of $N$-substituted azacyclopentanes, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic intermediates for many bioactive compounds, was established by carrying out $N$-heterocyclization (di $N$-alkylation) of primary amines with 1,4-dichloro butane (as dialkylating agent) using catalytic amount of hydrotalcite as solid base catalyst. The hydrotalcite was found to be efficient solid base catalyst for di $N$-alkylation of different primary amines (aniline, benzyl amine, cyclohexyl amine and n-butyl amine) giving 82 to 96% conversion (at optimized reaction condition) of 1,4-dichloro butane and > 99% selectivity of respective $N$-substituted azacyclopentanes within 30 min. under solvent free condition. The reaction parameters significantly influence the conversion of 1,4-dichloro butane to $N$-substituted azacyclopentanes. The nature of substituent present on amino group affects the reactivity of amine substrates for di $N$-alkylation reaction with 1,4-dichloro butane. The 1,4-dichloro butane was found to be highly reactive alkylating agent for di $N$-alkylation of amines as compared to 1,4-dihydroxy butane. The reusability of the catalyst and its chemical stability in the reaction was demonstrated.

LPG Spray Characteristics in a Multi-hole Injector for Gasoline Direct Injection (분사조건에 따른 가솔린 직접분사용 다공 분사기에서의 LPG 분무특성)

  • Jung, Jinyoung;Oh, Heechang;Bae, Choongsik
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2014
  • Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is regarded as an alternative fuel for spark ignition engine due to similar or even higher octane number. In addition, LPG has better fuel characteristics including high vaporization characteristic and low carbon/hydrogen ratio leading to a reduction in carbon dioxide emission. Recently, development of LPG direct injection system started to improve performance of vehicles fuelled with LPG. However, spray characteristics of LPG were not well understood, which is should be known to develop injector for LPG direct injection engines. In this study, effects of operation condition including ambient pressure, temperature, and injection pressure on spray properties of n-butane were evaluated and compared to gasoline in a multi-hole injector. As general characteristics of both fuels, spray penetration becomes smaller with an increase of ambient pressure as well as a reduction in the injection pressure. However, it is found that evaporation of n-butane was faster compared to gasoline under all experimental condition. As a result, spray penetration of n-butane was shorter than that of gasoline. This result was due to higher vapor pressure and lower boiling point of n-butane. On the other hand, spray angle of both fuels do not vary much except under high ambient temperature conditions. Furthermore, spray shape of n-butane spray becomes completely different from that of gasoline at high ambient temperature conditions due to flash boiling of n-butane.