• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1469-1472
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• 2019

자동차에 사용하는 CAN 버스는 노드에 주소를 부여하지 않기 때문에 여러 노드 중 하나가 해킹을 당하여 악의적인 데이터 프레임을 전송하여도 어느 노드가 해킹 당했는지 식별하기 어렵다. 하지만 이러한 CAN 버스의 내부 공격은 자동차의 안전에 큰 위협이 될 수 있으므로 CAN 버스의 물리 계층에서 신속하게 대처하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 CAN 버스 상에서 악의적인 데이터 프레임이 감지되면 침입 감지 시스템이 내부 공격 노드의 에러 카운터를 증가시켜서 버스에서 분리시킴으로서 악의적인 공격을 방어하는 기법을 제안하였다. 제안한 기법을 탑재한 CAN 컨트롤러를 Verilog HDL을 이용하여 구현하였고, 이를 통해 제안한 기법이 CAN 버스의 악의적인 내부 공격을 방어할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.156-164
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• 2018

This study analyzed the characteristics of Physical Environment of existing free shuttle bus Interior centered on elderly people who frequently use free shuttle buses. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data that can be used for improvement of existing free shuttle buses. In the case of the old type, in terms of accessible design, the middle entrance is not normally opened except the wheelchair occupant, so that the entrance of the front wheel is always used. Therefore, most elderly people go to the back seat and travel distance is twice longer. In addition, many stairs caused frequent inconveniences for boarding. In the case of the new type, it is planned to be a low-floor type, and various types of safety rods and handles, pictograms for enhancing the information convenience are well-equipped, and the measured value of the overall design characteristic is high. However, in the case of mental stability, it was confirmed that the seat of the bus is colored with a cold color system and is in a different relationship with the warm color which can feel mental stability. Overall, both old and new shuttle buses lack audiovisual feedback on bus routes and route guidance in terms of Supportive design. Also, since the cleaning tools and other miscellaneous items were left in the room, it became an obstacle to space utilization in terms of adaptable design. In terms of safety, both shuttle buses did not come into view with fire extinguishers shaded by miscellaneous items. Therefore, immediate action is unlikely in case of emergency. This problem should be resolved quickly.

• 교통기술과정책
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2016

• 서비스연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.62-81
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 전라북도 4개 시군의 농어촌버스 이용객을 대상으로 서비스 만족도와 정책 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인과 이들 사이의 영향 관계를 파악하여 향후 전라북도 농어촌버스 서비스 개선과 활성화 정책을 제안하는 것이다. 연구 대상 지역 4개 시군은 농어촌버스 이용객이 지속해서 감소하고 있으며, 최근 버스 이용 활성화를 위해 버스요금 단일화, 수요응답형 교통수단 등 여러 가지 교통정책을 시범적으로 추진하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 문헌 조사 후 농어촌버스 서비스 만족도 및 정책 만족도에 영향을 미치는 세 개의 주요 서비스품질 요인 경제성, 편리성, 안전성을 도출하였다. 그리고 기존 연구에서 제시한 연구모형을 수정하여 세 개의 요인이 서비스 만족도와 정책 만족도에 미치는 영향 관계, 그리고 서비스 만족도와 정책 만족도 사이의 영향 관계를 검증하는 연구모형을 제시하였다. 연구모형 검증에는 고창, 김제, 부안, 정읍 4개 시군의 버스정류장과 버스집하장 인근에서 이용객을 대상으로 수집한 총 520부의 설문 자료를 이용하였다. 검증 결과 경제성, 편리성, 안전성 3개 요인이 서비스 만족도에 통계적으로 긍정적(+) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 정책 만족도에는 편리성과 안전성만이 긍정적(+) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구가설과 달리 서비스 만족도와 정책 만족도 사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 영향 관계가 성립하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 연구가설과 다른 결과이지만, 전라북도 농어촌버스 교통정책 입안자와 실무관계자에게 단일요금제 정책, 서비스 만족도와 정책 만족도 개선에 관한 정책적 제언을 할 수 있는 의미 있는 결과였다. 결론에서 연구분석 결과와 단일요금제, 그리고 교통정책 등을 기반으로 서비스 만족도와 정책 만족도 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2023

This paper presents a proactive longitudinal motion planning algorithm for improving the safety of an automated bus. Since the field of view (FOV) of the autonomous vehicle was limited depending on onboard sensors' performance and surrounding environments, it was necessary to implement vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication for overcoming the limitation. After a virtual V2V-equipped target was constructed considering information obtained from V2V communication, the reference motion of the ego vehicle was determined by considering the state of both the V2V-equipped target and the sensor-detected target. Model predictive control (MPC) was implemented to calculate the optimal motion considering the reference motion and the chance constraint, which was deduced from manual driving data. The improvement in driving safety was confirmed through vehicle tests along actual urban roads.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2015

중앙버스전용차로도 도입으로 인해 무단횡단이 증가하였고 보행 교통 사망자 수 증가의 문제가 지속적으로 제기되고 있다. 이러한 중앙버스전용차로 횡단보도부 교통안전 수준 증진을 위해서는 공학적이고 분석적인 노력이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 향후 보행안전시설 연구의 기반자료를 마련하기 위해 중앙버스전용차로 정류소 횡단보도부 보행자의 보행행태 자료를 분석한다. 중앙버스전용차로 형태 중 무단횡단이 가장 많이 관측되는 '분리형 횡단보도' 형태인 서울시 '고속버스터미널역'을 조사지점으로 선정하여 영상자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 보행자 자료를 공간적 측면과 시간적 측면에서 위반행태를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 공간적 위반 보행자는 37.8%로 시간적 위반 보행자 3.4%에 비해 11.1배 높게 분석되었다. 본 연구를 통해 시간적 위반 보행자에 편중된 안전시설이 아닌 무단횡단 보행자의 절대 다수에 해당하는 공간적 위반 보행자에 안전대책도 필요하며 향후 시 공간적 위반 보행자의 무단횡단을 함께 억제하는 안전시설이 필요함을 제언한다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2017

PURPOSES : This study intends to estimate the tangible benefits derived from the integration of operations of an Express Intercity Bus Terminal and a Highway Service Area. METHODS: For the study, a highway service area was chosen to function as a bus terminal, integrating its services with that of a nearby bus terminal plagued by operating losses. The exercise also helped improve mobility owing to the introduction of local buses between the terminals and utilization of the existing infrastructure such as rest areas. Thus, a terminal that was not being utilized for its intended functionality was integrated with an existing facility to improve the utilization of both and subsequently aid local development. The impact of the exercise was then measured by evaluating the variation in utilization efficiency, operating costs, travel time between two regions (Seoul-Jeomchon and Seoul-Geumsan), and the social costs before and after the integration of the two facilities. RESULTS :The impact of the integration was an increase in utilization efficiency, a decrease in operating cost, a decrease in travel time, and a decrease in social cost in both the regions. The benefits of improved utilization and cost saving can be passed on to the citizens in the form of discounts. A local power generation facility will eventually replace the bus terminal, which can revitalize the local economy. CONCLUSIONS :The integration of the highway service area with the bus terminal is expected to have a win-win effect on the passengers as well as the operators. The study also proposes a sustainable strategic plan for existing terminals and rest areas to implement a method to compete with KTX transportation.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the association between emotional labor and job stress in bus drivers, as well as to propose management strategies for job stress. Methods: The study was conducted in February 2013 and involved 182 bus drivers working in the Gyeonggi area. Results: emotional labor was $9.5{\pm}2.34$ on average, and job stress was higher than the median of the same indicator among Korea's workers in the areas of physical environment, job autonomy, and relationship conflicts. Factors that affected job stress was lower if the subjects' Higher values for emotional labor indicated a higher level of job stress. Conclusion: To reduce among drivers, the following measures are necessary: increase the comfort of the driver's seat within the vehicle, provide adequate rest between bus headways, provide comfortable in-house rest facilities, and establish physical training spaces to reduce musculoskeletal disorders as well as programs for reducing back pain. In addition, relationship conflicts may be relieved by increasing job autonomy as much as possible, by granting autonomous control of working hours and bus headways, as well as by banning long work hours. Moreover, various club activities, exercise programs, and counseling programs that workers can be involved in together may be beneficial. This study is significant in that it identified the relationship of the bus drivers' emotional labor and job stress, which has previously been ignored as a research topic. Through its results, this study provides baseline data for the preparation of management strategies that can address the job stress of bus drivers.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.172-184
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• 2014

Economic growth with rising household income has put more vehicles on the roads worsening traffic congestion, road accidents, and air and noise pollution. This situation is further aggravated by the potential working population who choose to drive to work instead of taking public transportation. Public bus transport (PBT) plays an important role in alleviating these problems. PBT is underutilized in Malaysia, and there is an opportunity to increase ridership without substantial investment. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the factors that influence the use of PBT in Malaysia. The data were collected using structured questionnaires from 400 respondents. The results of the analysis show that the twin factors consisting of perceived satisfaction of and perceived importance by users towards safety and comfort of facilities and services offered by PBT are significantly related to intention to use those services. The satisfaction of availability of season tickets, the importance of reliability of bus schedule and time table, and the importance of ticket pricing are also significant. By providing insights for both public bus operators and the government, this paper contributes to mitigate the underutilization of PBT in Malaysia and the consequences of putting more vehicles on the roads. From the theory perspective, this paper also contributes by extending the theory of reasoned-action to transportation studies.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a Plug-In MCCB developed for rapid power supply restoration when the MCCB is installed in a power system and to verify its reliability. Since the developed 3 ${\Phi}$ 3 W Plug-In MCCB can be installed on and removed from a bus bar by one touch using a plug housed at the rear, it can be replaced in a short period of time. Therefore, it can quickly respond to the normalization of a power system. When the Plug-In MCCBB is installed on a bus bar, the resistance between each phase and plug was measured to be 0.46 $m{\Omega}$ in average. When the Plug-In MCCB is installed, the tension in the vertical direction was measured to be 112.78 N in average, which is greater than the tension of 50 N specified in the related regulation. The withstanding voltage tests performed 5 times repeatedly by applying 6 kV to the developed Plug-In MCCB for 60 seconds shows good withstanding voltage characteristics. In addition, both the general waterproof test using a water injection method and the insulation resistance analysis using a Mega meter showed good waterproof and insulation characteristics.