• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

Chickens at 3-weeks of age were inoculated with a highly virulent strain (SH/92) of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus(IBDV) through ocular and cloacal routes. The infected chickens were killed at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs post inoculation (PI) and Bursa of Fabricius(BF) were collected. The sizes of bursal follicules in infected chickens decreased at 48 to 96 hrs PI. Histologically the cellular changes were first evident at 12 hrs PI and characterized by condensation of nuclear chromatin of bursal lymphocytes indicating apoptosis. By 24 hrs PI apoptotic lymphocytes dramatically increased. In addition infiltration of heterophils were also seen in the follicles and in the interfollicular connective tissues. At 48 hrs PI, cystic cavities were observed in the follicles. As the infection advanced the bursal follicles showed atrophy accompanied by disappearance of heterophils and reduction in number of lymphocytes in the cystic cavities which was replaced by proteineous materials. The nuclei of most affected lymphocyte stained positively with the in situ end labeling for apoptosis. Electron microscopy showed viral particles with crystalline array in the lymphocytes of BF infected with IBOV. These results indicated that SH/92 IBDV infection in chickens caused increased apoptosis in the BF.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.920-929
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• 2017

Objective: The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a central humoral immune organ belonging specifically to avians. Recent studies had suggested that miRNAs were active regulators involved in the immune processes. This study was to investigate the possible differences of the BF at miRNA level between two genetically disparate duck breeds. Methods: Using Illumina next-generation sequencing, the miRNAs libraries of ducks were established. Results: The results showed that there were 66 differentially expressed miRNAs and 28 novel miRNAs in bursa. A set of abundant miRNAs (i.e., let-7, miR-146a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-17~92) which are involved in immunity and disease were detected and the predicted target genes of the novel miRNAs were associated with duck high anti-adversity ability. By gene ontology analysis and enriching KEGG pathway, the targets of differential expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in immunity and disease, supporting that there were differences in the BF immune functions between the two duck breeds. In addition, the metabolic pathway had the maximum enriched target genes and some enriched pathways that were related to cell cycle, protein synthesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis. It indicted that the difference of metabolism may be one of the reasons leading the immune difference between the BF of two duck breeds. Conclusion: This data lists the main differences in the BF at miRNAs level between two genetically disparate duck breeds and lays a foundation to carry out molecular assisted breeding of poultry in the future.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 1997

닭에 있어서 닭와포자충 갉염이 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위한 기초적 연구리 일환으로 파브리시우스낭의 병리조직학적 소견을 경시적으로 조사하고자 150마리의 2일령 SPF 병아리 (Drkalb-Warren, Sex-Sal-Link)에 닭와포자충의 오오시스트 $5{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$를 한 번에 경구투여하였타. 분변 속의 오오시스트 배설양상은 정상적이었으며. 파브리시우스낭 지수는 전 실험기간에 걸쳐 거의 변동이 없얹다 많은 수의 원충체가 접종 후 4-16일에 이 낭상피의 미세융또 가장자리에서 관찰되었으며 많은 수의 비만세포가 출현한 다음 원충체가 급격하게 소실하염다. 원충체의 분포상황과 상피 및 인접점막 고유층의 위호산구 침윤은 일치하였다. 이 병소는 상피. 인접 점막고유층의 위호산구 침율과 점만상피 증식을 동반한 미만성 만성 표재성 화농성 파브리시우스낭영의 병리조직학적 소견이었다 이러한 파브리시우스낭염은 면역억제를 유발할 건으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to study the protective role of polyherbal feed supplement (Growell) during induced mycotoxicosis in broilers. A total of 240 Vencobb broilers were divided at day old stage into eight equal groups. Group A served as control and was given plain feed, group B, D, F and H were given Growell at 0.35 g/kg of feed. Group C, D, G and H were given dietary aflatoxin $B_1$ at 0.2 ppm and groups E, F, G and H were given ochratoxin A at 0.2 ppm in feed to study effect of Growell on individual aflatoxicosis, ochratoxicosis and combined mycotoxicosis of broilers. The chicks were given their respective feeds from 1st day to 6th week of age and were vaccinated at 7th and 28th day of age with Lasota strain of Newcastle disease virus. There was no statistically significant effect of mycotoxins individually or in combination on body weight of broilers. However, body weights were highest in group B and lowest in co-mycotoxicated group G. Feed conversion ratio was best in group B followed by A, D, F, E, H and G. Significant improvement in haemoglobin values was observed in broilers due to feeding of Growell in ochratoxin and co-mycotoxicated groups. There was no significant effect of mycotoxin treatment on PCV, TEC and TLC of broilers. Due to single and combined mycotoxicosis, there was reduction in serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride and rise in alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and uric acid levels. Supplementation of diets with Growell reduced the alterations induced due to mycotoxins. There was a significant rise in per cent organ weight of liver and reduction of that of spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus of broilers fed mycotoxins. Protection from alteration in per cent organ weight of these organ by supplementation of Growell was recorded. The observed impaired immune response and histopathological changes in liver, kidney, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus of broilers given mycotoxins were protected by supplementation of Growell.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1548-1557
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels and molecular weights of fungal ${\beta}$-glucan on productive performances, health, carcass traits and meat quality in broilers. Methods: Two hundred and ten of one-day-old chicks with equal sex were assigned to seven experimental groups in $2{\times}4$ factorial arrangement. These groups were supplemented with (0, 10, 30, and 60 ppm) of molecular weight 1-3, 1-6 ${\beta}$-glucan (low or high). High molecular weight ${\beta}$-glucan (H: 943 kDa) was obtained from Ophiocordyceps dipterigena BCC 2073, whereas H with ${\gamma}$-Irradiation treatment was performed to achieve low molecular weight ${\beta}$-glucan (L: 8 kDa). Results: There was no statistical significance in productive performances, apparent digestibility and interaction between fixed factors along 42 days of experiment (p>0.05). A higher caecal amylase activity was present in the group that received L, while there was a dramatic decrease in H and the control groups, respectively (p<0.05). The increase of supplemental dose increased caecal amylase activity (p<0.05). Immunomodulatory effects from L was revealed by the marked increase of phagocytic activity, relative weight of thymus and bursa of fabricius (p<0.05). Similarly, the additive dose at 30 ppm provided the same results, whereas the only significant difference with supplementation at 60 ppm was an increase in phagocytic activity (p<0.05). Interestingly, villi height of broilers fed L was higher than other groups (p<0.05). The treatments did not influence haematology, blood chemistry, antibody production level against vaccination, carcass traits and meat quality (p>0.05). Conclusion: The supplementation of L at 30 ppm was suggested to achieve benefits of immune modulation without adverse effects on other parameters.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2024

A broiler farm in Jeonbuk province experienced high mortality due to decreased feed intake and poor growth, and pathological evaluation of 11- and 17-day-old broilers was performed, which led to the diagnosis of runting-stunting syndrome. From the start of the rearing period to shipment, 18.4% of the chickens in the three barns experiencing continuous culling and mortality were affected, compared to 7.7% in the other five barns. Gross findings on the 11-day-old broiler chicken revealed proventricular dilatation and hemorrhage, intestinal hemorrhage, urate deposition in the pericardium and renal tubule, nephropathy, and mild hepatic capsulitis. Similar proventricular dilatation and hemorrhage were observed in the 17-day-old broiler chickens. In addition, hepatitis and pericarditis were observed with the progression of secondary bacterial infection, and pathogenic Escherichia coli was isolated from these lesions. As a result of PCR, Newcastle disease virus, fowl adenovirus, chicken anemia virus and Marek's disease virus were not detected in the all tissue samples. In contrast, infectious bronchitis virus was detected in the proventriculus, kidney and cecal tonsil. chicken astrovirus was detected in the intestine, cecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius, and chicken parvovirus was detected in proventriculus, intestine, cecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius. By sharing the diagnostic process of a case of malabsorption syndrome through this case report, we hope that it can be widely utilized in the diagnostic process of livestock disease pathognomonic institutions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1051-1056
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• 2002

In vitro binding efficacy of esterified glucomannan (E-GM) (0.1%) on aflatoxin B1 (AF) (300 ppb), ochratoxin A (OA) (2 ppm) and T-2 toxin (T-2) (3 ppm), when present alone or in combination, was evaluated in toxin-contaminated feed at pH 4.5 and 6.5. Esterified glucomannan showed significantly (p<0.01) higher binding with AF (81.6%), whereas those recorded with T-2 (27.8%) and OA (25.6%) were moderate. Binding of each toxin decreased as the number of toxins in feed increased. pH of medium showed no effect on mycotoxin binding ability of E-GM. A $2{\times}2{\times}2{\times}2$ factorial experiment of 5 week duration was conducted to study the effects of two dietary levels each of AF (0 and 300 ppb), OA (0 and 2 ppm), T-2 (0 and 3 ppm ) and E-GM (0 and 0.1%) on the immune competence of a total of 960 day-old commercial broilers. Reductions in size of thymus (by AF and T-2) and bursa (by AF) and antibody titers against Newcastle disease and Infectious Bursal disease (by all the toxins) were noted. Additive and antagonistic interactions were seen among the toxins on certain parameters. Esterified glucomannan significantly (p<0.01) improved antibody titers and weights of bursa ofFabricius and thymus indicating its counteracting efficacy against immunosuppression in mycotoxicosis of multiple origin.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 1990

In a attempt to find out the effects of the irradiation on the lymphatic organs of birds, a total of 40 chickens(4 week old) were selected at random and alloted to control and experimental groups. The experiments were irradiated Co-60 ${\gamma}-ray/400$ rads, and then the enzyme histochemical activity of Bursa Fabricious(BF), thymus and spleen and hematological changes were compared with those of controls for 30 days(24 hrs., 5, 10, 20 and 30 days). The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The activity of acid phosphatase(ACP) of the reticuloendothelial cells of BF, thymus and spleen and the epithelia of BF of the experiments were increased significantly from the early experimental terms and then returned to the same level of controls through the late experimental terms. 2. The activity of nonspecific esterase(NSE) of the constituent cells with exception of the lymphocytes in BF, thymus and spleen of experiments were increased significantly from the early experimental terms and then returned to the same level of control through the late experimental terms. 3. The lymphocyte percentage, total erythrocytes and homoglobin of the experiments were severely decreased from early experimental terms and then increased to the normal levels of them incontrols.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1992

The influences of dietary aflatoxin B1 on performance, on hematologic, pathologic and immunologic changes in broiler chickens were studied. One hundred and fifty hatched broiler chickens were fed with diet containing aflatoxin B1 (1.0 ppm and 2.5 ppm) fot three weeks. Blood samples, serum, and immune organs were obtained to investigate hematological, clinico-chemical, and histopathologial changes. Body weight gain and feed intake were significantly decreased. The liver and kidney were increased, whereas the bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus were decreased.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.152-157
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• 1995

A total of 1050 layer and broiler chickens from 63 flocks of 21 poultry farms in South-Kyeonggi area, aged from 1 to 18 weeks, were investigated for the prevalence of Cryptosporidium baileyi infection from May 1992 to March 1993. The results have shown that 44 chickens(4.19%) were infected with C.(baileyi during the period of investigation) Fecal samples were treated by using Sheather's flotating technique and were examined under the light and phase contrast microscopy and then stained by Kinyoun method. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 35 out of 650 broilers(5.4%) and 9 out of 400 layer chickens(2.3%) aged mainly from 2 to 12 weeks. The regional infection rate were 4.7% in Pyeong-taek, 5.1% in An-sung and 2.3% in Yong-in, respectively. The average size of isolated oocyst was about $5.23{\times}4.92{\mu}m$ and the oocysts were orally inoculated into 2-day-old SPF chickens for the histological examination of oocyst in bursa of Fabricius. The study has concluded that C. baileyi infects chickens and oocysts were isolated in South-Kyeonggi area.