• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.400-410
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding the broilers that are exposed to extreme heat stress by control of inverse lighting times with night restricted feeding of extreme heat diet(EHD1, 2: extreme heat diet) containing different amount of soy oil, molasses, amino acids and vitamin C on short chain fatty acid and blood lipid profile. 300 broiler chickens(Abaica strain) were randomized into four dietary treatment groups according to a randomized block design on the day they were hatched. The four dietary treatment groups were: T1(EHD 1, 10:00~19:00 Dark, 19:00~10:00 Light), T2(EHD 2, 10:00~19:00 Dark, 19:00~10:00 Light), T3(EHD 1, 09:00~18:00 Dark, 18:00~09:00 Light), T4(EHD 2, 09:00~18:00 Dark, 18:00~09:00 Light). The body weight gain of the broilers was highest in T2, and high in order T1, T4, T3(p<0.05). Weights of the lymphoid organ, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were high in T1, T2 as compared to T3, T4 but spleen was lower in T4 than T1, T2, T3(p<0.05). Blood triglyceride, total cholesterol and glucose were higher in T1, T2 than T3, T4(p<0.05). LDL-C was high in orderT4, T3, T2, T1 but HDL-C showed the opposite trend(p<0.05). Blood concentrations of IgG, IgG and IgM were higher in T1, T2 than inT3, T4, but the corticosterone concentration decreased significantly in them. In T1 and T2, Lactobacillus in the feces increased, but total aerobic bacteria, E.coli, coliform bacteria was decreased rather significantly, compared with those in T3 and T4(p<0.05). Concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid and total SCFA in cecum were high in order T2, T1, T3, T4, but butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid were lower in T1, T2 than in T3, T4 (p<0.05).

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.74-78
• /
• 2009

목적: 견관절에 발생한 석회화 건염에 대해 초음파 감시하 다발성 천공술의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 어깨 통증으로 내원하여 견관절 석회화 건염을 진단받은 환자 중 초음파 감시하에 다발성 천공술을 시행받은 18예를 대상으로 하였고 추시 기간은 평균 17주 였다. 시술은 초음파 감시 하에 침착된 석회에 대한 흡인 혹은 다발성 천공을 시행하였고 인접 점액낭에 국소마취제와 스테로이드를 주입하였다. 임상적 평가는 시술 전과 최종 추시 시의 통증에 대한 시각점수척도(visual analogue scale), UCLA 점수(UCLA score)와 한국견관절 점수(KSS score)를 사용하여 평가하였고, 초음파상 평가는 석회 침착의 크기와 상태를 비교하였다. 결과: 시술 후 통증에 대한 시각척도점수와 UCLA 점수 및 한국견관절 점수는 모두 통계적으로 의미 있게 호전되었고(p<0.05), 침착 된 석회는 39%에서 거의 대부분 혹은 완전하게 소실되었으며, 61%에서는 크기가 감소하였다. 결론: 초음파를 이용한 다발성 천공술은 견관절의 석회화 건염에서 즉각적인 통증 조절과 임상 증상의 회복을 도모할 수 있으며 침착 된 석회를 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있는 유용한 방법으로 판단된다.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.211-218
• /
• 1985

잣나무(Pinus koraiensis S. et. Z.)와 일본잎갈나무(Larix leptolepis Gordon) 상체상(床替床)에 있어서 잡초방제(雜草防除)를 목적(目的)으로 6종(種)의 제초제(除草劑)를 묘이식(苗移植) 7일(日) 후에 토양처리(土壤處理)하여 제초효과(除草效果) 및 수목(樹木)의 약해(藥害)를 검정하였고 토양표면처리시(土壤表面處理時) 비산(飛散), 부주의(不注意) 등으로 야기될 수 있는 약해유무(藥害有無)를 판정하기 위하여 수목(樹木)에 대한 경엽처리(莖葉處理)를 약해(藥害) 및 생육상황(生育狀況)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같다. 1. 공시약제(供試藥劑)의 토양표면처리(土壤表面處理) 결과(結果) 표준시용량(標準施用量)에서 화본과(和本科) 잡초(雜草)에 대한 살초효과(殺草效果)는 oxyfluorfen, alachlor, terbutryn은 85~90%의 방제율(防除率)로 우수(優秀)하였고 pendimethalin과 simazine은 78%내외(內外)의 방제율(防除率)이였으며 ustinex는 60%정도(程度)의 방제율(防除率)을 나타냈다. 2. 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草)에 대한 살초효과(殺草效果)는 simazine, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, terbutryu 순(順)으로 70~80%의 방제율(防除率)을 나타냈다. 3. 다년생(多年生) 잡초(雜草)인 쑥, 메꽃에 대해서의 살초효과(殺草效果)는 ustinex와 oxyfluorfen이 85% 이상(以上)의 우수(優秀)한 방제율(防除率)을 나타냈고 기타 공시약제(供試藥劑)는 50% 이하(以下)의 저조한 방제율(防除率)을 나타냈다. 4. 토양표면처리(土壤表面處理) 결과(結果) 잣나무와 일본잎갈나무에 대한 초기약해(初期藥害)는 나타나지 않았으며 생육현황(生育現況)도 관행구(慣行區)에 비하여 떨어지지 않았다. 5. 경엽처리(莖葉處理)는 없었으며 생육(生育)은 관행구(慣行區)에 비하여 뒤지지 않았으며 일본잎갈나무에 대한 초기약해(初期藥害)는 ustinex, oxyfluorfen, terbutryn, pendimethalin처리구(處理區)의 순(順)으로 크게 나타나고 있었으며 생육현황(生育現況)도 약해정도(藥害程度)에 비례하여 상당히 저조하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 1998

작약 재배지에서 발생하는 잡초의 종류와 우점초종을 조사하여 잡초 방제의 기초 자료로 활용코자 경북의 의성, 영천 농가 작약 포장을 대상으로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 의성, 영천지역 작약재배지에 발생하는 초종수는 각각 14과 29종, 16과 30종의 잡초가 발생하였으며 두지역에서 총 17과 33종의 잡초가 발생하였다. 2. 잡초(雜草)의 분류학적(分類學的) 분포(分布)는 국화과 9종, 화본과 4종, 십자화과 3종, 마디풀과와 현삼과, 대극과가 각각 2종 등이었다. 3. 잡초의 생활사별 분류에 의한 발생비율은 일년생(一年生)이 19종(種)으로 57.6%, 월년생(越年生)이 8 종(種)으로 24.2%, 다년생(多年生)이 6 종(種)으로 18.2%이었다. 4. 형태적(形態的) 특성별(特性別) 잡초발생 초종은 화본과(禾本科) 4(12.1%), 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草) 25(84.8%), 사초과(莎草科) 1종(種)(3.1%)이었다. 5. 작약밭에 발생하는 주요 우점초종(優占草種)은 4월하순에는 냉이, 명아주, 쇠뜨기, 망초, 씀바귀, 6월하순에는 바랭이, 망초, 피, 쇠비름, 명아주, 8월하순에는 바랭이, 망초, 피, 쇠비름, 명아주 등의 순으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권7호
• /
• pp.3023-3027
• /
• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the effects of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cytokeratin 19 (CK19), cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and survinin gene expression on local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) who were administered radiotherapy (RT). Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients who were admitted to Uludag University Medical Faculty Department of Radiation Oncology with a diagnosis of LAHNC (GIII-GIV) were included in this study. Gene expression was evaluated in tumor tissues and peripheral blood. RNA isolation was performed on paraffinized tumor tissues and peripheral blood samples obtained before RT (BR). The densities of the obtained RNAs were analyzed at 260/280 nm. cDNA samples obtained from total RNA,EGFR, CK19, CK20 and survinin gene expression levels were assessed via the Sybr Green method and data were analyzed with the ${\Delta}{\Delta}Ct$ method. The same process was repeated for peripheral blood samples taken after RT (AR). Results: The female/male ratio was 3:23 and the mean age was 56.5 years (38-75years). After radiotherapy, CK19 and CK20 levels in the peripheral blood were found to be correlated according to Pearson correlation analysis(p=0.049). This result indicates a possibility of remaining positive for CK19 and CK20 in the peripheral blood even after RT in patients with CK19, CK20, and EGFR positive tumors before RT. There was a statistically significant correlation between survinin levels measured BR and AR (p=0.028). Conclusions: In this study, we found that patients with any EGFR, CK19, CK20 or survinin positivity in their peripheral blood obtain less benefit from radiotherapy. A wider patient population and advanced protein analyses are necessary in order to increase the reliability of our findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권7호
• /
• pp.4115-4119
• /
• 2013

Background: Previous reports have shown that human epidermal receptor (HER)-3 overexpression may be associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer, but results have been conflicting. In this study, we sought to investigate the prognostic significance of HER-3 immunohistochemical expression in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed HER-3 immunohistochemical expression profiles in 45 paraffin-embedded specimens from patients who had been treated between 1996 and 2006 in the Department of Oncology of the Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey. Membranous or cytoplasmic dominant expression patterns of HER-3 were analyzed using the Rajkumar score and a cytoplasmic 4-point scoring system, respectively. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) served as the main outcome measures. Results: The median PFS in the study participants was 9 months (interquartile range: 4.5-13 months), whereas the median OS was 20 months (interquartile range: 7.5-28 months). Categorization of the patient population according to HER-3 positive immunohistochemical expression did not reveal any statistically significant difference in terms of both PFS (p=0.70) and OS (p=0.81). The results of multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that tumor size was the only independent predictor of PFS, whereas estrogen and progesterone receptor status was independently associated with OS. Conclusions: HER-3 immunohistochemical expression did not correlate with outcomes in Turkish patients with metastatic breast cancer. Although our results suggest that HER-3 expression in cancer specimens is not of prognostic significance, further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these results.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.690-699
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth performance, immune status, organs weights, and microarchitecture of lymphoid organs and small intestine. Methods: A total of 120, 1-d-old broiler chicks were distributed into the following four treatment groups: corn-soy based basal diet (BD) without supplement (control), or the same BD supplemented with 0.1 g/kg zinc bacitracin (ZnB), 0.5 g/kg SB (SB-0.5), or 1.0 g/kg SB (SB-1), respectively. Six birds/group were killed on d-21 and d-35, and samples were collected. Results: Cell-mediated immune response at 48 h post-Phytohemagglutinin-P injection, and antibody titer against Newcastle disease vaccine and sheep red blood cells on d-35 was noted higher (p<0.05) in SB-1 compared to ZnB and control. Lower (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) was attained by the supplemented groups. Thymus and spleen weighed more (p<0.05) in SB-1, and bursa registered more (p<0.05) weight in both SB groups compared to control. On d-21, areas of thymus medulla and spleen germinal centers were noted higher (p<0.05) in SB-1 group. The villus height and villus surface area increased (p<0.05) in duodenum and jejunum in both SB groups on d-21, and in SB-1 on d-35, respectively compared to ZnB and control. On d-21, number of goblet cells containing mucins of acidic nature increased (p<0.05) in all the segments of small intestines in SB-1 group compared to control, and on d-35 in ileum compared to other groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, SB improved growth performance and immunity as well as modulated morphology of lymphoid organs and gut mucosa in broiler chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.672-682
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic with and without feed restriction on broilers performance, blood parameters, carcass characteristics, and feed cost of production from 1 to 56 days of age. Methods: Two hundred and forty unsexed one day-old chicks of Arbor Acres breed were used. Two trials, I and II, were conducted, with 120 birds in both. Each trial was divided into 4 equal groups. The birds in trial I were fed ad libitum throughout the experiment, while the chicks in trial II were fed ad libitum during the first week of age, then subjected to 5 hours/d of feed restriction from the beginning of the second week up to the end of the experiment. In both trials, the birds in group 1 were fed on a control diet while the other groups were given the same control diet supplemented either with a probiotic in group 2, prebiotic in group 3, or synbiotic in group 4. Results: It was found that chicks fed diets supplemented with probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic (with and without feed restriction) exhibited higher body weight and feed efficiency than chicks fed the control diets. The feed additives in both trials did not affect hemoglobin, serum total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, and total cholesterol, except the packed cell volume which was increased in the additive treatments with restriction at the end of the experiment. Moreover, the dietary treatments did not influence the carcass yield. However, the relative weights of liver, gizzard and proventriculus, small intestine and bursa of fabricius were found to be increased. The additives decreased the visible fat in the carcass, with more decreasing effect in the additive groups with restriction. The lowest feed cost per kg of weight gain was observed in the birds fed diets supplemented with synbiotic, probiotic and prebiotic. Feed restriction improved the feed conversion ratio, economic return, but decreased the feed intake, serum total cholesterol and visible fat in comparison with non-restricted groups. Conclusion: The biological feed additives could be routinely added to broiler diets, especially when a feed restriction program is followed. Finally, it can be recommended to restrict feed, and add probiotic or synbiotic to increase weight, improve feed conversion rate and reduce feed cost of production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권11호
• /
• pp.1651-1658
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of either 100 mg/kg chito-oligosaccharide (COS) or chlortetracycline (CTC) with corn-soybean-fish meal on immunity in broiler chickens. A total of 147 one-day old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 3 treatments with 7 replicate pens per treatment and 7 birds per pen. The experimental diets consisted of a control diet based on corn, soybean and fish meal without COS and any antibiotic supplement and similar diets supplemented with either CTC (80 mg/kg from d 1 to 21 and 50 mg/kg from d 22 to 42) or COS (100 mg/kg from d 1 to 42). During the entire experimental period, all birds had ad libitum access to diets and water. The main immune organ indices, T-lymphocyte proliferation, serum cytokine concentrations, serum NO level and serum iNOS activity were measured on d 21 and d 42. On d 21, broilers fed 100 mg/kg COS had improved (p<0.01) indices of spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius compared with the control and CTC birds. Birds receiving 100 mg/kg COS had higher (p<0.05) serum concentrations of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IgM, NO and iNOS than birds on the control treatment. Serum $Ca^{2+}$ level of birds fed 100 mg/kg COS tended to be higher (p = 0.049) than in birds fed CTC. On d 42, the birds fed 100 mg/kg COS had higher (p<0.05) concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IgM in serum than birds in both the CTC and control treatments. Birds fed 100 mg/kg COS had a higher concentration of IFN-$\gamma$ than the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of COS appeared to improve the immunity of broilers by promoting the weight of the main immune organs, increasing IgM secretion, stimulating microphages to release $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IFN-$\gamma$, and activating iNOS to induce NO.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.605-614
• /
• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of stale maize on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity in broilers. Methods: A total of 800 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers (45.4±0.5 g) were blocked based on body weight, and then allocated randomly to 2 treatments with 20 cages per treatment and 20 broilers per cage in this 6-week experiment. Dietary treatments included a basal diet and diets with 100% of control maize replaced by stale maize. Results: The content of fat acidity value was higher (p<0.05) while the starch, activities of catalase and peroxidase were lower (p<0.05) than the control maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experiment, feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 0 to 21 and the whole experiment as well as relative weight of liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus (p<0.05) on d 21. Feeding stale maize diets decreased jejunum villus height (VH) and VH/crypt depth (CD) (p<0.05) on d 21 and 42 as well as ileum VH/CD on d 42. The levels of immunoglobulin G, acid α-naphthylacetate esterase positive ratios and lymphocyte proliferation on d 21 and 42 as well as lysozyme activity and avian influenza antibody H₅N₁ titer on d 21 decreased (p<0.05) by the stale maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) serum interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2 on d 21 and interleukin-6 on d 21 and 42. Broilers fed stale maize diets had lower levels of (p<0.05) total antioxidative capacity on d 42, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase on d 21 and 42, but higher (p<0.05) levels of malondialdehyde on d 21 and 42. Conclusion: Feeding 100% stale maize decreased ADFI and FCR, caused adverse effects on immunity and antioxidant function and altered intestinal morphology in broilers.