• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to analysis relationship about quality of life and family burden of the home-based hospice patient families. Method: The subjects consisted of 94 families with home-based hospice patient. The ages of the subjects were 17-73 years with hospice patient who receivedhome visiting care and registered at 4 hospitals in Daegu and Kyung-Buk. The data was collected from March to November 2004. The instruments used for the study were Quality of Life Scale (GLS) and Family Burden Questionnaire (FBQ). The analysis was done using frequency, mean, standard deviation, correlation and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS WIN 11.0. Results: The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of family burden was 3.36 ($\pm0.55$). The highest mean score of family burden 6 factors were wellness of future 3.85($\pm1.10$), and the second was economic family burden 3.63($\pm0.97$). 2. The mean score of quality of life was 3.09 ($\pm0.48$). The lowest score of quality of life 6 factors were economic status 2.86($\pm0.54$), and the second was physical state and function 3.01($\pm0.62$). 3. In the home-based hospice patient families, family burden had significant negative correlation with quality of life(r=-0.25, p=0.012). 4. Emotional status accounted for 11% of family burden in the home-based hospice patient families by means of stepwise multiple regression. 5. Economical status accounted for 18 and age accounted for an additional 11% of quality of life in the home-based hospice patient families by means of stepwise multiple regression. Conclusion: The finding showed that family burden and quality of life of home-based hospice patient families were significantly negative correlation and the highest factor of family burden was wellness of future and the most important factor of quality of life was economic status.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2022

In Korea, companies which have work-related musculoskeletal burden works should have conducted legal risk assessments every three years from 2004 onwards. However, due to problems with the legal definition of work-related musculoskeletal burden works, some companies may have been exempted from the risk assessment even though their workers still experience work-related musculoskeletal pain. For example, the manufacturing process used by a particular semiconductor manufacturing company involved a great deal of legal musculoskeletal bueden works. However, this company eliminated the musculoskeletal burden works by continuously introducing automated processes, and finally, in 2016, all work which was legally defined as musculoskeletal burden work were removed from the company's manufacturing process. Nevertheless, in a 2016 survey, 9.6% of the company's workers still complained of musculoskeletal pain, and in a 2019 survey this proportion actually increased to 15.7%. This incident demonstrates the limitations and problems of the current legal risk assessment of work-related musculoskeletal burden work. Therefore, this study proposes two improvements to solve these problems. Firstly, it is necessary to broaden the current legal definition of work-related musculoskeletal burden works. For example, vibration risk factors and push/pull tasks that are currently missing from the definition should be included. Secondly, it is proposed that a survey on musculoskeletal pain should be conducted for all workers, regardless of whether they are engaged in musculoskeletal burden works. The results of this study could be used to improve the legal risk assessment of work-related musculoskeletal burden works.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.145-150
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• 2006

At the furnace top, the distribution of charging coke and ore is adjusted to control the reducing gas flow distribution in the furnace. It is necessary to predict operation condition of blast furnace according to the burden profile to judge whether charging is properly conducted In this study, We propose the model for predicting while layer structures whithin furnace when top burden profile was given. Layer structure of coke and ore could be predicted by top burden profile and solid velocity. Solid velocity is assumed as potential flow. Potential function distribution and timeline are also calculated using solid velocity field. The Calculation is conducted for different burden profile cases. As the result burden distribution and grid structure, which is deformed to match the layer structure in shaft and deadman profile. Gas flow was calculated using this grid, and calculated results are compared with each other.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.503-507
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• 2005

Both ratio error and phase angle error in voltage transformer(VT) depend on values of VT burden used. Thus, precise measurement of burden is very important for the evaluation of VT. A method of evaluation for VT burden has been developed by employing the portable decade resistor, with AC-DC resistance difference less than 10-3. The burden value(value and power factor) can be obtained by conductance and susceptance, obtained by measuring the change of ratio error and phase angle error caused by the resistance change of decade resistor. The burden value and power factor obtained by the method are consistent with those obtained using power analyzer within corresponding uncertainties.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.93-106
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• 1998

The purpose of this study were to find the general trends of middle-aged couples' caregiving burden, to investigate correlation between husbands and wives, to estimate the differences according to related variables and analyze the effects of significant variables influencing on caregiving burden. The data were obtained from 172 middle-aged couples living in Seoul and Kwangju. The major findings were as follows; 1. Scores of couples' caregiving burden were lower than medium. Especially, husbands' score were higher than wives' in a sense of guilt and haubands' caregiving burden correlated significantly with the wives'. 2. Couples' caregiving burden showed significant differences according to birth order of husband and family life satisfaction was the most differencial in family relationship variables. Social support and family value orientations were also significant variables. 3. The most influencial variable on husbands' caregiving burden was emotional support, and instrumental support on wives'. And life and communication satisfaction were very important variables. So family relationship must be enhanced and social support system's reinforcements are necessary.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.40-51
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between burden and burnout of the family care-givers for caring of terminal patients with cancer. A total of 99 convenience sample was recruited form hospitals. The data were collected by a direct interview with Questionnaire about family burden and burnout. The mean score of burnout of main care-givers was 2.98, and the mean score of burden was 3.03. The care-givers' burnout was significantly different by age, sex, job, duration of treatment, level of acceptance on the stage of death, and ability of daily living activities. The family care-givers' burden was significantly different by the jobs, complication of patients, level of acceptance on the stage of death, and ability of daily living activities. In conclusions, the burnout of family care-givers was highly and positively correlated with the burden.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.97-110
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to compare the caregiver burden and rewards in new generation and middle-aged couples. Data were collected from 207 new generation couples and 196 middle-aged couples who had either of older parents and lived in Seoul. Major findings are as fallows; 1. The burden were constituted with restriction of privacy physical burden strain psychological burden economic cost and guilt. The rewards were constituted with recognition pride maturity improving relationship and assistance of household and childcare. 2. The caregiver burden of new generation and middle-aged wives were hgiher than husbands. Hwever the caregiver rewards of new generation and middle-aged husbands were higher than wives. 3. The caregiver burden of middle-aged husbands were higher than new generation husbands bur there was no significant difference between new generation and middle-aged wives. 4. The caregiver rewards of middle-aged wives were higher than new generation wives but there was no significant difference between new generation and middle-aged husbands.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.368-376
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• 2019

Purpose: In Korea, the prevalence of dementia patients has increased, which makes the care burden of nurses important. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the care burden of nurses caring elderly patients with dementia. Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted using a convenience sample of 127 nurses from two hospitals and a nursing home in Korea. Participants completed questionnaires on knowledge of and attitudes toward dementia, social support, self-esteem, dementia problematic behavior (DPB), and professional caregiver burden index. The data were analyzed by using the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with the SPSS/windows version 21.0 program. Results: The influencing factors for nurse burden include day shift, DPB, self-esteem, social support, which explain 28.0% of care burden of nurses. Conclusion: To reduce the burden of the nurses, there needs to be an administrative system that focuses on enhancing their self-esteem and social support. Active institutional support may be necessary for the nurses taking care of elderly patients with dementia.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.122-136
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• 2000

Chronic illness requiring attention and management during a long period of time puts great burden onto patients, their family and society. For patients with chronic illnesses, providing social support is the most important, and the fundamental support comes from their spouses. Amount and quality of support from spouses seems to differentiated according to the sex of patients. Female patients tend to believe that their spouses are not very supportive. Therefore, the researchers assessed the burden of husbands of female arthritis patients to discover the factors that result in greater burden. Also, they developed a theoretical model of husbands′ care for their wives through a qualitative research into husbands′ experience. Method 1: The study material was 650 female arthritis patients registered in an arthritis clinic. The questionnaire about the disease experience of female arthritis patients and the burden of husbands were sent. Returned questionnaires numbered 210(32.3%) and 27 were excluded because of inadequate answers. The remaining 183 questionnaires were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 51 years and the mean age of spouses was 55 years. The mean marital period was 28 years. The average duration since diagnosis was 9.1 years. Education level was varied from primary school to graduate school, and average income/month was 1,517,300 won. Method 2: Initial questionnaire studies on the burden of husbands were performed. Among 183 responding husbands, 23 consented to participate for a qualitative research. Data was obtained by direct and telephone interviews. The mean age of participants was 58 years, and the educational level and socioeconomic status also varied. Result: 1. Husbands′ burden: The average burden was 57.68 with a range of 6-96. 2. Burden and general characteristics: The husband′s burden correlated with the age of the patients, numbers in the family, therapy methods, patient′s level of discomfort, patient′s disease severity, patient′s level of dependence and the husband′s understanding of the level of severity. 3. Linear correlation analysis on burden: The husbands′ burden is explained in 22.5% by husband′s recognition of level of severity and husbands′ age. 4. There were four patterns of the burden on husbands: both objectve burden and subjective burden were high(pattern I), both of objectve burden and subjective burden were low(pattern II), objective burden was high but subjective burden was low(pattern III), objective burden was low but subjective burden was high(pattern IV). The pattern was correlated with the family income, educational level of the patients and their husbands, therapy methods, patient′s level of discomfort, patient′s disease severity, patient′s level of dependence and husband′s understanding of level of severity. 5. The core category of the caring experience of the husbands with arthritis patients was "companionship". The causal factor was the patients′ experience due to symptoms : physical disfigurement, pain, immobility, limitation of house chores, and limitation of social activities. Contextural factors are husbands′ identification of housework and husbands′ concern about the disease. The mediating factors are economic problems, fear of aging, feeling of limitation and family support. The strategy for interaction is mind control and how to solve emotional stress. The "companionship" resulted from caring activities, participation of household activities, helping patients′ to coping with emotional experience. 6. Companionship is established through the process of entering intervention, and caring state of mind. Entering intervention is the phase of participation of therapy and involvement of houseworks. The caring phase consists of decision on therapy, providing therapy, providing direct care, and taking over the household role of wife. Through caring phase, the changing phase set a stage in which husbands consolidate the relationship with their wives, and are reminded of the meaning of marriage. As a result, in changing phase, husbands′ companionship is enhanced. In conclusion, nursing care of chronic illnesses should include a family member especially the spouse. All information on disease shoud be provided to patients and whole family member. Strong support should also be provided to overcome difficulties in taking over role of other sex. Then the quality of life of patients and families will be much improved.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-56
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• 2008

The medical practice does not always get a satisfatory result since the disease progress of patients are depended on patients' physical constitution and the doctors cannot control the outcomes about patients' physiological and biological reaction after the treatment. Moreover, the medical practice may bring wrong result fatalistically because of the unpredictablility of life. To demand for compensation of the damage to the doctors about these wrong result, the patient side holds the burden of proof that is between medical practice and demage, and there is damage from doctor's malpractice according to the accepted theory about the fundamental principle of distribution of the burden of proof. This falls not only under the liability of Tort Law, but also liability of Contract Law. However, the patient may be in difficult situation to prove the malpractice of doctors since he or she cannot recognize the facts because he or she was in unconscious while the medical practice was conducted, or they cannot judge precisely even though they recognize the facts. Nevertheless, the lawsuits against medical malpractice are the field that never achieves the equality of arms since the most of the evidence belong to the doctor's side. Hence, to maintain the principle of the equality of arms under the constitution, the theory leads to alleviate the burden of proof that patients hold. However, the doctors cannot be asked for the burden of proof that they conduct medical practice without errors. Because the doctors may experience difficulty to prove their innocence as the patients because of the unique characteristic that medical practices have. Therefore, the methods of the alleviation of the patient's burden of proof should have the equality of arms and the equal opportunity between the patients and the doctors with the evaluation of the justifiable interest from both the patients and the doctors. As the methods of the alleviation of the burden of proof, the alleviation of the demands and the degree of the burden of proof or resolutely the conversion of the burden may be considered. However, Recognizing the exception from general principle with converting the burden of proof is not proper in principle because the doctors may experience difficulty of the proof as the patients may have. If the difficulty of proof can be resolved by alleviating of the demands and the degree of the burden of proof, it is more desirable resolution rather than converting the burden of proof.