• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2001

This study was intended to evaluate the relationship environmental condition and growth characteristics of seed treatment seed in direct sowing with different sowing date, and to suggest new cultivation model. The emergence percentage and hours were down as the delayed sowing date. Optimum sowing time was Sep. 10, and sowing must end before Sep. 20 for safety yield. When did sowing ended before Sep.20 in direct sowing cultivation, the seedling growth(SG) and No of roots of direct sowing seedling were larger than transplanting cultivation . At March 8 evaluated seedling, the SG of direct sowing seedling was higher than transplanting, and at Sep. 2(1 those were similar. The missing plant rate in transplanting cultivation was under 3 %, and that in direct sowing cultivation was about 13∼18%, and the extent were sever as delayed sowing date. The bulb fresh weight was decreased as delayed sowing, and those in direct sowing and transplanting cultivation were 230, 217g, respectively. The blot rate was high in direct sowing cultivation, and that was decreased as delayed sowing. The yield in direct sowing and transplanting cultivation were 5,134, 5,300kg, respectively, and those were decreased as delayed sowing. The average yield in early and medium-late maturity cultivars were 3,750, 4,908kg, respectively, and Sonic was highest yield in early maturity cultivars and Nongwoodego was highest in medium-late maturity cultivars. The emergence weed were 9 species as Loportea bulbifera Weddell and others, and Loported bulbifera Weddell, Digitaria violascens Link and Persicaria longiseta Kitagawa were dominant species in direct sowing cultivation with black hole vinyl mulching

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2011

Physico-chemical characteristics such as width, weight, color and aroma compounds of garlic from 9 different areas were analyzed. Also, antimicrobial activity was tested for their juices. Width of garlic bulb was larger in growing worm-season garlics (Jeju, Namhae, Hapcheon, Hampyeong and Muan) than those of cool-season garlics (Taean, Seosan, Uiseoung) and imported from China. But numbers of nuts were smaller in growing cool-season garlics than others. L color levels of garlics were 80.73~87.40 and a color level have not significantly difference in all samples, b color level was lower in growing Namhae ($20.79{\pm}1.20$) and Muan ($20.91{\pm}1.62$). 25~30 peaks obtained from aroma compounds analysis of various garlics. Among these compounds, 17 kinds of aroma compounds were identified by GC-MS. And, we showed that 15 kinds of compounds were sulfur containing aroma compounds. Diallyl disulfide was contained 34.90~60.54% in various garlic and the highest contents than other compounds in total compounds. It was detected the highest in China garlic but the lowest in growing Muan garlic. All of garlic samples showed antimicrobial activity against Strep. mutans, B. subtilis, E. coli. V. parahaemolyticus, Asp. flavus, and C. albicans. Especially antimicrobial activity was stronger against E. coli, and C. albicans. Antimicrobial activity was enhanced by sample addition volume and the highest in Namhae garlic sample.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.326-332
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• 2015

The effect of biodegradable mulching film on the growth and development of garlic were investigated in order to develop eco-friendly weed control techniques. The treatments included biodegradable film (Bio-De) and black (Black-PE), green (Green-PE), transparent (Trans-PE) polyethylene mulching films. Non-mulched, bare soil (Non-mulching) was used as a control. Light transmittance value among tested mulching films was the highest in Trans-PE (86.1%) followed by Bio-DE and Green-PE, and the lowest value was observed for the Black-PE (1.1%). All mulching films without exclusion elevated soil temperature, especially Trans-PE and Bio-DE compared to bare soil. Plant height and mean bulb weight were increased due to mulching films with the highest values observed for Trans-PE and Bio-DE treatments. After seven months of field application there were no significant degradation signs on PE plastic films, whereas it was easy to see horizontal cracks on the Bio-DE film surface after five month of usage.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2010

Carnosine is a dipeptide $(\beta-alanyl-L-histidine)$ found in mammalian brain, eye, olfactory bulb and skeletal muscle at high concentrations. Its biological functions include antioxidant and anti-glycation activities. The objectives of this study were to investigate anti-diabetic effects of carnosine as determined by blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance test (GTT), glycosylated hemoglobin, and serum biochemical and lipid levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. There were five experimental groups including normal (ICR mice), control (saline), and three groups of carnosine at doses of 6, 30, and 150 mg/kg b.w.. Carnosine was orally administered to the diabetic mice everyday for 12 weeks. There was no significant difference in body weight changes in carnosine-treated groups compared to the control. The treatments of carnosine at the dose of 6 mg/kg significantly decreased the blood glucose level compared with the control at 2 and 4 weeks. The treatments of carnosine at the doses of 6 and 30 mg/kg significantly decreased the blood glucose levels in GTT and glycosylated hemoglobin compared with the control. Carnosine significantly increased total proteins compared with the control. Carnosine at the dose of 6 mg/kg significantly decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride in the serum compared to the control. These results suggest that carnosine at a low level has a hypoglycermic effect resulting from reduction of blood glucose and that a carnosine-containing diet or drug may give a benefit for controlling diabetes mellitus in humans.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1188-1193
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• 2005

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of two housing systems on physiological responses and energy expenditure of sheep in a semi-arid region of India. Two types of housing management were adopted. First was a shed- $6{\times}3\;m^2$ structure with all the four sides of 1.8 m chain link fencing with a central height of 3 m. The roof was covered with asbestos sheets and with mud floorings. Second was an open corral- $6{\times}3\;m^2$ open space with all the four sides covered with 1.8 m chain link fencing. Thirty-four (32 ewes and 2 rams) sheep of native Malpura breed aged about 18 months (body weight 28 kg ewes; 35 kg rams) were grazed together on a 35 ha plot of native range. All the sheep were grazed as a flock from 08.00 to 17.00 h during a yearlong study. The flock was divided into two groups (16 ewes+1 ram) in the evening and housed as per the systems (Shed and Open Corral). Dry and wet temperatures were recorded at 06.00 h and 21.00 h using a wet and dry bulb-thermometer both inside the shed and in the open corral and temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated. There was significant (p<0.05) difference in the THI between shed and open corral in all the seasons, indicating that shed was always warmer compared to open corral. Rectal temperature (RT) of both the groups of sheep was similar during morning as well as evening throughout the seasons. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the skin temperature (ST) and respiration rate (RR) between the two groups at both the measurements in all the seasons. Highest energy expenditure (EE) was recorded inside the shed at 21.00 h (224 kJ/h) during monsoon and lowest at 6.00 h during winter (119 kJ/h). There was a significant (p<0.05) difference between the EE inside the shed and that in the open corral. It was concluded that housing had significant effects on the physiological responses and EE of sheep. Provision of housing at night was stressful during monsoon (with less rainfall) and summer, whereas it was protecting the sheep from acute cold during winter in a semi-arid region of India.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1430-1436
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• 2017

This study assessed the effects of treatment with sap extract from onion residues postharvest and purslane on the quality and quantity of organic onions. At the bending stage, onions treated with the sap extract showed vigorous growth, with higher plant heights, more leaves, and longer sheath lengths than untreated onions. The onion yield was significantly increased when the plant was treated with extracted sap as compared with that of untreated plants (p<0.05). The bulb weight distribution of onions in the mixed onion and purslane treatment was also significantly increased (~300 g) as compared with that of the other treatment (p<0.05). Except for CaO and S, the mineral content of the onions produced from plants treated with the onion and purslane extract mixture was higher than those of onions in the other treatment. The hardness of onions produced from plants treated with the onion and purslane extract was significantly increased (8% and 20%, respectively) as compared with that of onions produced from plants treated with the onion extract only or no treatment (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the sugar contents of the onions produced from extract-treated and nonextract-treated plants. Postharvest, the content of inorganic components (phosphate, calcium, sulfuric acid, and manganese) was higher in soil treated with the onion extract than in soil treated with the onion and purslane extract and non-treated soil. It can be concluded that residues left after onion harvests and purslane extract can be used as natural and environmentally friendly materials for the cultivation of organic onions.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to micropropagate bulblets via shoot cluster formation and massproduce normal bulblets from the sections of proliferated shoot clusters in Lilium asiatic hybrid 'Hae Hwa'. The induction of shoot clusters from the culture of bulblet sections was more effective than that of bulb scales on MS medium with 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L IAA. Proliferation of shoot clusters from the formed shoot cluster sections was the most favorable on medium containing 5.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L IAA. The formation and the growth of bulblets from shoot cluster sections were achieved effectively on medium with 60∼90 g/L sucrose. The leaves derived from shoot clusters grew vigorously but the bulblets from shoot clusters grew very poor in 5L air-lift bioreactor culture. By the addition of 30 mL fresh liquid medium containing doulble strength MS salts, 250 g/L sucrose and 5 g/L activated charcoal after 8 weeks in the shoot cluster culture on MS medium with 5.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L IAA, the number of bulblets was increased in light condition, but the growth of bulblets was not affected by light. Bulblet production was possible with the bulblet product at 53 to 68 mg in fresh weight by liquid medium addition after the proliferation of shoot cluster.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.356-363
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• 2019

A patient who went through maxillectomy can have soft palate defects including oronasal fistulas and suffer from dysphagia and dysarthria due to velopharyngeal insufficiency. This defect causes the food to enter nasal cavity and creates hypernasal sound which debilitates a quality of life. An obturator can rehabilitate the substantial oral tissue defects. The maxillary obturator separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx during speech and deglutition by closing of the defect. For edentulous obturator patient, it is difficult to obtain proper retention due to reduced peripheral sealing. Therefore, the contours of the defects must be used to maximize the retention, stability, and support. Hollow type obturator can improve physiologic function by reducing weight than the traditional obturator. This case report describes a patient with hemi-maxillectomy who recovers mastication, speech, deglutition, and appearance with a maxillary obturator using physiological border molding of the velopharyngeal area and double-processing method.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.325-329
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• 2018

There are two kinds of calla belonging to the Zantedeschia spp. depending on the growing condition. Between them, various colored calla with flower shape and flower color are very popular as cut flowers. However, colored calla is very low in natural reproduction rate, and it takes a long time to obtain a flowering bulb. So it is urgent to establish a large breeding system of good varieties. In this study, various plant growth hormone treatments were carried out to improve the growth of the plants in calla. Root formation was the highest at 81.5 % in basal MS medium, and the formation of shoot and multiple shoots were the highest at 100.0 % and 36.4 % in the combined treatment of BA 2.0 mg/L and IBA 1.0 mg/L, respectively. In fresh weight, the highest growth rate was observed with 11.2 times increase in BA 2.0 mg/L single treatment. Auxin and cytokinin mixed treatment were widely used in previous studies and positive effects on the growth of calla plants will help to establish the micro-propagation system.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 2011

Optimal culture conditions of Spirulina platensis NIES 39 have been established using different types of light sources. Several types of photobioreactors were designed and the increase of biomass, the amount of $CO_2$, fixation and the production of chlorophyll content were studied. The result revealed that the input conditions of a 10 min period per 4 h at the condition of 5% $CO_2$ and 0.1 vvm, were excellent in the growth. The growth showing the maximum biomass accumulation is limited to 1.411 g/L when using the fluorescent bulb and the low powered surface mount device (SMD) type LEDs which were equipped-inside in the photobioreactor. However, the biomass exceeded up to 1.758 g/L level when a high powered red LED (color temperature : 12000 K) photobioreactor system was used. The $CO_2$ fixation speed and rate were increased. Although the total production of chlorophyll content undergoes a proportional increase in the biomass, the net content per dry cell weight (DCW) showed the higher production with a blue LED (color temperature : 7500 K) light than that of any other wavelengths. The carbon dioxide loss was marked as 0.15% of the inlet gas (5% $CO_2/Air$, v/v) at the maximum biomass culture condition.