• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.578-585
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• 2003

The chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) is an anadromous fish distributed all around the North Pacific. Artificial production and release of the juveniles are being made by Korea, Japan, Russia, Canada and the United States. It is important to set up some criteria identifying each stock in order to clarify each nation's right of harvest for the chum salmon resource. As an attempt to build such criteria, we analyzed sequences of a microsatellite DNA Ogo5 and the COIII-ND3-ND4L region of the mitochondrial DNA from chum salmons of Korea, Japan, and the United States. Ogo5 has 4 different alleles: allele A, B-1, B-2, and B-3. Allele B-3 is found only in 3 individuals out of 12 Korea salmons. The Japan salmons have the other 3 alleles and the America salmons have only 2 allots, A and B-1. Heterozygosity index (Ho/He) distinguishes the Korea (1.61) and Japan salmons (1.63) from the America ones (1.09). Seventeen different haplotypes are found in the COIII-ND3-ND4L region from 60 individuals,20 from each stock. The gene genealogy of the haplotypes revealed by TCS program shows that the Korea and Japan salmons are genetically closely linked, but that they are clearly distinguished from the America ones. Ten and eleven individuals of the Korea and Japan salmons have an identical haplotype. Nine individuals of the Korea salmons $(45\%),$ however, are separable from the Japan salmons by their own specific nucleotides. This result presents usefulness of the COIII-ND3-ND4L region as a genetic marker for identification of the chum salmon stocks.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2016

본 연구는 월지의 조성목적이 단순히 정원을 조성하기 위해서라는 기존의 이론에 대한 문제제기로부터 시작되었다. 본 연구에서는 월지조성에 대한 기존의 이론에 대하여 논의한 후, 월지조성의 또 다른 목적을 저류지로 상정하고 이것에 대하여 검증하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 월지조성에 대하여 제기한 두 가지 의문에 대하여 논의한 결과 월지가 처음부터 정원으로 만들어졌을 가능성 보다는 저류지로서 조성하였을 것이라는 가능성을 진단하였다. 둘째, 위치와 지형적 측면으로 볼 때, 월지는 북천으로부터 유입된 물이나, 범람한 물, 또는 용출수가 형성하는 지천이나 수로가 자연스럽게 월지 쪽으로 흐르도록 지형적 조건이 형성되어 있으며, 월지는 이렇게 형성된 물이 남천으로 유입되는 유로의 종점에 위치하고 있어 물을 저류한 후 유출하기에 유리한 조건을 갖추고 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 수리적 측면에서 볼 때, 북천은 제방이 축조되기 이전에는 범람이 일어날 가능성이 상존하였으며, 이러한 홍수피해는 구황동원지에서 한번, 다시 월지에서 한번 잡아주어 왕경중심부로 피해가 확산되지 않도록 하였던 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 도시계획적 측면에서 볼 때, 월지가 조성되기 이전에 월지일대는 도시기능이 들어서지 않았다는 것을 확인하였으며, 월지가 조성되고 난 이후에 도로 등의 개설을 통해 도시계획이 완성되었다는 것을 확인하였다. 다섯째, 월지의 입수장치와 출수장치 그리고 월지 서측의 수직석단은 월지가 저류지로서의 기능을 충분히 할 수 있도록 한 시설이었다는 것을 확인하였다. 여섯째, 저류용량으로 볼 때, 월지는 당시로서는 엄청난 량의 물을 저류할 수 있는 시설이었다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2016

토양오염은 인간의 활동에 의해 만들어진 물질로 인해 발생하고 있으며, 인간뿐만 아니라 모든 생물에게 피해를 주고, 정화비용이 크다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 정밀한 토양오염분석 활용을 위한 심도별 3차원 토양오염지도 구축을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 연구대상지인 부산광역시 동래구에서 기존 토양오염조사 지점의 최근린분석을 실시하였고, 0.72로 군집되는 경향을 알 수 있었으며, 이는 군집지역 이외에는 오염 값의 정확도가 보다 낮다. 이에 조사지점을 $1km{\times}1km $ 격자의 중심을 조사할 것을 제시하였고 일정한 조사지점으로 균일한 정확도를 나타낼 수 있도록 하였다. 또한, 지표면 및 지하공간에서 토양오염 기준은 5단계로 나눴으며 지표면의 경우 토양 단위 무게 당 오염물질의 양을 IDW 보간법을 이용하여 지도를 구축을 하였다. 지하공간에서의 토양오염분석은 지표면의 오염, 지형을 통한 오염물질의 흐름과 국토지반정보시스템에서 504개의 시추정보로 투수계수, 지하수위를 영향인자로 선정하였으며, 영향인자의 특성을 종합점수로 나눠 0~20점으로 산정하였다. 토층에 특성을 고려한 지표면-지하공간의 심도별 3차원 토양오염지도 구축이 가능하였고, 이후 토양오염의 지반 침투 시 전체적인 침투 분석이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 심도별 영향분석과 지하수 오염에 대한 보다 정확한 예측이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.695-703
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the maxillofacial injuries of the sports players' and analyzing the concerned factor. Methods : The subject in this study were 290 sports players' enrolled in Jeolla region. SPSS statistics program(Version 12.0) was used to analyzed the collectde data, Chi-square test and percentage were used as the analysis technique. Results : 1. It was found that 63.8% of all respondents ever experienced trauma in sport activities and 28.6% experienced maxillofacial trauma. 2. In terms of traumatic causality, it was found that most of our respondents attributed the biggest cause of maxillofacial trauma to 'sport activities.' 3. However, it was found that only 12.1% of all respondents gave correct answers to question items about good medical treatment for traumatic odontoptosis. 4. It was found that less than half of all respondents ever faced information on maxillofacial trauma. Conclusions : This finding suggests that it is required to build up current orientation programs about maxillofacial trauma for our sport players. The maxillofacial trauma of sport players' is a important factor that degenerate the quality of the oral health and bring about the change of life style.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.231-242
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• 1984

NR vulcanizate has its unigue characteristic of cushion, silence, vibration energy absorbtion etc. By reason of the above captioned characters, The vulcanizate has been widely applied to production of auto tires, belts and engine mounts, The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of rubber-filler attachments on the various dynamic properties of the NR vulcanizates. For this study, the elastic modulus and damping values are examined by means of the (RDS) the Good Rich Flexometer. The results of this study showed as follows. The damping values of the vulcaniz ates in the elastic region showed showed strong relations the damping values and the filler characteristics. The vulvanizates filled with carbon black had higher damping values than the vulcanizates loaded with inorganic filler. The Goodrich Flexometer test showed that build up for the silica filled NR vulcanizates was higher than those for which contained other fillers.

• 천문학회지
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• 제29권spc1호
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• pp.119-122
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• 1996

The case for a massive black hole in the center of the Galaxy is reassessed using improved modeling techniques and observational data. A dark mass of ${\~}{\times} 10^6$ Mo is present within 0.2 pc of the Galactic center. However, the available data can be modeled, without appealing to a massive black hole, using an extended distribution of dark stellar remnants (neutron stars and stellar mass black holes) provided that the stellar initial mass function in the central parsec is deficient in stars less massive than $\~$1 Mo. Such a situation may be a natural consequence of repeated gas build-up followed by starbursts in the central region. A clear distinction between this and the massive central black hole model cannot be made using red giant tracers outside 0.2 pc due to uncertainties in the radial velocity dispersion distribution. The cluster of massive early-type emission-line stars in the central parcsec more effectively probe the mass distribution close to Sgr A $\ast$, but their small number and partial rotational support complicate mass determinations. Proper motion determinations for stars within 0.5' of Sgr A$\ast$ may be the most effective means of unambiguously determining the mass distribution in the immediate vicinity of the Galactic center.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.525-533
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• 1998

A conventional contact type brake system which uses a hydraulic system has mny Problems such as time delay response due to pressure build-up, brake pad wear due to contact movement, bulky size, and low braking performance in high speed region. As vehicle speed increases, a more powerful brake system is required to ensure vehicle safety and reliability. In this work, a contactless brake system of an eddy current type is proposed to overcome problems. Optimal torque control which minimizes a braking distance is investigated with a scaled-down model of an eddy current type brake. It is possible to realize optimal torque control when a maximum friction coefficient (or desired slip ratio) corresponding to road condition is maintained. Braking force analysis for a scaled-down model is done theoretically and experimentally compensated. To accomplish optimal torque control of an eddy current type brake system, a sliding mode control technique which is, one of the robust nonlinear control technique is developed. Robustness of the sliding mode controller is verified by investigating the braking performance when friction coefficient is varied. Simulation and experimental results will be presented to show that it has superior performance compared to the conventional method.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to reveal the characteristics of Kan as a compositional unit in relation with its usage, building base, structural system, and roofing system in Seo Baek Dang and Gwan Ga Jeong. The results are as follows： Seo Baek Dang and Gwan Ga Jeong share a common characteristics： Kan module forms the plan to be 1：1 in shape and enables flexibility in usage and regularity in compositional aspect. In Seo Baek Dang, there are active level differences in base, room floor levels and column heights to achieve intended roof design while minimizing the deviation of module (500 mm) of four sides enclosing the an-madang (inner courtyard) and, in Gwan Ga Jeong, instead of differentiating levels, maximizing the module control (up to 1,560 mm) and lowering the roof slope are found. They are regarded resulting in a rather plane manner. Through a comparative analysis, it is found out that these two houses have a common characteristics of Kan to form a quadrate plan while they have differences both in conceptual and tectonic manner that is 'how to build a house' in similar conditions of region, period and society. In addition, Kan as a module is clarified to have a relative value that regulates both structural and aesthetical aspects.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2006

During endometrial differentiation the extracellular matrix (ECM) changes dramatically to prepare for implantation of the embryo. However, the genes regulating the ECM build-up in the uterine endometrium during early pregnancy are not well known. Using the PCR-select cDNA subtraction method, dermatopontin was identified in the uterus of a pregnant mouse on day 4 of gestation. Dermatopontin mRNA increased dramatically on day 3, and was at its highest level at the time of implantation. Administration of RU 486 significantly inhibited mRNA expression by day 4 of gestation, but ICI 182,780 did not. Progesterone markedly induced dermatopontin expression in ovariectomized uteri within 4 h of administration, whereas estrogen had little effect. In silico analysis revealed progesterone receptor binding sites in the dermatopontin promoter region. Decidualization did not induce expression of dermatopontin; instead dermatopontin mRNA became strongly localized at the interimplantation site. In situ hybridization revealed that expression gradually decreased in the luminal epithelial cells as pregnancy progressed, whereas it increased in the stromal cells. The pattern of localization and the changes of intensity of dermatopontin mRNA coincided with those of collagen. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that dermatopontin expression is steroid-dependent. They also suggest that, at the time of implantation, dermatopontin expression is primarily regulated spatio-temporally by progesterone via progesterone receptors, and is modulated by the decidual response during implantation. Dermatopontin may be one of the regulators used to remodel the uterine ECM for pregnancy.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2000

The amount of municipal water has been increased rapidly up to now and it is necessary to treat and dispose the wastewater effectively. The recent trend of the effluent disposal system, after treatment, show a nearshore discharge which has an outfall with length somewhere between the shoreline discharge and an extended deepwater outfall. There is no universal solution to municipal water treatment and disposal and each case must be examined on its merits and on economic, technical and environmental bases. In this study we focused mostly on the scientific and engineering aspects of ocean disposal through the outfall. For this purpose, we made an investigation to the near-field characteristics of discharged water and made some comparison with the existing experimental results. We also applied it to the Pusan Jungang Effluent Outfall System, which is planned to build in the Gamchun harbour and will be completed in 2011. The model output showed the trajectoral variation of dilution and mixing behavior for three cases of outfall system. Dilution differences have been simulated and found the highest dilution condition under the different displacement of outfall system. On the basis of these outputs it will be proposed the optimum outfall system type and location.