• 제목/요약/키워드: bubbles

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고분자 용액에서의 기포 형성 (Bubble Nucleation in Polymer Solutions)

  • 강성린;김기영;곽호영
    • 폴리머
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.51-58
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    • 2004
  • 탄성체 (가교된 고분자) 가스가 용해된 고분자 또는 유기 용매에 용해된 고분자 용액에서 기포 생성을 예측하기 위하여 균일한 기포 생성은 고전적인 이론에서의 임계 기포의 생성이 아닌 임계 뭉치의 생성을 통하여 이루어진다는 분자 뭉치 이론을 적용하였다. 또한 탄성체나 고분자 내에서 기포가 생성하는 경우 임계 기포가 극복해야 할 탄성 에너지를 고려하였다. 대략 $10^{8}$$10^{12}$개에 달하는 분자 뭉치 이론에 의해 계산된 단위 부피당 생성된 기포 수는 실험치와 잘 일치하였다.

고당배합 케이크에서의 원료의 역할과 열에 의한 케이크 구조의 고정화 (The Role of Ingredients and Thermal Setting in High-Ratio Layer Cake Sytems)

  • Kim, Chang-Soon
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.520-529
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    • 1994
  • High-ratio cakes made from the formulas with more sugar (140% based on flour weight) than flour have come to be preferred recently. To produced good light cake structure, cake batter must retain the many finely divided gas bubbles formed during mixing . Thermal setting of cake structure is mainly caused by starch gelatinization . The formula controls the temperature at which the cake batter changes from a fluid to a solid. Especially, the relatively large amount of sugar used in the formula delays gelatinization, so that air bubbles can be properly expanded by carbon dioxide gas and water vapor before the cake sets. To get a non collapsing high ratio cake structure after baking , the proper degree of gelatinization of the starch granule, the control of gelatinization temperature, and sufficient gel strength ar all important. The role of ingredients (flour , sugar, proteins, chemical leavening agents, water shortening , and emulsifiers) is reviewed with relation to the formation of satisfactory cake structure.

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제어유의 문류품분효전에 미치는 형력의 영향 (A Study on the Effect of Pressure upon A.C Partial Discharge in Insulating Oil)

  • Sang-Hoon Kook
    • 대한전기학회논문지
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    • 제32권7호
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    • pp.227-233
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    • 1983
  • Noticing that action of gaseous phase in insulating oil concerns to the discharging characteristics, I investigated the smalness pressure effects on quantity of the partial discharge and discharging pulse frequency. Tests are carried out between the niddle points in insulating oil at pressure being changed by gradual charge of inert gas Ar. At pressure as low as of 0.1-0.5 torr pulse frequency and maximum partial discharge reach peak while at pressure haigher than 20 torr no pulse is observed. The fact that pulse frequency has peak value at certain presure, which is changed either by charging Ar or by adding oil, implies that the action of gaseous phase depends on pressure. Test results are that partial discharge pulse are governed by pressure of Ar-charged oil, and less partial discharge pulses correspond to smaller bubbles whereas more partial descharge pulses correspond to larger bubbles.

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공기 흡입이 소형 스크류식 원심펌프의 특성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Entrained Air on the Characteristics of a Small Screw-type Centrifugal Pump)

  • 김유택;다나카카즈히로;이영호;마쯔모토요이치로
    • 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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    • 제2권3호
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 1999
  • In a screw-type centrifugal pump, the pump head deteriorates from single-phase flow to the choke due to an increased air entrainment at a wide tip clearance compared to that of a narrow tip clearance. Moreover, at a narrow tip clearance, the pump head became partially higher in a two-phase flow than that of a single-phase flow near the best efficiency point in low void fraction region. Therefore, we observed the internal flow pattern by using a stroboscope and we measured the mean size of bubbles from the images obtained with a high speed camera. Then, we investigated the influences of the mean size of bubbles, tip clearances and flow patterns on pump performance.

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An Experimental Study of The Effects of The Mixing Vane on Air-water Mixed Flow

  • Kim, Soo-Hyung;Baek, Won-Pil;Chang, Soon-Heung
    • 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국원자력학회 1996년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(2)
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    • pp.331-336
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    • 1996
  • The effects of a mixing vane on air-water mixed flow have been experimentally studied in this work, to investigate the basic mechanisms that the mixing vane affects critical heat flux (CHF). Experiment was performed for various flow rates focusing on bubbly flow and annular flow patterns. Acrylic tube (1.7m long, 11 mm I.D.) and the split vane type mixing vane were used, and ring-type conductance probes were used to measure the liquid film thickness in annular flow. Experimental results show that, (a) bubbly-to slug flow transition and churn-to-annular flow transition occur respectively near the mixing vane compared to the tests without mixing vane, (b) in bubbly flow region, the mixing vane breaks the bubbles into smaller ones and forwards bubbles to the center region of the tube by the centrifugal force, (c) the liquid film thickness in annular flow is decreased near the mixing vane for mass fluxes.

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액체질소 중의 연면 방전과 트레킹 현상 (A Study on the Characteristics of the Surface Discharge and Tracking Phenomena in Liquid Nitrogen)

  • 신호영;윤대희;이상훈;이광식;이동인
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 E
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    • pp.2320-2322
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    • 1999
  • This paper was studied on the surface discharge characteristics and tracking phenomena on the solid insulator in liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) at atmospheric pressure. In order to investigate the bubbles which have much influence on electric surface discharge in liquid nitrogen, Knife type electrode and plane electrode were arranged in different modes(Mode A, Mode B, and Mode C) and investigated for surface discharge and tracking phenomena. In Mode A, by the movement of bubbles tracking damage was formed under the electrodes. The tracking pattern in Mode B was formed along the electrode axis.

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Low Latitude Plasma Blobs: A Review

  • Kim, Vitaly P.;Hegai, Valery V.
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.13-19
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    • 2016
  • In recent years, there has been renewed activity in the study of local plasma density enhancements in the low latitude F region ionosphere (low latitude plasma blobs). Satellite, all-sky airglow imager, and radar measurements have identified the characteristics of these blobs, and their coupling to Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs). New information related to blobs has also been obtained from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. In this paper, we briefly review experimental, theoretical and modeling studies related to low latitude plasma blobs.