• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3 s.49
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• pp.153-162
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• 2006

Fluid inclusions in amethyst from the Samcheonpo amethyst deposit of the Waryongsan area, Kyongnam generally grouped into four different types: Type I (liquid-rich and $10{\sim}23wt%$ NaCl, $Th=289{\sim}359^{\circ}C$), Type II (vapor-rich and $2{\sim}10wt%$ NaCl, $Th=304{\sim}365^{\circ}C;$), Type III (halite-bearing, $31{\sim}54wt%$ NaCl, $Th=259{\sim}510^{\circ}C;$), and Type IV ($CO_{2}-bearing\;9{\sim}13wt%\;NaCl,\;126{\sim}277^{\circ}$). Type I, II, and III inclusions are confined in the lower part of the amethyst and Type IV in the upper, which indicates significant hydrothermal activity during the earliest stage of the amethyst growth or the solidus condition of granitic rocks. The earliest fluid exsolved from the crystallizing granitic magma formed Type IIIa which is spatially associated with silicate melt inclusions. The homogenization behavior of Type IIIa inclusions by dissolution of the halite crystal after the bubble disappearance indicates that Type IIIa inclusions were trapped at some relatively elevated pressure. Exsolution of Type IIIb, I, II forming fluids with gradual decrease in their salinity was followed. The last fluid was $CO_{2}-bearing$ fluid (Type IV), which is assumed to be derived by decarbonization reactions with the surrounding sedimentary rocks. It suggests that the fine-grained granitic rocks containing the Samcheonpo amethyst crystallized at the sub-solvus condition saturated with water and exsolved abundant water.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1982

The purpose of this study is to obtain some informations for the differential diagnosis of ameloblastoma from dentigerous cyst by analysis of the radiographic findings of these lesions. The author studied age and sex distribution, the site of the lesion, tooth behavior and several radiographic features of ameloblastoma and dentigerous cyst. The material consisted of 65 patients of ameloblastoma and 37 patients of dentigerous cyst. The results were obtained as followings. 1) The incidence was highest in 2nd decade (29.2%) and total 65 cases consists of 35 males (53.8%) and 30 females (46.2%) in ameloblastoma. 62 cases were found in lower jaw (95.4%) and the highest site of occurence of ameloblastoma was mandibular molar. region 27 cases. (41.5%) 2) In 65 cases of amelobl!!stoma, 18 cases were seen in association with tooth and 15 cases (83.2%) out of those were associated with mandibular molar teeth. Mandibular molar were most frequently involved in dentigerous cyst (11/31 cases, 29.7%). 3) (a) 23 cases (35.3%) of tooth resorption were found in ameloblastoma and 11 cases (29.7%) of tooth resorption were found in dentigerous cyst. (b) 15 cases (23.1%) of tooth migration were found in ameloblastoma and 10 cases (27.0%) of tooth migration were found in dentigerous cyst. 4) Several radiographic features. (a) Monolocular type ameloblastoma were seen in 23 cases (35.4) and multilocular type of ameloblastoma were seen in 42 cases (64.6%). Monolocular type of dentigerous cyst were seen in 33 cases (89.2%) and multilocular type was seen in 4 cases. (b) Monolocular type ameloblastoma showed 20 cases (87.0%) of scalloped border but 32 cases (97.0%) of dentigerous cyst showed smooth border. (c) 34 cases (81.0%) of ameloblastoma showed honey-comb appearance, soap-bubble appearance or mixed appearance. but all 4 cases of dentigerous cyst showed multicystic appearance. (d) 12 cases (52.2%) of monolocular type ameloblastoma showed slightly increased radiopacity in surrounding bone, and 22 cases (66.7%) of monolocular type dentigerous cyst showed sharp osteosclerotic border. 27 cases (64.3%) of multilocular type ameloblastoma and 3 cases (75.0%) of multilocular type dentigerous cyst showed no changes in surrounding bone.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.559-563
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• 2015

Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) is a Japanese X-ray all-sky surveyer mounted on the International Space Station (ISS). It has been scanning the whole sky since 2009 during every 92-minute ISS rotation. X-ray transients are quickly found by the real-time nova-search program. As a result, MAXI has issued 133 Astronomer's Telegrams and 44 Gamma-ray burst Coordinated Networks so far. MAXI has discovered six new black holes (BH) in 4.5 years. Long-term behaviors of the MAXI BHs can be classified into two types by their outbursts; a fast-rise exponential-decay type and a fast-rise flat-top one. The slit camera is suitable for accumulating data over a long time. MAXI issued a 37-month catalog containing 500 sources above a ~0.6 mCrab detection limit at 4-10 keV in the region ${\mid}{b}{\mid}$ > $10^{\circ}$. The SSC instrument utilizing an X-ray CCD has detected diffuse soft X-rays extending over a large solid angle, such as the Cygnus super bubble. MAXI/SSC has also detcted a Ne emission line from the rapid soft X-ray nova MAXI J0158-744. The overall shapes of outbursts in Be X-ray binaries (BeXRB) are precisely observed with MAXI/GSC. BeXRB have two kinds of outbursts, a normal outburst and a giant one. The peak dates of the subsequent giant outbursts of A0535+26 repeated with a different period than the orbital one. The Be stellar disk is considered to either have a precession motion or a distorted shape. The long-term behaviors of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXB) containing weakly magnetized neutron stars are investigated. Transient LMXBs (Aql X-1 and 4U 1608-52) repeated outbursts every 200-1000 days, which is understood by the limit-cycle of hydrogen ionization states in the outer accretion disk. A third state (very dim state) in Aql X-1 and 4U 1608-52 was interpreted as the propeller effect in the unified picture of LMXB. Cir X-1 is a peculiar source in the sense that its long-term behavior is not like typical LMXBs. The luminosity sometimes decreases suddenly at periastron. It might be explained by the stripping of the outer accretion disk by a clumpy stellar wind. MAXI observed 64 large flares from 22 active stars (RS CVns, dMe stars, Argol types, young stellar objects) over 4 years. The total energies are $10^{34}-10^{36}$ erg $s^{-1}$. Since MAXI can measure the spectrum (temperature and emission measure), we can estimate the size of the plasma and the magnetic fields. The size sometimes exceeds the size of the star. The magnetic field is in the range of 10-100 gauss, which is a typical value for solar flares.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.376-383
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• 2011

The CMCs of LA and LA3 nonionic surfactants obtained from the reaction between glycidol and lauryl alcohol were found to be $0.97{\times}10^{-3}mol/L$ and $1.02{\times}10^{-3}mol/L$ respectively and the surface tensions for 1 wt% surfactant were 26.99 and 27.48 mN/m respectively. Dynamic surface tension measurements using a maximum bubble pressure tensiometer showed that the adsorption rate of surfactant molecules at the interface between the air and the surfactant solution was found to be relatively fast in both surfactant systems, presumably due to the high mobility of surfactant molecules. The contact angles of LA and LA3 nonionic surfactants were 27.8 and $20.9^{\circ}$ respectively and the dynamic interfacial tension measurement by a spinning drop tensiometer showed that interfacial tensions at equilibrium condition in both systems were almost the same. Also both surfactant systems reached equilibrium in 2~3 min. Both surfactant solutions showed high stability when evaluated by conductometric method and the LA nonionic surfactant system provided the higher foam stability than the LA3 nonionic surfactant system. The phase behavior experiments showed a lower phase or oil in water (O/W) microemulsion in equilibrium with an excess oil phase at all temperatures studied. No three-phase region was observed including a middle-phase microemulsion or a lamellar liquid crystalline phase.