• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2002

Considerable attention has been focused on the cryopreservation of semen and estrus induction in dog, as consequence of poor productivity caused by long anestrus period, in order to enhance the productivity of youngs and to preserve the breeds. The objectives of this study were to develop a treatment protocol for estrus induction. Fifty infertilie dogs (age 2∼3 years) were selected for the study and divided into three different estrus induction treatment groups. Group 1: dogs (n=15) were given clomifane (0.1 mg/kg) orally for five days at 12 hr intervals. Group 2: dogs (n=15) were given bromocriptine (50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) orally for five days at 12 hr intervals, followed by single injection intravenously of 500 IU GnRH (Group 3, n=20) when pro-estrus occurred. After being treated, the dogs were evaluated for the rates of estrus induction and time interval lapses from treatment to beginning of the pro-estrus. The estrus induction rates were significantly (P<0.05) higher in both group 2 (9/15, 73.3%) and group 3 (16/20, 80.0%) than that of group 1 (9/15, 60.0%), but did not differ in the groups 2 and 3. No differences were observed in the time interval lapses from treatment to beginning of the pro-estrus in group 2 (7.7 ${\pm}$ 1.2 days) and group 3 (6.9 ${\pm}$ 2.0 days), but significantly (P<0.05) shorter than that of group 1 (9.5 ${\pm}$ 2.1 days). In conclusion, the estrus induction rate of dogs treated with a combination of GnRH and bromocriptine was more effective than use of clomifene or bromocriptine only.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 2004

Effects of dopaminergic drugs on the degranulation of mast cells (RBL-2H3 cells) and the nitric oxide production from macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) were studied. Among the dopaminergic agonists and antagonists tested, bromocriptine, 7-OH-DPAT, haloperidol, and clozapine showed potent inhibitions of mast cell degranualtion ($IC_{50} value, 5 \mu$ M). However, these dopaminergic agents did not affect the tyrosine phosphorylations of the signaling components of the high affinity IgE receptor ($Fc\varepsilonRI$), such as Syk, $PLC\gamma1$, and $PLC\gamma2$.; This suggested that these signaling components were not involved in the inhibition of the mast cell degranulation by these compounds. On the other hand, dopamine, bromocriptine, 7-OH-DAPT, and haloperidol markedly inhibited the nitric oxide production from RAW 264.7 cells ($IC_{50}$ values, 10-20$\mu$M). Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist that is routinely used for the treatment of Parkinsons disease, inhibited the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase at an early stage of the LPS-induced protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggested that these dopaminergic agents, when used for the treatment of dopamine receptors-related diseases, such as Schizophrenia or Parkinsons disease, might have additional beneficial effects.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2009

Domestic bitches are non-seasonally monoestrus; spontaneously ovulate only once or twice occurs at anytime of the year. Estrus induction has been applied infrequent estrus, misleading ovulation, mating difficulties, failure to conceive after normal mating, pregnancy failure and biological research. Protocol of estrus induction which included variable hormones such as FSH, GnRH, and PMSG have been applied for the last decades. Recently, Bromocriptine, one of anti-prolatin/dopamine agonist has been occasionally applied for estrus induction. The study was carried out to investigate the effective method for the induction of estrus in bitches using different hormone treatments, and the initiation time of estrus from hormone treatment by assessments of cytological observation and blood plasma progesterone concentration. A total of 54 bitches on anestrus were selected for the study and divided randomly into 8 treatment groups as follow. Control, natural estrus; FSH (L), FSH (1.5 mg/kg, twice a day, $Falltrophin^{(R)}$, Vetrepharm); FSH (H), FSH (3.0 mg/kg, twice a day); GnRH+FSH, GnRH (5 ug/kg, once first day, $GNADON^{(R)}$, Dongbang)+FSH (3 mg/kg, SID); PMSG, PMSG (50 IU/kg, every third day $FOLLIGON^{(R)}$, Intevet); GnRH+PMSG, GnRH (5 ug/kg, only first day)+PMSG (50 IU/kg, every third day); GnRH, GnRH (5 ug/kg, only first day); Bromocriptine, bromocriptine (0.3 mg/kg, SID, $Parlodel^{(R)}$, Novartis). The bitches were evaluated clinical sign, cytological exam and $OVUCHECK^{(R)}$ Premate for assessment of estrus induction. Estrus induction rates were significantly (P<0.05) higher in GnRH+PMSG (100%) compared to others. PMSG and GnRH+PMGS (87.5 and 100%) and Bromocriptine (77.8%) were higher than others except GnRH+PMSG. Analysis of vaginal smear has proved to be effective a correct assessment of estrus induction with assay of progesterone concentration by $OVUCHECK^{(R)}$ Premate. Proestrus initiated by the $6^{th}$ after induction in most case. In conclusion, bromocriptine is an effective drug for estrus induction in bitches and assay of progesterone concentration by $OVUCHECK^{(R)}$ Premate with examination of vaginal smear that should be useful to detection of estrus induction of estrus induced bitches.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.120.2-120.2
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• 2001

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.109-113
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• 1998

We report a 37 year-old-female patient with papillary thyroid cancer treated by surgery who demonstrated residual thyroid and bilateral breast uptake on a diagnostic I-131 whole body scan. She had an extrathyroidal extension needing I-131 ablative therapy. Her galactorrhea was investigated and treated with low doses of bromocriptine prior to I-131 therapy. Her galactorrhea was due to the decreased secretion of PIF induced by empty sella.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2007

Premenstural dysphoric disorder(PMDD) imposing 4-5% of women is possibly caused by an enhanced responsiveness to the changes of sex steroid hormones and the decrease of serotonin, melatonin and GABA. The common clinical features between PMDD and depression, seasonal affective disorder, panic disorder and anorexia nervosa suggest a relatedness between PMDD and each of them. The diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV-Tr for PMDD requires psychological symptoms, that commonly include irritability, anger, depression, mood swing, affect lability, tension, anxiety, fatigue and food craving. As of today, the best pharmacological treatment for PMDD is the selective serotonin reuptake inhibiter, and leuprolide, danazol, estradiol, spironolactone and bromocriptine are possible alternatives. Nonpharmacological treatments for patients with mild to moderate symptom severity are diet, exercise, light therapy, psychotherapy and keeping a diary.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 1985

In view of the facts that dopamine (DA) when given directly into a lateral ventricle (i.c.v.) of the rabbit brain induces antidiuresis and that haloperidol, a non-specific antagonist of DA receptors, produces anti-diuresis in smaller doses and diuresis and natriuresis in larger doses, the present study was undertaken to delineate the roles of various DA receptors involved in the center-mediated regulation of renal function. Bromocriptine (BRC), a relatively specific agonist of D-2 receptors and at the same time a D-,1 antagonist, elicited natriuresis and diuresis when given i.c.v. in doses ranging from 20 to 600 {\mu}g/kg$, roughly in dose-related fashion, while the renal perfusion and glomerular filtration progressively decreased with doses, indicating that the diuretic, natriuretic action resides in the tubules, not related to the hemodynamic effects. These diuresis and natriuresis were most marked with 200 ${\mu}g/kg$, with the fractional sodium excretion reaching about 10%. With 600 ${\mu}g/kg$, however, the diuretic, natriuretic action was preceded by a transient oliguria resulting from severe reduction of renal perfusion, concomitant with marked but transient hypertension. When given intravenously, however, BRC produced antidiuresis and antinatriuresis along with decreases in renal hemodynamics associated with systemic hypotension, thus indicating that the renal effects produced by i.c.v. BRC is not caused by a direct renal effects of the agent which might have reached the systemic circulation. In experiments in which DA was given i.c.v. prior to BRC, 150 ${\mu}g/kg$ DA did not affect the effects of BRC (200 ${\mu}g/kg$), while 500 ${\mu}g/kg$ DA abolished the BRC effect. In rabbits treated with reserpine, 1 mg/kg i.v.,24 h prior to the experiment, i.c.v. BRC could unfold its renal effects not only undiminished but rather exaggerated and more promptly. In preparations in which one kidney is deprived of nervous connection, the denervated kidney responded with marked diuresis and natriuresis, whereas the innervated, control kidney exhibited antidiuresis. These observations suggest that i.c.v. BRC influences the renal function through release of some humoral natriuretic factor as well as by increasing sympathetic tone, and that various DA receptors might be involved with differential roles in the center-mediated regulation of the renal function.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.237-241
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• 1984

The effect of lofexidine, clonidine, and other drugs on castor oilinduced diarrhea in rats was investigated. Castor oil was administered orally and drugs were administered intraperitoneally. The results were as follows. 1. Lofexidine(0.1-43{\mu}mol$/kg) blocked dose dependently caster oil-induced diarrhea like clonidine, but its potency was weaker than that of clonidine, 1. Yohimbine (1-10{\mu}mol/kg$) antagonized the antidiarrheal action of lofexidine and clonidine. 3. Prazosin (3-30{\mu}mol/kg$) did not antagonize the antidiarrheal action of lofexidine and clonidine. 4. Metoclopramide, bromocriptine mesylate, and nadolol did not affect antidiarrheal action of lofexidine significantly. 5. Loperamid prolonged the antidiarrheal action of lofexidine.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.135-145
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• 1988

Dopamine when given icv induces antidiuresis along with transient natriuretic tendency, and it has been suggested that both subtypes of central dopamine receptors may influence renal function differentially. This study was undertaken to delineate the role of central $D_2$ receptors employing domperidone (DOM), a selective $D_2$ antagonist. DOM icv elicited antidiuresis and antinatriuresis in doses ranging from 15 to $135{\mu}g/kg$. GFR and RPF as well as sodium excretion decreased. Systemic blood pressure increased slightly. Intravenous DOM did not elicit significant changes in sodium excretion. Denervation of the kidney abolished the hemodynamic change induced by icv DOM, but sodium excretion decreased on both innervated and denervated kidneys. No diuretic tendency was uncovered by the denervation. Dopamine, $150{\mu}g/kg$ icv, produced antidiuresis along with decreases in hemodynamics. These effects were not affected by DOM-pretreatment, and no natriuretic tendency was unveiled. Bromocriptine, a $D_2$ receptor agonist, $200{\mu}g/kg$ icv, elicited marked diuresis and natriuresis, which were completely abolished by DOM-pretreatment. Apomorphine, another prototype of $D_2$ agonist, $150{\mu}g/kg$ icv, produced diuresis and natrituresis with increases in renal hemdoynamics, followed by decreases in all parameters. DOM-pretreatment did not affect the renal hemodynamic effects, wherease the increases in urine flow and sodium excretion were markedly reduced by DOM, Present study suggests that central $200{\mu}g/kg$ receptors mediate natriuretic and diuretic influence to the kidney, possibly through mediation of natriuretic humoral factor, and provide further evidence supporting the hypothesis that central $200{\mu}g/kg$ receptors mediate antidiuretic influence via nerve pathway, whereas natriuresis are brought about through mediation of central $200{\mu}g/kg$ receptors.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a severe iatrogenic complication of treatment with antipsychotic medication. The aim of this review is to provide the clinical characteristics and treatments of children and adolescents with NMS. Searches were conducted in Medline, Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), and Research Information Service System (RISS). Sixteen case reports and two review articles were selected in Medline, and two Korean cases reported in department of emergency medicine and pediatrics were selected from RISS. Heterogeneous and atypical presentations of NMS were observed in children and adolescents. Some noticeable differences were observed between adult patients and child patients with NMS. In addition, symptom presentations related to atypical antipsychotic agents differed from those of typical ones. In treatment, bromocriptine and benzodiazepine were recommended for management of symptoms. In particular, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was a useful treatment option. For prevention and early detection of NMS in children and adolescents, evaluation of risk factors and understanding of diagnostic features of NMS are very important.