• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.817-831
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• 2014

In this paper insights from studies on the middle income trap and value chains analyses are combined to investigate one particular industry in one particular region: the sugarcane industry in Northeastern Thailand. Focusing on this region enables an in-depth focus on geographical differentiation of the middle income trap. The empirical outcomes demonstrate that policymakers involved with sugar should look at the particular challenges in Northeastern Thailand: 1. The role of brokers which is unaddressed in the current regulatory environment; 2. A lack of information of the regulatory environment among growers; 3. Distrust between growers and millers; 4. Alack of implementation of R&D efforts; 5 .A lack of support from associations; 6. The labor shortage problem, and 7. No incentives for growers, brokers and millers to improve quality and embark on upgrading. Since agricultural value chains in Southeast Asia often start in relatively poor rural areas it is imperative that policymakers balance the interests of upstream, midstream and downstream actors. Unfortunately, this is rather difficult as midstream actors (millers) and wholesalers are powerful and therefore, are in the best position to defend their interests. Our insights could function as comparative material for similar studies within other Southeast Asian upstream value chains.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.819-831
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• 2019

The types of properties traded in modern times are rapidly increasing due to changes in consumption patterns. However, as the type of properties traded increases, estimation about the value of properties may become inaccurate. There is a problem that it is difficult for consumers to estimate the right value and the variety of trading forms makes it difficult to guarantee the reliability of value estimation As access to a variety of properties has expanded, these shortcomings are considered to be a factor that hinders the stability of the shared economic market. In this paper, to resolve this issue, we present a blockchain-based property contract service through a trusted broker. The developed service registers trusted brokers into smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain and use them for the evaluation and contract process of properties. In addition, registered contents, proposals and contracts of properties are stored in the blockchain to ensure the reliability of the contract process. Every step of the contract process is stored in the smart contract, recorded in the transaction history of the blockchain, ensuring the reliability of the stored data. In addition, the entire process of registration, proposal, and contract is driven by smart contracts designed by state machine technology, enabling users to more securely control the contract process.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.289-312
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• 2009

Under the circumstance of increasing international trade volumes and limitation of customs human resources, it is necessary to shift the customs' revenue collection activities and audit method from a transaction-based approach to an account-based approach. Thus, in 1997, U.S. Customs services established the Account Management Program. The Account Management Program is designed to increase importer compliance and improve customer service through one-on-one interaction with business entities and a designated Customs representative(Account Manager). The Account Management Program is a comprehensive process that includes the following stages and activities ; selection of a potential Account, establishment of the Account, management of the Account. In 2009, Korea Customs service introduced and executed the Account Management Program. But owing to its early stages, Korea Customs service does not suggest effective direction of development of the AM program. So I can propose the following improvements of the Account Management Program in Korea. Firstly, the Account Managers have to be assigned more traders than AEOs(Authorized Economic Operators). Secondly, it is necessary that Customs service appoints part-time port Account Managers to help more traders to improve customs compliance. Thirdly, thought should be given as to Account can be expanded to encompass both small and medium enterprises(SME) by providing customs brokers managing their customs business on the behalf of the SME with the Account Managers. Lastly, Customs service has to establish performance measures and action plan for the Account Management Program.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1369-1378
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• 2017

Pub/Sub (Publish/Subscribe) paradigm is a simple and easy to use model for interconnecting applications in a distributed environment. In general, subscribers register their interests in a topic or a pattern of events and then asynchronously receive events matching their interest, regardless of the events' publisher. In order to build a low latency lightweight pub/sub system for Internet of Things (IoT) services, we propose a GQSFPS (Group Quorum System-based Fog Pub/Sub) system that is a core component in the event-driven service oriented architecture framework for IoT services. The GQSFPS organizes multiple installed pub/sub brokers in the fog servers into a group quorum based P2P (peer-to-peer) topology for the efficient searching and the low latency accessing of events. Therefore, the events of IoT are cached on the basis of group quorum, and the delay-sensitive IoT applications of edge devices can effectively access the cached events from group quorum fog servers in low latency. The performance of the proposed GQSFPS is evaluated through an analytical model, and is compared to the GQPS (grid quorum-based pud/sub system).

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.57
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• pp.305-331
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• 2013

The purpose of this study aims to the improvement prospect of green insurance industry in Korea. Green insurance includes all classes of general insurance business including unoccupied property insurance and empty building insurance, business insurance, personal insurance, etc. Green policies often cover expensive systems that are not covered under most property policies. The same is true for some underground property, which is also exempted from many property policies. At least insurers already offer products designed to fund rebuilding damaged properties to meet certain environmental and building standards. While the products are in their infancy, insurers and brokers say the huge interest in environmental issues will increase demand. Green buildings that improve energy efficiency and air quality and reduce waste are designed to reduce their effects on the environment and the health of building occupants. Buildings account for 39% of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions, according to the Department of Energy. Insurers say that, as sustainable buildings become more common, green insurance will become more popular and some of its features might become a standard part of property policies.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.51-69
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• 2008

The financial industry in which arbitration is most frequently resorted to so as to resolve disputes is the sector related to the securities industry. Most securities related disputes are raised from broker-dealer controversies which is not new in the Republic of Korea. The disputes between securities brokers and customers are very frequently settled by arbitration in the United States. But the arbitration in the securities area may deprive investors from securities regulation's protection. Introducing the United States' Federal Supreme Courts cases, the author explores the logic of how the pre-dispute arbitration agreement compatible with Securities regulations. However, the author insist the South Korea should more careful in accepting pre-dispute arbitration contract in securities area. Mostly because of the lack of more specific way to secure substantive fairness in securities arbitration. Also the author worries about the possibility of prevailing pre-dispute arbitration agreement in all of the securities investment contract without any other choices, or securities laws' protection. But the author also suggests to introduce public securities arbitration system of the States, and also insists the way to secure substantive fairness, or the application of securities regulations in securities arbitrations. Which may be the pre-requirements for the pre-dispute arbitration agreement in securities investment contract.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.112-130
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• 2014

Many actors are involved in the development of regional innovation systems (RIS) such as universities, private firms, research institutions, governments, and public agencies. In a country like Korea, where the central government takes more than 95% of the total government R&D budget, the role of regional authorities in science, technology, and innovation are fairly limited, although in recent years some regional governments have tried to promote innovation activity in their localities. This paper looks into the Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion (GSTEP) in Gyeonggi Province and examines its emerging role and achievements in innovation policymaking. It was found out that GSTEP engages in knowledge brokering with the purpose of helping firms participate in regional technological innovation processes. The knowledge brokering roles of this regional authority are described along with their implications for regional innovation policy. This study aims for a deeper understanding of the nature of the regional authority's role in a RIS through the case study of regional actors transitioning from being subordinators to becoming active participants with greater participation on policymaking and implementation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.67-77
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• 2016

Shareholders solely depend on annual reports to make investment, credit and other decisions. Investors expect that information should be reliable, relevant, comparable, consistent and thus easy to use for decision making. But whether the importance of annual reports to all shareholders is equally significant is a question of research. Thus, this research study tries to find out the importance of reading annual reports to the investors. A questionnaire survey is conducted on investors considering thirty one general shareholders and six brokers. This research based survey finds that most of the shareholders have no knowledge about accounting or finance and they have little knowledge about capital markets due to lack of training. This study also finds that general shareholders read an annual report at least moderately except value added statement, chairman's review, director's report and rumor. This study recommends human resource should be developed through adequate training, and annual reports should provide transparent and quality information which will ultimately increase the confidence of investors.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.395-416
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• 2008

The advance information for oceangoing cargoes destined to th United States enable CBP to evaluate the potential risk of smuggling WMD and to facilitate the prompt release of legitimate cargo following its arrival in the Unites States. On January 1, 2008, CBP promulgate regulations, also known as 10+2 rule, to require the electronic transmission of additional data elements for improved high-risk targeting, including appropriate security elements of entry data for cargo destined to the United States by vessel prior to loading of such cargo on vessels at foreign seaports. The potential impact to an importer's international supply chain will be as follows ; Firstly, importers will take incremental supply chain costs and filing costs. Secondly, anticipate delay in shipment of containerized cargo. Thirdly, importers could be charged fines if they fail to file and file inaccurate or missing data. Companies exporting to the United States should be interested in 10+2 rule, analyze their current processes and procedures to ensure that they are prepared to handle the additional filing requirements of 10+2 rule. And they should focus on how 10+2 impacts their supply chain in terms of costs and sourcing. They will be necessary to revise service legal agreements with their forwarders, customs brokers or carriers in order to meet filing requirements of 10+2 rule.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.263-298
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• 2010

The global trading system is vulnerable to terrorist exploitation while the international trade is an essential element for the economic development. Customs has a unique role in the international trade to provide increased security while ensuring facilitation of the legitimate flow of goods and the role of Customs has become more and more indispensable these days. In response to this trend, the World Customs Organization(WCO), the organization of more than 170 Customs administrations all over the world, adopted an international framework("SAFE Framework") in 2005, which includes the Authorized Economic Operator(AEO) concept, whereby a party involved in the international movement of goods would be approved by Customs as complying with the supply chain security standards, and given benefits, such as simplified Customs procedure and less Customs intervention. In this stream, the Japanese government has developed and promoted AEO Program in close cooperation with the business sector, aiming at ensuring security while facilitating legitimate trade. For that purpose, Japan Customs, as a main entity in the field of international trade, has developed comprehensive AEO program with combination of programs for importers, exporters, warehouse operators, Customs brokers and logistics operators, such as forwarders and carriers, which are consistent with the "SAFE Framework" developed by the WCO. The purpose of this paper aims to analyse the introduction plans of AEO program for the trade security and trade facilitation with Japanese AEO system.