• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.84-86
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of yeast Rhodotourula glutinis(Glutincus) on the performance and egg quality of layers. A total of 360 ISA Brown layers of 72 weeks old were assigned to one of the following 6 diets ：control, 25 ppm ${\beta}$-carotene. 0.5％, 1％, 2％ and 4％ Glutinicus supplemented diet. Each treatment was replicated three times with 20 birds housed in 2 birds cage units. Glutinicus supplemented at the level of 0.5％ significantly(p＜0.05) improved egg production and FCR. Soft and broken egge production rate decreased as the level of Glutinicus supplementation increased. Eggshell was highest in Glutinicus 4％ supplementation. Egg yolk color increased linearly as the level of Glutinicus supplementation increased up to 2％ of the diet. It was concluded that Glutinicus supplementation at the level of 0.5％ can be recommended for the improvement of egg production while 2.0％ can be recommended for egg yolk pigmentation.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2017

This experiment was aimed at investigating the effects of dietary supplementation with fermented rice bran (FRB) or fermented broken rice (FBR) on egg-laying performance, egg quality, blood parameters, and cholesterol level in egg yolk of Hy-Line Brown egg-laying hens. Altogether, 144 Hy-Line Brown egg-laying hens (32-week-old) were randomly allocated to one of 4 dietary treatment groups, with 4 replicates per treatment. Of them, 3 treatments diets were prepared by supplementing the basal diet with 0.1% probiotics (PRO), 1% fermented rice bran (FRB), or 1% fermented broken rice (FBR) at the expense of corn. Hen-day egg production was higher (P<0.05) in PRO and FRB treatment groups than in the basal treatment groups. However, feed intake, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio did not differ among the treatment groups. Additionally, supplementation with FRB or FBR did not affect eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg yolk color, and Haugh unit during the feeding trial. There was no significant difference in leukocyte count. Total cholesterol level was lower (P<0.05) in the FRB treatment group than in the basal treatment groups. Asparate aminotransferase, alanine transferase, glucose, and albumin levels were unaffected by dietary supplementation with FRB or FBR. Egg yolk cholesterol level was lower (P<0.05) in the FRB and FBR treatment groups than in the basal treatment groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with FRB or FBR improved egg-laying performance, and reduced the levels of total serum cholesterol and cholesterol in egg yolk of Hy-Line Brown egg-laying hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.946-951
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• 2010

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of blood meal (BM) as a source of histidine, and magnesium oxide (MgO) as a catalyst of carnosine synthetase, on carnosine (L-Car) content in the chicken breast muscle (CBM), laying performance, and egg quality of spent old hens. Four hundred eighty laying hens (Hy-Line$^{(R)}$ Brown), 95wk old, were allotted randomly into five replicates of six dietary treatments: T1; 100% basal diet, T2; 100% basal diet+MgO, T3; 97.5% basal diet+2.5% BM, T4; 97.5% basal diet+2.5% BM+MgO, T5; 95% basal diet+5% BM, T6; 95% basal diet+5% BM+MgO. Magnesium oxide was added at 0.3% of diets. The layers were fed experimental diets for 5wk. There were no significant differences in the weekly L-Car content in CBM among all treatments during the total experimental period, but some of the contrast comparisions showed higher L-Car in CBM of T6. The L-Car contents linearly decreased (p<0.01 or p<0.05) as the layers got older except in T4 (p>0.05). There were significant differences in egg weight (p<0.01) and soft and broken egg ratio (p<0.05). The control (T1) was highest in egg weight and T6 was lowest in soft and broken egg ratio. Among the parameters of egg quality, there were significant differences in eggshell strength (p<0.01) and egg yolk color (p<0.05). Magnesium oxide supplementation increased the eggshell strength and BM tended to decrease egg yolk color. Eggshell color, eggshell thickness, and Haugh unit were not influenced by BM and MgO. In conclusion, BM and MgO did not significantly influence the L-Car in CBM of spent layers. The L-Car content rapidly decreased as the layers became senescent. Eggshell strength was increased by MgO supplementation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1085-1089
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• 1999

Energy requirement of Rhode Island Red (RIR) hens was studied by comparative slaughter technique. Seventeen hens above 72 weeks of age were slaughtered in batches. Batch I consisted of 5 hens which were slaughtered initially. Batch II comprised of six hens, which were fed ad libitum broken rice (BR)-based diet for 18 days. Record of feed intake, number of eggs laid and egg weight during the period was kept. These hens were slaughtered and body energy content was determined. Egg energy was consisted as energy deposited. Batch III consisting of six hens which were fed varying quantity of diet for 15 days, were slaughtered similarly as hens of batch II. Regression equation (body weight to body energy) developed on batch I was applied to batch II and developed on batch II was applied to batch III hens, to find out initial body energy content of hens. Egg energy (EE) was calculated according to formula: EE (kcal) = -19.7 + 1.81 egg weight (g). Regressing metabolisable energy (ME) intake on energy balance (body energy change + egg energy), maintenance ME requirement of hens was found to be $119.8kcal/kg\;W^{0.75}/d$. Multiple regression of ME required for production on energy retained as protein and fat (body plus egg energy) indicated that RIR hens synthesize proteins with an efficiency of 85.5 and fat with an efficiency exceeding 100 percent on BR based diet.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2023

Objective: Current quail production is configured as an economic activity in scale. Advancements in quail nutrition have been limited to areas such as breeding and, automation of facilities and ambience. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance responses, liver and oviduct morphometry, and liver histology of Japanese laying quails subjected to different levels of nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (MEn). Methods: A completely random design was used that consisted of nine levels of MEn, six replicates, and five hens per cage with a total of 270 quails. The experimental period lasted for 10 weeks. The variables of performance were subjected to analysis of variance and then regression analysis using the broken-line model. The morphometric and histological variables were subjected to multivariate exploratory techniques. Results: The MEn levels influenced the responses to zootechnical performance. The broken-line model estimated the maximum responses for feed intake, egg production, egg weight, and egg mass as 3,040, 2,820, 1,802, and 2,960 kcal of MEn per kg of diet, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the occurrence of hepatic steatosis and increased levels of Kupffer cells were not related to MEn levels. Conclusion: The level of 2,960 kcal/kg of MEn meets performance variable requirements without compromising hepatic physiology.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.975-980
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• 2004

본 연구는 사료 내 Rhodotorula glutinis(Gluti- nicus) 효모의 첨가가 계란의 생산성, 난각 및 난황 색도에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 72주령의 갈색 산란계 ISA Brown 360수를 공시하여 control, $\beta$-carotene 25ppm, 0.5%, 1%, 2% 그리고 4% Glutinicus로 처리하여 시험하였다. 각각의 처리구는 3반복, 반복당 20수씩, 한 케이지당 2수씩 배치하여 6주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. Glutinicus 첨가구 중 0.5% 수준(p<0.05)에서 사료요구율(FCR)과 계란 생산성 개선이 유의하게 나타났으며 연파란 발생율은 Glutinicus 첨가량 수준이 증가함에 따라서 감소하였다. 난각 강도는 Glutinicus 4% 첨가 시에 가장 높았으며, 난황 색도는 Glutinicus가 증가함에 따라서 2% 첨가까지 점차적으로 증가하였지만 Glutinicus 4% 첨가구와 2% 첨가구와는 유의적으로 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 Glutinicus 0.5% 첨가가 계란 생산성을 증진시킬 수 있고, 난황 착색을 위해서는 Glutinicus 2% 첨가가 효과적이었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2016

Consumers demand fresh and high-quality eggs. Egg quality may be represented by shell color, shell weight, egg weight, shell thickness, shell density, albumen height, yolk color, albumen pH and viscosity. Various factors such as strain, age of hen, storage temperature, humidity, the presence of $CO_2$ and storage time affect egg quality. Therefore, we investigated the effects of storage time and temperature on egg quality to define the freshness of Korean market eggs. A total of 1,800 eggs were used for this experiment and were separated into 45 treatments with 40 eggs in each. The treatments were consisted of 15 storage periods (2 d to 30 d) and 3 storage temperatures ($2^{\circ}C$, $12^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$). Each egg was weighed and broken, and the height of the thick albumen, Haugh units (HU), egg shell color and yolk color were measured by a QCM+system. We also observed the physiochemical properties of eggs such as yolk pH, albumen pH and albumen viscosity. The egg weight, shell weight, albumen height, HU and albumen viscosity significantly decreased with increasing storage time and temperature. However, the albumen and yolk pH significantly increased with increasing storage period and temperature. The interaction effects between the storage period and temperature were significant for shell weight, shell density, egg weight, albumen height, HU, yolk color, yolk pH, albumen pH and albumen viscosity. In the analysis of the correlation with egg quality, the storage temperature exhibited a higher correlation coefficient than the storage period. In conclusion, storage time and temperature are the major factors affecting egg quality, but the storage temperature is a more sensitive determinant of egg quality deterioration compared with the storage period.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2002

비타민 C 첨가가 산란계의 생산성과 난각의 품질에 미치는 영향을 측정하기 위하여 사양실험을 실시하였다. 71주령된 산란계(ISA-Brown) 800수를 공시하여 LG 비타민 C를 각각 0, 3, 10, 50, 100 ppm, flee ascorbic acid 100 ppm, Rovimix stay C-35 100 ppm, vitamin C 50 ppm + Zn chelate (100 ppm in Zn)를 첨가한 8처리구에 5반복, 반복당 20수씩 2수용 케이지에 수용하여 난괴법으로 배치하였다. 사양실험은 5월 중순에 시작하여 4주간 실시하였으며, 이 기간 중 평균온도는 23,8$^{\circ}C$(오후 5:00 기준)이었다. 비타민 C의 첨가시 대조구에 비해 산란을, 난중 및 난각 품질의 개선효과는 없었다. 비타민 C첨가구들 중 100 ppm의 LG 비타민 C 첨가구, Rovimix stay C-35 첨가구, LG 비타민 C 50 ppm+zn chelate 첨가구의 산란율이 대조구에 비해 낮았으며, 난중은 대조구와 LG 비타민 C 100 ppm 첨가구가 가장 높았다. 50, 100 ppm LG 비타민 C 첨가와 Rovimix stay C-35첨가는 연파란율을 증가시켰다. 난각두께는 LG 비타민 C 첨가구 모두 대조구와 차이가 없었다 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 외기 온도가20-$26^{\circ}C$인 환경하에서는 산란계 사료에 3-100 ppd수준의 비타민 C첨가는 산란계의 생산성 개선에 유의한 영향을 주지 못하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.524-530
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• 2012

Laying hens were fed commercial diets added with supplemented fat (SFAT) at 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8% in order to study the long term dietary effects - on - their productive performance from 22 to 75 wk of age. Five hundred and seventy six Single Comb White Leghorn hens were assigned to one of the four dietary treatments. The experimental phase consisted of three periods of 18 wk each. The final body weight and gain of hens fed on diets with SFAT at 1.2% and 1.8% were lower (p<0.05) than those hens given no SFAT. The SFAT at the 1.2% and 1.8% levels improved egg production rate, egg weight and mass, as well as FCR. Mortality and feed consumption were not affected by dietary SFAT. Administration of a diet with SFAT significantly decreased the cracked-broken egg ratio (p<0.01). The beneficial effects of SFAT on egg production performance were particularly more pronounced at intermediate and later ages. Hence, SFAT by period interactions were significant for all traits studied except feed intake. Hens fed SFAT deposited significantly higher abdominal fat than those on the no-SFAT diet. As a result, SFAT at 1.2% and 1.8% inclusion levels provided benefits in terms of efficient table egg production.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2004년도 제21차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.93-94
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• 2004

The experiments was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of feather meal and pyridoxine on the taurine content of egg yolk and performance of laying hens. Feeding trial was conducted with 900 31-wk-old Hy-Line Brown layers for 4wks. The experiment consisted of six dietary treatments: control(basal diet), feather meal(FM) 3 % diet(FM 3 %), FM 3 % + pyridoxine supplemented diet(FM 3 % + Pyridox), FM 6 % diet, FM 6 % + pyridoxine supplemented diet(FM 6% + Pyridox), Synthetic taurine 0.25 % supplemented diet(Taurine). Egg production of birds fed FM 3% was highest and those of the FM diets were also higher than those of Taurine and the control. Egg weight of Taurine was significantly lower than those of FM 3 %, FM 6 % and the control but were not significantly different from those of FM 3 % + Pyridox or FM 6 % + Pyridox. Feed intake of the control was greater than those of FM 6 %, FM 6% + Pyridox or Taurine treatment but was not significantly different from those of FM 3 % and FM 3 % + Pyridox. Feed conversion of the control was significantly higher than other treatments in which that of FM 6 % was lowest. Broken and soft egg production of Taurine was highest while that of the control was lowest among treatments. Taurine content of egg yolk significantly increased by supplementation of taurine(64.7 %). FM 6 % + pyridoxine(57 %), FM 3% + pyridoxine (32.1%) and FM 6% (16.6 %). Sensory evaluation data of Taurine has shown the highest score in most of sensory attributes. It is concluded that taurine can be enriched in egg yolk by supplementation of 6 % FM diet and pyridoxine as well as 0.25 % synthetic taurine.