• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1999

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary swine manure and food waste on feeding and drinking behaviours in broiler chicks. A total of 240 birds with 40g of initial weight were randomly assigned in the 8$\times$3 randomized complete block design and 10 birds per replicate. Extrusion recycled feeds(ERF) were prepared by extruding a mixture of 40% swine manure+40% food waste(FW)+20% corn. The birds assigned to one of the 8 dietary regimens; 0, 10, 30, 40% ERF of 20, 40, 60% FW in the place of a commercial boiler starter diet. Video recording were made after one week of adaptation period to the regimen. The tapes were played in a slow motion to examine feeding and drinking behaviour. Feeding and drinking times were greater in the day time at the night. Feeding times peaked at 4 hour intervals. Drinking time increased about 2 times on FW feeding compared to the other treatment groups. The results indicated that feeding and drinking behaviour could be influenced by the dietary regimens and that FW feeding increased drinking. The data also suggested that the FW could replace within 40% of broiler starter diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.610-614
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of fumonisin contamination in corn and corn-based feeds in Taiwan. A total of 233 samples was collected from 8 feed mill factories located in four different regions in Taiwan. The presence of fumonisin $B_1$ ($FB_1$) and $B_2$ ($FB_2$) was determined by thin layer chromatograph, while the total fumonisin content was determined using immuno-affinity column cleanup and fluorometer quantitation. Our results showed that 55 samples of swine feeds had the highest percentage of incidence of $FB_1$ and $FB_2$ (41.8% and 41.8%, respectively), followed by 66 samples of duck feeds (40.9% and 37.8%). However, the percentage of incidence of $FB_1$ and $FB_2$ was much lower in 43 samples of broiler feeds (23.2% and 13.9%) and 69 samples of corn (17.3% and 10.1%). Corn and duck feeds were found to have a significant higher level of means of total fumonisins ($5.4{\pm}1.5$ and $5.8{\pm}0.6$ ppm, respectively) than swine feeds ($2.9{\pm}0.4$ ppm) and broiler feeds ($3.0{\pm}0.5$ ppm). Comparing fumonisins distribution in different regions, the highest percentage of $FB_1$ incidence (39.2%) was found in the eastern region of Taiwan, and total fumonisins level ($4.5{\pm}0.7$ ppm) was significantly higher than other regions. However, the highest percentage of $FB_2$ incidence (32.0%) was found in the central region of Taiwan. Trimonthly analysis of data showed that both high percentage of $FB_1$ and $FB_2$ incidence (39.3% and 37.7%) and total concentration of fumonisin ($5.7{\pm}0.4$ ppm) were found in the period of Jan. to Mar., The incidence and concentration were significantly higher than other trimothly periods. These results indicate that fumonisin B mycotoxins are both widespread and persistent in feed-grade corn and corn-based feeds in Taiwan.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.7.1-7.7
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• 2021

The levels of aflatoxin (AFT) and ochratoxin (OCT) were assessed at different seasons in raw materials, different feed manufacture processing stages, and animal feeds in feed mills in Korea implementing the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system. Two hundred samples were collected in all four seasons from five feed mills implementing the HACCP system and examined for AFT and OCT contents. The AFT and OCT levels were analysed by using HPLC method to provide information on raw material and product stage. The AFT content of raw ingredients in the spring season was highest in corn gluten (3.84 ppb) and lowest in corn (1.82 ppb) The AFT content of corn was highest in the winter season (2.17 ppb). The content of OCT in wheat was highest in the winter season. The amounts of AFT and OCT at processing stages were higher than in the raw materials or feed. In particular, AFT content was higher in the transfer stage (3.88 ppb) than in the mixing (2.86 ppb) or filling stages (3.45 ppb) in the summer season. The means of AFT and OCT level in laying hen feed was 3.41 ppb and 1.14 ppb for broiler feed, respectively. The means of AFT and OCT level in and broiler feeds was 3.44 ppb and 1.17 ppb for broiler feed, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.873-879
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• 2003

The study was conducted to improve the nutritive value of defatted rice polishing (DRP). DRP was treated with various concentrations of HCl, NaOH, $H_2O_2$ and Kemzyme-H $F^{(R)} and the effect on its chemical composition and nutritive value in broiler chicks was observed. The treatments levels of 0.4 N HCl, 0.2 N NaOH and 6% $H_2O_2$ were selected from many concentrations of HCl, NaOH and $H_2O_2$ tried earlier on DRP. The selection was made on the basis of release of nutrients from DRP. The Kemzyme-H $F^{(R)} was used at rate of 0.1% of DRP. The selected concentrations of HCl, NaOH, and $H_2O_2$ were then used for treatment of DRP that was used in biological experiments. Two hundred and forty, day-old Hubbard male broiler chicks (38-40 g) were randomly divided into 48 experimental units with five chicks each. Each chemically treated DRP was incorporated into broiler diets at 10, 20 or 30% levels replacing yellow corn from the control feed and thus sixteen experimental feeds were prepared. These feeds were randomly assigned to 48 experimental units such that there were three replicates of chicks on each diet. The results of the study suggest that DRP can be effectively used in broiler diets at 20% level. The best weight gain and feed conversion ratio were observed with diet containing 20% level of DRP treated with 6% $H_2O_2$. The diets containing 30% levels of treated DRP were uneconomical, as excess use of oil was required to compensate the energy needs of the birds.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2000

This work was designed to investigate the performances of broiler breeder hens upon the addition were vitamin and mineral supplements in feeds. Animals were divided into for feed groups such as control, T$_1$,T$_2$and T$_3$, and each treatment has four replications. All broiler breeder hens were housed individually, and were fed with identical iso-metaboilic energy and iso-protein, except for vitamins and minerals. Different sources and levels of vitamins and minerals were added to the basic feeds according to the treatments. At the end of the experiments, general laying rate(hen days), average egg weight, hatching egg laying rate(Hen day) every day. Hatching egg weight, sterility, embryo mortality, hatching rate and chick weight were examined. Although, early laying rate in all treatment groups were reduced during cold term management, general egg laying rate was increased only T$_3$group which was contanining vitamin C. However, similar results were obtained in the rates of general and hatching egg laying. General egg laying rate were somewhat higher of Control, T$_2$and T$_3$ groups than that of T$_1$group. In addition, the laying rates of general and hatching eggs slightly improved in the T$_3$group rather than those of Control group. Egg weight was reduced with the increasing of laying rate, showing the highest in the T$_3$group. The laying rate showed significantly lower value than those of any other groups. Egg weight was about 65g in T$_3$group. The results of hatching performance for production ability of Broiler breeder hens were fed experimental diet, although the rates of non-hatched and hatched eggs increased in order of Control, T$_1$T$_2$and T$_3$groups. However, the rate of embryo mortality was declined in order Control, T$_1$T$_2$and T$_3$groups.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 1985

The purpose of the study is to review the evolutional process of the U.S. broiler industry into the integrated production and marketing systems and to examine the factors influenced such a structural change over the Past half a century. The study is also carried out under the consideration that the experience gained by the integrated U.S. broiler industry could be utilized in applying the system to any non-integrated broiler industries like one in Korea. The U.S. broiler industry has been prevailed in the typical independent operation of all stages, from factor supply through growing to dressing and marketing until such time as growers began to suffer from financial difficulties right after the end of the World Wat II due mainly to lowered price of broilers stemmed from whopping decrease of the demand, which eventually reflected to the allied agribusiness sectors. The feed business field was the first reactor to this situation so that a kind of measures was taken to cope with the problems faced in such a way to provide extended credit on feeds first and help obtain chicks or sell broilers later. This trend has been practiced for broiler related agribusiness through late 1940's to work together with growers by coordinating its function between two or more stages involved in broiler production and marketing process as a means of spreading risk and sharing profit between stages Participated. The integrated system and contract farming thus became Popular across the country through mid 1950's.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1728-1733
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted at the experimental duck farm of Cantho University in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam to evaluate the effects of offering pairwise feeds with different crude protein (CP) levels to Cherry Valley broiler ducks from 28-63 days of age on feed intake and performance. Five diets consisting of mixtures of soya bean meal, fish meal, maize meal and fine rice bran, were formulated to give isocaloric diets with 30, 24, 18, 16 and 12% CP. These were offered separately as pellets to growing ducklings in the following combinations: 30+18, 30+12, 24+16 and 18+12. A diet with 20% CP (CP20) was used as control. All the diets were offered ad libitum. Daily feed intakes (g dry matter, DM) were 161, 168, 150, 101 and 143 g for the 30+18, 30+12, 24+16, 18+12 and CP20 treatments, respectively. CP intakes were 29.6, 27.0, 24.8, 17.1 and 22.9% of total DM intake, and the ratio of methionine+cystine to lysine was 0.76, 0.75, 0.75, 0.76 and 0.75 for the 30+18, 30+12, 24+16, 18+12 and CP20 treatments, respectively. Live weights at 63 days of age were 2,937, 3,054, 2,898, 2,200, and 2,811 g (p<0.001), and daily live weight gains 57.8, 61.7, 57.0, 38.5 and 55.7 g (p<0.001) for the 30+18, 30+12, 24+16, 18+12 and CP20 treatments, respectively. The weights and yields of the carcass, breast and thigh muscles, and heart decreased in the order 30+18, 30+12, 24+16, CP20 and 18+12 (p<0.001). The present study suggests that growing broiler offered a combination of high and low protein feeds pairwise will eat excessive amounts of the high protein feed, thus resulting in protein intakes above requirements.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.241-255
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• 1975

This experiment was conducted to observe the effects of fermented feed by Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger on the improvement of feed value and the effect of fermented feed additive for meat production of broiler. The results of fermented feed on the improvement of feed value were as follows; I; The effects of fermented feed value improvement were as follaws; 1) There were little difference between fermented feeds by Asp. oryzae and Asp. niger, compared with wheat bran, crude protein contents of Koji was highly increased and its nitrogen free extract and crude fat contents were decreased, but crude fiber and ash were little difference. 2) Total amino acids were highly increased as to fermented feeds but proline in Asp. niger koji feed, and proline and valine in Asp. oryzae koji feed were decreased and other amino acid were increased 2) The effect of fermented feeds on meat production of broiler were as follows; 1) Fermented feeds groups appeared higher weight (p<0.01)than weight of control on end of experimental period, but little difference were recognized between 5% and 10% fermented feed groups. 2) On the weight gain per day, highly significant were recognized(p<0.05) between control and test groups, 10% Asp. oryzae koji group was highest ($12.15{\pm}0.46g$) between all groups. 3) On the yield of carcass, there were significant highly difference (p<0.01) between control and test groups but little difference were recognized between each of 5% groups and 10% groups of fermented feeds. 4) Fermented feed groups appeared higher carcass yield (p (0<0.05) than control. But between all fermented feed groups were a little difference in partly. 5) On the influence of fowl meat composition, amount of moisture contents was a little decrease in fermented feed groups, and crude protein and crude fat were increased. 6) Feed conversion rate resulted a little amount decreasing. Specially, 10% Asp oryzae koji group was lowest (2.89) compare with control (3.35) 3. As a result of economical analysis appeared highest low income in koji groups. Low income were more gained percent of 40.22 in 10% Asp oryzae koji and 33.19 in 10% Asp. niger koji than control.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2013

해조류 에탄올 생산공정에서 남은 부산물을 사료화하기 위하여 부산물을 육계에 급여하여 사료가치를 평가하고자 시험하였다. 공시동물로 소형 육계(백세미) 초생추(1일령) 225수를 공시하였다. 시험구 편성은 육계 사료를 급여한 처리구를 Control로 하고, 전체 사료량에서 부산물 5% 혼합한 처리구를 5% SEPPB, 10% 혼합한 처리구를 10% SEPPB로 3처리로 분류하고, 처리구별 5반복 반복별 15수씩 공시하여 5주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 증체량은 2주령까지는 처리구 간에 차이가 없었으나, 3주령에서 10% SEPPB에 비해 Control과 5% SEPPB에서 각각 6.2%, 11.4% 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 5주령에서는 5% SEPPB에서 Control에 비해 32.3% 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 사료섭취량과 사료요구율은 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 가슴살의 육질특성 분석에서 pH는 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB과 10% SEPPB에서 각각 2.5%, 2.3% 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 전단력은 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB와 10% SEPPB에서 각각 31.3%, 14.7%로 유의적으로 낮았고 가열감량은 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB과 10% SEPPB에서 14.4%로 유의적으로 낮았다(P>0.05). 가슴살의 일반성분 분석에서 수분, 조단백질, 조회분의 함량은 처리구 간에 차이가 없었으나, 조지방은 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB에서 6.8% 높았으며(P<0.05), 지방산 함량은 stearic acid가 10% SEPPB에서 유의적으로 높았고(P<0.05), linolenic acid는 5% SEPPB 및 10% SEPPB에서 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 혈청 내 Interleukin-2(IL-2)의 함량은 Control에 비해 5% SEPPB에서 약 44%, 10% SEPPB에서 약 36%로 유의적으로 증가하였으며(P<0.05), Interleukin-6(IL-6)의 함량은 Control와 5% SEPPB에서는 유사하였으나, 10% SEPPB에서 약 62% 정도의 유의적으로 높은 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 혈청화학치 조사에서 Albumin의 함량은 5% SEPPB에서 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 다음으로 Control, 10% SEPPB 순으로 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과에서 해조류 에탄올 공정 부산물은 사료로써 가치가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 특히 높은 면역활성을 일으키는 물질이 함유되고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2006

버섯(mushroom)의 가축사료화 가능성을 조사하여 친환경농업 소재개발의 기초자료로 활용하고자 시험한 결과, 팽이버섯 탈병배지를 육게사료에 5~10% 첨가시 사료절감 10~20%, 복강지방 감소 25~37% 및 육질개선 효과가 있었다. 또한 팽이버섯 탈병배지를 육계사료에 5~10% 첨가하여 사육한 닭고기는 아미노산 함량이 33~38% 증가하였으나, 20% 이상 첨가시는 오히려 감소하는 경향이었다.