• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1309-1314
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• 2004

The red carotenoid, astaxanthin was studied to improve the meat quality of broiler chickens. Astaxanthin pigmented chickens and delayed oxidation of lipid in them. Two sources of astaxanthin were used to pigment broiler chickens in a five-wk feeding trial: biological astaxanthin (BA) from the red yeast, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, and chemical astaxanthin (CA) from chemical synthesis. The concentrations of CA (45 mg/kg feed) and BA (22.5 mg/kg feed) were set to give similar levels of pigmentation. The colorimetric values (a and b) of breast muscles were significantly changed by astaxanthin (p${\leq}$0.01). Absorption and accumulation of BA were higher than those of CA, probably due to the high contents of lipids in the yeast (17%). Lipid peroxide formation in skin was significantly decreased by astaxanthin (p${\leq}$0.05). This result indicated that the production of lipid peroxides in the carcasses of broiler chickens during storage could be delayed by astaxanthin. Therefore, astaxanthin could be used as an antioxidant as well as a colorant for broiler chickens.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 산삼의 조직 배양 후 폐기되는 산삼 배양액을 육계에 음수를 통하여 다양한 농도로 급여한 후 계육의 일반 성분, 물리화학적인 성상 및 이화학적 성상 변화를 분석하여 산삼 배양액의 효능과 첨가제로서의 가능성을 규명하였다. 산삼 배양액을 급여한 육계 가슴육의 수분 함량, 조단백질과 조지방의 함량에 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았지만 조회분의 함량은 산삼 배양액 32 mL/L 급여군이 다른 처리군에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한, 산삼 배양액 급여군에서 육즙 손실, 조리 감량, 전단력과 저장성은 감소되는 경향을 보이나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았지만 산삼 배양액 급여군의 가슴육 pH는 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 산삼 배양액의 급여에 의해 육제품에서 미생물의 번식을 억제하고 보존이나 내구성을 강화시키거나, 육계의 골격 형성과 육질 내 삼투압이나 항상성 유지에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2004년도 제21차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.95-96
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of feather meal (FM its) digests on the performance of broiler chicks and taurine content in broiler meat. A total of 1,000 broiler chickens were assigned to five dietary treatments : Control, FM diet(FM), FM+pyridoxine(FM+Pyridox), H$_2$O$_2$ treated FM diet(H$_2$O$_2$-FM) and enzyme treated FM diet (Enzyme-FM). Treated diets were supplemented with FM or FM digests at the level of 5 % to the control diet. During the stater period, weight gain of chicks fed FM+Pyridox was significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of the other FM or FM digest treatments but was not different from the control. Weight gam of overall period were not significantly different among treatments. Feed intake of the control was greater than that of FM or FM digest treatments. Feed conversion ratio(feed intake/gain) of chicks fed FM and H$_2$O$_2$-FM were significantly higher than those of Enzyme-FM and FM+Pyridox, but were not significantly different from the control. Taurine contents of leg and breast mucle were significantly (P<0.01) different among treatments but those of liver were not significantly different. Taurine content of FM+Pyridox was highest in both leg and breast muscle. It was 85 % higher in leg muscle and 15 % higher in breast muscle than that of the control. Sensory evaluation data showed significant but not consistant responses in various parameters. FM + Pyridox treatment showed highest score in aroma of raw leg muscle of male and in juiciness and tenderness of broiled breast muscle of male chickens. Control group showed highest color score in raw leg muscle of female and lowest overall acceptability score in broiled breast and leg muscle of male chicken. It is concluded that taurine can be enriched especially in broiler leg meat by 5 % FM diet supplemented with pyridoxine.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.711-720
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate amount of eri silkworm pupae meal (Samia ricini) to add to the broiler diet. Methods: Two hundred 1-day-old male chicks with initial weight at 50.03±0.56 g/chick were divided into four groups (five replicates per group and ten chicks per replicate): a control group fed a corn-soybean diet and experimental groups supplemented with 5%, 10%, or 15% eri silkworm pupae meal. All experimental diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous and formulated respecting nutrient requirements. Growth performances were collected during the experimental period and other parameters were collected at the end of experiment when broilers reached thirty-eight days old. Results: A higher cold carcass weight and skin yellowness in the broilers fed 10% eri silkworm pupae meal compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Therefore, supplementation with 10% eri silkworm pupae meal is suggested for the broiler diet formulation because it did not cause any serious negative consequences on growth performance, health status, carcass characteristics and meat quality. However, the usage of eri silkworm pupae meal at 15% is not recommend because it led to negative outcomes Conclusion: The addition of eri silkworm pupae at 10% can be used as an alternative protein sources for broiler chickens which provided benefits on cold carcass weight and skin yellowness without adverse effects.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.113-131
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementing clay minerals and organic chromium in feed on broiler chicken under heat stress (HS). A total of 90 one-day-old broiler chicken (Arbor Acres) with an initial body weight of 45.0 ± 0.2 g were assigned to five treatment groups (six replications, three birds each cage): 1) NC group, basal diet under room temperature environment; 2) PC group, basal diet under high temperature (HT) environment; 3) ILT group, basal diet + 1% illite + HT; 4) ZLT group, basal diet + 1% zeolite + HT; 5) OC group, basal diet + 400 ppb/kg organic chromium + HT. The ILT and ZLT groups had significantly higher body weight than the PC group in 4 weeks. Apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy was increased in the ILT, ZLT, and OC groups compared to the PC group. The NC group had lower foot-pad dermatitis score than other groups. Escherichia coli population in the cecum and feces was decreased in the ZLT group than in the PC group. Lactobacillus in cecum and feces was significantly increased in the ZLT group than in the PC group. Regarding blood profiles, blood cortisol was decreased in the NC and ILT groups compared to the PC group. Water holding capacity and pH were increased in the ZLT group than the PC group. In conclusion, according to the results of growth performance, nutrients digestibility, bacteria counts, and meat characteristics, supplementation of the ZLT in broiler diet can alleviate HS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2002

A total of 225 day-old broiler chicks (43.08 g initial body weight) were allotted to three dietary treatments for a 6-week feeding trial. The treatments were 1) Control (defatted rice bran; DFRB), 2) fresh rice bran (FRB) and 3) rancid rice bran (RRB). Rice brans were intentionally spoiled by two degrees of rancidity by the values of free fatty acids (FFA): 7.6% (FRB) and 16.3% (RRB). Diets were prepared on an isonutrient basis, and defatted or rancid rice brans were included 5 and 10% for starter (0-3 week) and finisher (3-6 week), respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, six chicks per treatment were sacrificed, and thigh meats were ground and stored at $1^{\circ}C$ for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value (POV) analyses. For a digestibility, 48 growing chicks (4 weeks old) were employed in cages (3 replicates/treatment, 2 birds/cage) according to the experimental design: FRB, RRB, pelleted and extruded rice bran. Some of the FRB were pelleted ($70^{\circ}C$) or extruded ($110^{\circ}C$). There was no significant difference in growth performance during the starter period, but chicks fed a diet containing DFRB grew faster (p<0.05) with increased feed intake (p<0.05) than those fed diets containing rice brans, FRB or RRB, during the finisher period. Feed conversion ratio in the RRB was inferior (p<0.05) to the DFRB. Between rice bran groups, weight gain was higher (pco.os) in FRB than in RRB during finisher period. There was a similar trend in growth performance of chicks for the overall period (0-6 week) as the finisher period. Dry matter and energy digestibilities were higher (p<0.05) in extruded than in RRB group. Protein digestibility was improved (p<0.05) when rice bran was extruded, but not pelleted. The chicken meats from RRB showed higher (p<0.05) TBARS than those from FRB during storage for 4 weeks at $1^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, it would appear that feeding rancid rice bran gave negative effects on growth performance and lipid stability of meat in broiler chicks.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2011

본 시험은 육계 사료에 솔잎 분말을 0, 0.3, 0.6 및 0.9% 급여하여 5주간 사육한 계육의 pH, 총페놀함량, 전자공여능, TBARS, WHC, 전단력, 육색, 관능평가 및 지방산 조성을 조사하였다. 실험구는 솔잎 분말을 첨가 급여하지 않은 처리구를 대조구, 솔잎 분말 0.3% 급여구는 T1, 솔잎 분말 0.6% 급여구는 T2, 그리고 솔잎 분말 0.9% 급여구를 T3 등 4개 처리구로 나누어 사양하였다. 솔잎 분말을 급여한 계육의 pH, TBARS는 솔잎의 급여량이 증가함에 따라 다소 낮아지는 결과(P<0.05)를 보이므로 솔잎 분말의 급여는 지방산화 지연으로 계육의 저장성 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. 총페놀함량과 전자공여능은 대조구보다 솔잎 급여구에서 함량이 증가하였으며, 솔잎 급여량이 증가함에 따라 함량이 다소 증가하였다(P<0.05). 계육의 육색 중 CIE $L^*$값은 대조구보다 솔잎 분말 급여구에서 낮아졌으며(P<0.05), CIE $a^*$값은 솔잎 분말의 급여에 의해 증가되어 솔잎의 급여는 산화를 지연시키는 결과이었다. 지방산 조성 중 oleic acid는 솔잎 급여구에서 증가하였고(P<0.05), USFA/SFA는 증가하는 경향이나 유의성은 없었다. 결론적으로 솔잎 분말을 육계에 급여하면 pH와 TBARS가 낮아지고, 총페놀함량과 전자공여능이 증가되어 계육의 저장성 개선에 유익하게 활용할 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2005

본 실험은 곶감 부산물의 사료적 가치를 구명하기 위하여 첨가수준(0, 1, 3, $5\%$)에 따라 육계의 생산성, 계육의 지방산 조성 및 혈중 콜레스테롤 등에 미치는 영향을 고찰하기 위하여 5주 동안사양 시험하였다. 전기 3주간 사료내 조단백질은 $21.5\%$, ME는 3,100kcal/kg 수준으로 공급하였고, 후기에는 조단백질 $19\%$, ME 3,100kcal/kg 수준으로 급여하였다. 대조구(무첨가구), 곶감 부산물 $1\%$ 첨가구(T1), $3\%$ 첨가구(T2), $5\%$ 첨가구(T3)로 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 10수로 총 160수를 공시하였다. 그 결과 증체량은 전기사료 급여시에 대조구보다 곶감 부산물을 급여한 처리구에서 높은 경향이었으나, 후기 사료 급여시는 대조구와 T1 및 T2에서 T3보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 사료 효율은 처리구간에 유의성이 없었다. 곶감 부산물의 급여 수준에 따른 계육의 일반 성분 중 수분과 조회분은 유의성이 없으며, 조지방은 증가하고 단백질은 감소하는 경향이었다(P<0.05). 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-C, 중성지방은 처리구에서 높았고, LDL-C은 처리구보다 대조구에서 높았다(P<0.05). 계육의 주된 지방산은 oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid 순이었다. 곶감 부산물의 급여량이 증가함에 따라 stearic acid, linoleic acid는 감소하였으나 oleic acid의 함량은 증가하였다(P<0.05). 이러한 실험 결과로 곶감부산물은 육계사료에 $3\%$수준까지 급여하더라도 생산성에 영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 90, 70, and 60 in chicken muscles and their possible relationship with quality traits of meat. Methods: The breast muscles from one hundred broiler chickens were analyzed for drip loss and other quality parameters, and the levels of heat shock protein (HSP) 90, 70, and 60 were determined by immunoblots. Results: Based on the data, chicken breast muscles were segregated into low (drip loss${\leq}5%$), intermediate (5%${\geq}9.5$) drip loss groups. The expression of HSP90 and HSP60 were significantly lower in the high drip loss group compared to that in the low and intermediate drip loss group (p<0.05), while HSP70 was equivalent in abundance in all groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study suggests that higher levels of HSP90 and HSP60 may be advantageous for maintenance of cell function and reduction of water loss, and they could act as potential indicator for better water holding capacity of meat.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.788-801
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• 2021

This study examined biochemical components, fatty acids, antioxidant dipeptides, and muscle fiber density of breast and thigh muscles from Korean new native chicken strains (A and B) at two slaughter ages, compared with white semi-broiler (W) or broilers. The pH values were different by chicken breed. The new native strains had the lowest fat content in the breast at 12 wk (p<0.05). Regardless of the muscles, A and B at 12 wk had higher levels of arachidonic acid (ARA; C20:4), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6), and nervonic acid (C24:1) than broilers (p<0.05). A similar result was observed for the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids ratio (P/S) content in the breast. Irrespective of the muscles, A and B enriched with omega-3 fatty acids had a lower ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio than broilers (p<0.05) at 12 wk. Of the antioxidant di-peptides, the anserine contents were highest in A and B than in the W or broilers (p<0.05), regardless of the muscles and slaughter ages. Furthermore, the breast meat from A and B contained a higher muscle fiber density for both slaughter ages than the W and broilers (p<0.05). Based on these findings, even if the commercial birds (broilers or W) are raised under the similar environmental conditions as A and B, the new native chicken strains have distinct meat quality attributes, particularly higher ARA and DHA levels, lower ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio, and higher anserine contents.