• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.381-386
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• 2005

In order to have compressive strength tests and frost heaving tests, two sorts of soil samples at Chonbuk-Do area were used. According to this research, the compressive strength of soil which was mixed by quick lime, was largely increased until 28 days but after 28 days, the increment of strength was seldom found and its maximum compressive strength increasing rate for content of quick lime was $10{\sim}15%$ scope. In the mixed rates of quick lime and briquette ash, the compressive strength of soil which was mixed by quick lime and briquette ash, was increased by increasing mixed rates of quick lime and its compressive strength was increased by additional quantity. The compressive strength of mixed soil within freezing-thawing 1 cycle was diminished around 30% compared to non-freezing soil's 28 days compressive strength but there were no movements after 2 cycle.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 1984

홍적대지(洪積臺地)에 분포(分布)된 식질답(埴質畓) 토양(土壤)의 물리성(物理性) 및 기계화(機械化) 적성(適性)을 개선(改善)하기 위(爲)하여 세사(細砂)와 연탄(煉炭)재를 객토(客土)하여 2개년간(個年間) 수도(水稻)와 추파대맥(秋播大麥)을 이모작(二毛作) 재배(栽培)하면서 토양(土壤)의 특성(特性) 변화(變化)와 작물생육(作物生育)에 미치는 영향을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같았다. 1. 세묘(細妙)와 연탄(煉炭)재를 객토(客土)하면 수도(水稻)의 수량(收量)은 증가(增加)하지 않았으나 후작(後作) 보리는 세사(細砂)로 점토함량(粘土含量)을 15%로 조절(調節)한 구(區)와 연탄(煉炭)재 처리구(處理區)에서 18~19% 증수(增收)되었다. 2. 무처리구(無處理區)에 비(比)하여 객토구(客土區)의 공극률(孔隙率)과 내수성(耐水性) 입단양(粒團量)이 감소(減少)하였으며 화학적(化學的) 성질(性質)도 모래 객토구(客土區)에서는 약간 나빠지는 경향이었으나 연탄(煉炭)재 처리(處理)에서는 유효규산(有效珪酸) 및 치환침출성 가리함량(加里含量)이 약간 증가(增加)되었다. 3. 기계화(機械化) 적성(適性)이라 볼 수 있는 원추관입저항(圓錐貫入抵抗), 전단저항(剪斷抵抗) 및 소성지수(塑性指數)는 낮아진 반면(反面)에 마찰저항(摩擦抵抗)이 증가(增加)되어 농작업(農作業)에 유리(有利)한 방향(方向)으로 토양성질(土壤性質)이 개선(改善)되었다. 4. 세사(細沙) 및 연탄(煉炭)재 처리구(處理區)에서는 토심(土深) 10~20cm 중(中)의 벼뿌리 분포비율(分布比率)이 증가(增加)되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2010

Possibility of the usage of sludge generated in coal mine drainage treatments as a briquette additive was investigated by the combination of industrial, elemental, and combustion experiments. A series of briquettes having 2% and 6% of sludge were used for the experiments. Compared to the control sample, our results show that all experimental values for the briquettes are very similar. In particular, it is worthy to note that there is no obvious difference in calorific values for the briquettes containing 2% or 6% of sludge. The calorific values are 4,250~4,360 kcal/kg, 4,240~4,250 kcal/kg, 4,180~4,210 kcal/kg, and 4,270~4,360 kcal/kg for the control sample, briquette containing 6% of Hambaek sludge, briquette containing 6% of Hamtae sludge, and briquette containing 2% of Hambaek sludge, respectively. Results of ash fusion temperature show that the temperature is greater than $1,550^{\circ}C$ for the control sample. However, the temperature for the briquettes with 6% of Hambaek sludge and 2% of Hambaek or Hamtae sludge is $1,510^{\circ}C$. For a briquette containing 6% of Hamtae sludge, the temperature of ash fusion is $1,530^{\circ}C$. After combustion, environmental impacts of the briquettes with sludge were tested. Little environmental influence was observed for the combusted briquettes with sludge.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.214-224
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• 1976

양생온도(養生溫度)가 혼화재(混和材)를 사용(使用)한 모르터의 강도(强度)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)키 위해서 양생온도(養生溫度)를 $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$로 하여 모르터의 압축(壓縮), 인장(引張), 곡강도시험(曲强度試驗)을 실시(實施)하였고 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 양생온도(養生溫度) $1^{\circ}C$ 상승(上昇)에 대(對)한 강도증가(强度增加)는 기준강도(基準强度)에 대(對)하여 연탄재첨가시(添加時) 압축강도(壓縮强度)에서 1.58%, 인장강도(引張强度)에서 0.96%, 곡강도(曲强度)에서 1.26% 증가(增加)했다. 동일(同一)한 경우 플라이애쉬 첨가시(添加時) 압축강도(壓縮强度)에서 1.3%, 인장강도(引張强度)에서 0.99%, 곡강도(曲强度)에서 1.18%의 증가(增加)를 나타냈다. 압축강도(壓縮强度)는 플라이애쉬 첨가량(添加量) 25%에서 인장강도(引張强度)는 20%, 곡강도(曲强度)도 20%에서 최대치(最大値)를 나타냈다. 연탄재를 혼합(混合)한 경우 압축강도(壓縮强度)에서 20% 인장강도(引張强度)에서 15~20%, 곡강도(曲强度)에서 20% 첨가(添加)할 때 최대치(最大値)를 나타냈다. 연탄재 첨가(添加)의 경우가 플라이애쉬 첨가(添加)의 경우 보다 저강도(低强度)이나 양생온도(養生溫度)의 조절(調節)로 소요(所要)의 강도(强度)를 얻을수 있기 때문에 혼화재(混和材)로서 개발(開發)할 여지(餘地)가 충분(充分)히 있는 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 임산에너지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.28-33
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• 1981

To survey the present qualities of the molded and to present the base line of qualities in manufacture, the charcoal collected at 27 makers through the nation were examined. The molded charcoal examined in this paper, which is made by carbonization and molding of sawdusts from wood industries, is widely used to kindle holed-coal-briquette. The holed-coal-briquette is utilized in cooking and heating as primary energy source of ordinary households in this country. The average qualities of molded charcoal was as follows; ash content 13.95$\%$, weight 184.6g, density 0.47, time of kindling holed-coal-briquette 65.4 min., calorie 5,790 kcal/kg. The ten makers produced inferior qualities, that was 37 per cent of the 27 makers examined. The base line of qualities of molded charcoal was defined as follows; ash content below 17$\%$, weight above 175 g, falling strength above 300 mm, calorie above 5,500 kcal/kg.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.207-221
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• 2023

The increasing demand for clean energy requires considerable effort to find alternative energy sources, such as briquettes. This research aims to develop a charcoal briquette with added pine resin (API) that has excellent combustion speed and distinctive aroma. Briquettes are composed of charcoal, pine resin (concentration: 0%-30%), and starch (up to 7%). They are produced in several stages, including coconut shell pyrolysis in conventional combustion, to obtain charcoal for the briquette precursor. Briquette compaction is conducted by mixing and densifying the charcoal, pine resin, and starch using a hydraulic press for 3 min. The hydraulic press has a total surface area and diameter of 57.7 cm² and 3.5 cm, respectively. The briquettes are dried at different temperatures, reaching 70℃ for 24 h. The study results show that the briquettes have a thickness and diameter of up to 2 and 3.5 cm, respectively; moisture of 2.18%-2.62%; ash of 11.61%-13.98%; volatile matter of 27.15%-51.74%; and fixed carbon content of 40.24%-59.46%. The compressive strength of the briquettes is 186-540 kg/cm². Their calorific value is 5,338-6,120 kcal/kg, combusting at a high speed of 0.15-0.40 s. The methoxy naphthalene, phenol, benzopyrrole, and lauryl alcohol; ocimene, valencene, and cembrene are found in the API. The API briquette has several chemical compounds, such as musk ambrette, ocimene, sabinene, limonene, 1-(p-cumenyl) adamantane, butane, and propanal, which improve aroma, drug application, and fuel production. Accordingly, API briquettes have considerable potential as an alternative energy source and a health improvement product.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2008

In China, energy and environmental problems are becoming serious owing to rapid economic development. Coal is the most problematic energy source because it causes indoor and outdoor air pollution, acid rain, and global warming. One type of clean coal technology that has been developed is the coal-biomass briquette (or bio-briquette, BB) technique. BBs, which are produced from pulverized coal, biomass (typically, agricultural waste), and a sulfur fixation agent (slaked lime, $Ca(OH)_2$) under high pressure without any binder, have a high sulfur-fixation effect. In addition, BB combustion ash, that is, the waste material, can be used as a neutralization agent for acidic soil because of its high alkalinity, which originates from the added slaked lime. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of alternative biomass sources, namely, aquatic plants, as a BB constituent from the perspective of their use as a source of energy. We selected three types of aquatic plants for use in BB preparation and compared the fuel, handling, and environmental characteristics of the new BBs with those of conventional BBs. Our results showed that air-dried aquatic plants had a higher calorific value, which was in proportion to their carbon content, than agricultural waste biomass; the compressive strength of the new BBs, which depends on the lignin content of the biomass, was high enough to bear long-range intracontinental transport in China; and the new BBs had the same emission control capacity as the conventional BBs.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2014

화력발전소 석탄재는 2010년을 기준으로 약 850만톤, 연탄재는 약 74만톤 배출된다. 이는 대량 재활용되지 않아 경제적, 환경적으로 부담이 되고 있는 실정이므로, 석탄 연소부산물의 자원화기술개발이 시급하다. 석탄 연소부산물을 균질하게 가공하는 분쇄 및 선별 등의 자원처리기술을 적용하고, 석탄 연소부산물의 품질을 관리하여, 비소성 그린시멘트인 지오폴리머의 원료로 재활용하고자 본 연구에서는 석탄 연소부산물의 지오폴리머 원료화 기술에 대한 특허와 논문을 분석하였다. 분석범위는 1979년 ~ 2013년까지의 미국, 유럽연합, 일본, 한국의 등록/공개된 특허와 SCI 논문으로 제한하였다. 특허와 논문은 키워드를 사용하여 수집하였으며, 기술의 정의에 의해 필터링하였다. 특허와 논문의 동향은 연도, 국가, 기업, 기술 등에 따라 분석하여 고찰하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.181-195
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• 2020

본 연구는 평로탄화로 이용한 성형목탄 제조과정에서 얻은 탄화된 바이오매스의 특성을 분석하였으며, 기계적 전처리 및 평로탄화로 내 위치에 따른 특성 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 성형목탄 제조업체에서 채취된 바이오매스 1종과 탄화 바이오매스 5종의 시료를 대상으로 선별(screening) 및 분쇄(grinding)를 통해 분석시료의 입자크기 범위별로 분류한 후, 고정탄소, 회분, 휘발성 화합물, 원소 함량, 발열량을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 평로탄화로의 위치에 따라서는 중간층의 탄화 바이오매스 발열량이 20.4 MJ/kg으로 가장 높은 연료적 특성을 나타내었다. 선별 입자 크기에 따라서는 100 mesh 이하의 탄화 바이오매스에서 회분함량이 가장 낮았고 발열량, 탄소 함량, 고정탄소 함량은 높았다. 상관관계 분석 결과 회분 함량은 발열량, 휘발성화합물, 고정탄소, 탄소 함량과 모두 음의 상관관계를 나타내어 회분 함량이 연료적 특성에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2003년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.215-218
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• 2003

In order to study the frost heaving characteristics of soil stabilitized with a quick lime, a cement and a briquette ash, frost heaving tests were performed with 2 kinds of soil sampled at Chonbuk-Do area. Frost heaving of no-stabilizing soil compacted with water content greater than optimum water content was increased as the frost period was increased but in case of samples with water content smaller than optimum water content, the frost period gave no affect about increase and decrease of the frost heaving. Both frost heaving of stabilizing and no-stabilizing soil with water content greater than optimum water content was decreased with the increase of the repetition number of freezing and thawing. There was no increase or decrease of frost heaving in the frost heaving test after 5 times of freezing and thawing.