• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.824-832
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• 2015

Heart sounds are the main obstacle in lung sound analysis. To tackle this obstacle, we propose a diagnosis algorithm that uses singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and frequency features of heart and lung sounds. In particular, we introduce a frequency coefficient that shows the frequency difference between heart and lung sounds. The proposed algorithm is applied to a synthetic mixture of heart and lung sounds. The results show that heart sounds can be extracted successfully and localizations for the first and second heart sounds are remarkably performed. An error analysis of the localization results shows that the proposed algorithm has fewer errors compared to the SSA method, which is one of the most powerful methods in the localization of heart sounds. The presented algorithm is also applied in the cases of recorded respiratory sounds from the chest walls of five healthy subjects. The efficiency of the algorithm in extracting heart sounds from the recorded breathing sounds is verified with power spectral density evaluations and listening. Most studies have used only normal respiratory sounds, whereas we additionally use abnormal breathing sounds to validate the strength of our achievements.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제19권2호통권33호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2006

From the study on the relation of voice and O-jang(五臟廳), the conclusion is as follows. The function of breathing out in larynx is involved with lung and kidney. Lung press out the air, at the same time, kidney supports that to maintenance the density of air constantly. So the person who has short breathing can not make strong voice, and also if having a weak kidney in upper Cho[下蕉], their voice will be changed so very softly to cannot make hard type of voice and lingering sounds. Opening and Closing of vocal cords are controled by liver and spleen. when vocal cords are contracted, liver makes tension, whereas spleen does in slackness. So liver is likely to make high-piched sounds in tension of vocal cords, and spleen is the same to do smoothy and husky sounds through relaxing the vocal cords. In the rising condition of liver function, the temp of speech become fast, and more the pronunciation is clearer, it means that the function of thinking by spleen is operated well. Otherwise, indistinct pronunciation means that in the body seup-sa(濕邪) spreads. Also depression of emotion in speech often makes Gi(氣) of heart weaker, whereas it means regular condition of heart including Simpo(心包) that expression of emotion looks happy.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1251-1256
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• 2022

Auscultation of heart sounds using a stethoscope is the basic method to diagnose the cardiovascular disease and observation of abnormalities. However, the heart sound transmitted to the ear through the stethoscope is greatly affected by internal sounds such as organ movement or breathing. In addition, the user's experience significantly influences the accuracy of the auscultation result. Therefore, in this paper, we developed a wearable device that simultaneously measures heart sound and PPG signals for cardiac condition monitoring. The structure of the proposed device is designed to simultaneously measure heart sound and PPG signals when worn on a finger and placed on the chest. A prototype was implemented according to the design structure, and it was confirmed that the performance of measurements and collection for physiological signals was excellent through experiments.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2022

Cerebral palsy is one of the most serious forms of disorders of the psychophysical development of children, which manifests itself in disturbances of motor functions, which are often combined with speech disorders, other complications of the formation of higher mental functions, and often with a decrease in intelligence. The article will discuss the speech disorder in children with cerebral palsy. Emphasis is placed on some important aspects, which should bear in mind, investigating the problem of specifics of speech development of children with cerebral palsy. In particular at the heart of speech disorders in the cerebral palsy is not only damage to certain structures of the brain, but also the later formation or underdevelopment of those parts of the cerebral cortex, which are of major importance in linguistic and mental activity. This is an ontogenetically young region of the cerebral cortex, which is most rapidly developing after birth (premotor, frontal, temmono-temporal). It is important to take into account, that children with cerebral palsy have disturbances of phonemic perception. Often, children do not distinguish between hearing sounds, cannot repeat component rows, allocate sounds in words. At dysarthria, there are violations of pronunciation of vowel and consonant sounds, tempo of speech, modulation of voice, breathing, phonation, as well as asynchronous breathing, alignment and articulation. As a result, we identified the main features and specifics of the speech development of children with cerebral palsy and described the conditions necessary for the full development of language. Language disturbances in children's cerebral palsy depend on the localization and severity of brain damage. Great importance in the mechanism of speech disorders has a pathology that limits the ability of movement and knowledge of the world.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2019

호흡은 환자의 상태를 판단하는 중요한 생체 신호 중 하나이다. 특히 진정 마취 시 환자의 무호흡 및 저호흡은 지속적인 모니터링 없이는 탐지하기가 어렵기 때문에 환자의 호흡 상태를 정확하고 간편하게 판단할 수 있는 지속적인 호흡 모니터링 방법이 필요하다. 현재 호흡 상태의 모니터링을 위한 다양한 장치들이 사용되고 있으나 임상 사용단계에서 응답 시간이 느릴 뿐 아니라 사용에 불편한 단점을 안고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) 필름을 이용한 부착형 센서와 회로를 설계하고 제작하였으며, 진정 마취 시 호흡 신호를 감지하여 이상 호흡 징후를 조기에 발견할 수 있는 알고리즘을 포함하는 모니터링 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 진정 마취 시 뿐만 아니라 수면 관련 호흡 상태의 원격진료를 통한 다양한 의료산업 분야에 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 음성과학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2001

The primary sound produced by the vibration of vocal folds reaches the velopharyngeal isthmus and is directed both nasally and orally. The proportions of the each component is determined by the anatomical and functional status of the soft palate. The oral sounds composed of oral vowels and consonants according to the status of vocal tract, tongue, palate and lips. The nasal sounds composed of nasal consonants and nasal vowels, and further modified according to the status of the nasal airway, so anatomical abnormalities in the nasal cavity will influence nasal sound. The measurement of nasal sounds of speech has relied on the subjective scoring by listeners. The nasal sounds are described with nasality and nasalization. Generally, nasality has been assessed perceptually in the effect of maxillofacial procedures for cleft palate, sleep apnea, snoring and nasal disorders. The nasalization is considered as an acoustic phenomenon. Snoring and sleep apnea is a typical disorders due to abundant velopharynx. The sleep apnea has been known as a cessation of breathing for at least 10 seconds during sleep. Several medical and surgical methods for treating sleep apnea have been attempted. The uvulopalatopharyngoplasty(UPPP) involves removal of 1.0 to 3.0 cm of soft palate tissue with removal of redundant oropharyngeal mucosa and lateral tissue from the anterior and sometimes posterior faucial pillars. This procedure results in a shortened soft palate and a possible risk following this surgery may be velopharyngeal malfunctioning due to the shortened palate. Few researchers have systematically studied the effects of this surgery as it relates to speech production. Some changes in the voice quality such as resonance (nasality), articulation, and phonation have been reported. In view of the conflicting reports discussed, there remains some uncertainty about the speech status in patients following the snoring and sleep apnea surgery. The study was conducted in two phases: 1) acoustic analysis of oral and nasal sounds, and 2) evaluation of nasality.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2023

수면 무호흡증은 고혈압, 뇌졸중, 심근경색, 우울증 및 인지기능 장애 등 다양한 2차 질환을 일으키며 심혈관 및 뇌혈관 질환의 발생 원인이 되기에 수면 무호흡의 조기 발견 및 지속적인 관리가 절실히 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 수면 중 호흡을 모니터링하기 위해 목의 기관 부위에서 호흡에 의한 미세한 진동을 검출할 수 있는 PVDF 필름 진동 센서를 이용하여 정상호흡과 수면 무호흡을 판단하는 웨어러블 디바이스를 개발하였다. 검출된 호흡음 데이터를 기반으로 호흡수, 무호흡 등의 변수들을 추출하였고 잡음 제거 알고리즘을 수립하여 잡음 신호가 있을 시에도 영향을 최소화하는 방법을 적용하였다. 또한 변동 문턱치 알고리즘을 수립하여 불규칙적인 호흡 패턴에서도 분석이 가능함을 확인하였다. 그 결과 분당 호흡수의 정확도는 98.7%이고 무호흡 횟수와 무호흡 지속 시간에 대한 개발기기와 수면다원검사의 결과를 비교한 결과 무호흡 횟수 측정 정확도는 92.6%, 무호흡 지속 시간의 정확도는 94.0%임을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 일상생활 중 가정에서 간편하고 정확하게 수면 정보를 모니터링하고 치료 경과를 확인할 수 있는 웨어러블 디바이스의 제품화로 이어져 수면장애의 관리에 큰 도움이 될 것이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.378-385
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• 2003

연구배경 : 천명음을 문자로 묘사한다면 왜곡된 의미로 일반인에게 이해될 수 있어서 이들에게 천명음 존재 여부를 조사할 때 응답의 정확성에 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각된다. 방 법 : 2002년 12월부터 2003년 3월까지 한림대학교 성심병원 호흡기내과를 방문한 일반인 60명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였다. 대상자들에게 천명음을 묘사하기 위하기 위하여 흔히 사용하는 표현인 "쌕쌕하는 소리", "피리 소리", "휘파람 부는 듯한 소리"를 생각해 보도록 한 다음, 4가지 서로 다른 호흡음을 들려주고 천명음과 가장 유사한 소리를 고르도록 하였다. 또한 3주 이상 지속된 만성기침을 주소로 같은 기간 동안 방문한 환자 중에서 천명음이 있다고 대답한 45명을 대상으로 실제 천명음을 들려주고, 그들이 경험하였다는 천명음이 이와 같거나 유사한 소리인지 답하는 비율을 구하였다. 결 과 : 1) 60명의 천명음을 경험하지 못한 설문 대상자 중에서 천명음 음향 파일을 정확히 맞히는 정답율은 46.7%에 불과했다. 2) 45명의 천명음을 경험하였다는 만성 기침 환자 중에서 실제 천명음을 듣고 그들이 주장하였던 것과 유사한 소리라고 인정하는 비율은 77.8%이었다. 22.2%는 실제 천명음을 듣고 그들이 처음 호소했던 천명음을 부인하였다. 결 론 : 일반인에게 천명음을 문자로 설명하는 경우 자연음 묘사의 한계와 일반인의 이해 부족 때문에 천명음의 존재를 정확히 알아낼 수 없다. 이런 오류를 극복하기 위해서는 시청각 자료를 이용하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 생각된다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권10호
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• pp.1444-1450
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• 2013

Esophageal stethoscope is used for monitoring the heart sounds and breath sounds of patients during surgery under a general anesthesia. Recently, an electronic esophageal stethoscope (EES)[1] has been developed for the purpose of real-time monitoring these information visually. This system uses only a microphone as the sound sensor. A drawback of the EES system is that it may be difficult to distinguish the first sound ($S_1$) and the second sound ($S_2$) of heart, because their periods are irregular depending on patients. In this paper, we propose an improved EES system in which the infrasound is measured by adding a pressure sensor as well as a sound sensor. We investigate some correlations between the infrasound and characteristics of the heart sound. The proposed system has been tested on 15 patients. The results show that the new system is capable of detecting the first sound more reliably and easily determining the heart rate and breathing period.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.92-95
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• 2018

Catathrenia가 환자에게 어떠한 신체적 문제를 유발하며 장기간 지속되는 경우에는 어떠한 합병증을 유발하는지, 자연 경과는 어떻게 되는지 등 예후 관련해서도 아직까지 구체적으로 확인된 바는 없다. 이와 같은 많은 의학적 궁금증들이 해소되기 위해서는 매우 드문 질환이긴 하지만 향후 지속적인 문헌 수집을 통한 질환 분석과 함께 전향적 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.