• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2017

Purpose: Breathing can be controlled either unconsciously or consciously. In Asian countries, various conscious breathing-control techniques have been practiced for many years to promote health and wellbeing. However, the exact mechanism underlying these techniques has not yet been established. The purpose of this study is to explore the physiological mechanism explaining how conscious breathing control could affect the autonomic nervous system, brain activity, and mental changes. Methods: The coupling phenomenon among breathing rhythm, heart rate variability, and brain waves was explored theoretically based on the research hypothesis and a review of the literature. Results: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is a well-known phenomenon in which heart rate changes to become synchronized with breathing: inhalation increases heart rate and exhalation decreases it. HRV BFB training depends on conscious breathing control. During coherent sinusoidal heart rate changes, brain ${\alpha}$ waves could be enhanced. An increase in ${\alpha}$ waves was also found and the synchronicity between heart beat rhythm and brain wave became strengthened during meditation. Conclusion: In addition to the effect of emotion on breathing patterns, conscious breathing could change heart beat rhythms and brainwaves, and subsequently affect emotional status.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1304-1313
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• 1999

Breathing is essential for life and at the same time takes a role as a antidote for stress. In the Orient, it was recognized early that respiration, mind, and body have a relation that is inseparable and therefore proper breathing is so important. However, since the mechanism of therapeutic effect by breathing have not been verified, the treatment has been continued till recent years. From that which originated in the Orient, several techniques in the west have been developed to regulate breathing, and have been applying to the clinical situation and to studies, however scientific studies are still lacking. Recently, relaxed breathing has been used as an efficient strategy for breathing therapy as it has an effect on reducing physiological tension and arousal, and, therefore can be used as a basic technique to control or manage stress. In this study, in order to provide basic information and guidelines for clinical application, which will aid in the application of the theoretical basics of breathing therapy and its technique, a review of the literative was conducted. The findings are as follows: 1. Since proper breathing not only has, physically, the important function in supplying oxygen to the body but also gives a good emotional, or pleasant state of mind, it is the first step in controlling physical and mental health. 2. The basic types of breathing can be classified into two types; ‘diaphragmatic breathing(relaxed breathing)’ and ‘chest breathing(stress breathing)’. In yoga type breathing, there are four kinds of breathing, ‘upper breathing’, ‘mid breathing’, ‘down breathing’, and ‘complete breathing’. 3. The theoretical explanation of the positive thera peutic effect of breathing therapy techniques exemplifies good brain function, sufficient air flow through the nasal passages, diaphragmatic movement, light vagal stimulation, CO2 changes and cognitive diversion but in most studies, the hypothesis of CO2 is supported. 4. The technique of breathing is designated with many names according to the muscles and techniques used for breathing, and for control of stress, diaphragmatic breathing(relaxed breathing) is explained as a basic technique best used to manage of stress. 5. The relaxed-breathing includes slow diaphragmatic breathing, breath meditation, nasal breathing, yogic abdominal breathing, Benson's relaxed response, and quiet response.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2003

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), including snoring, sleep apnea and upper airway resistance syndrome are common problems in children. The pathophysiological mechanism of SDB in children is unclear but may include hypoxemia and changes in sleep architecture. Children with SDB show reduced neurocognitive function, and memory and attentional capacity. Furthermore, these children show increased problematic behaviour and reduced school performance. Whether early recognition and treatment of SDB in children may improve neurocognitive function and school performance remains to be fully evaluated in the future.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2005

Nasal obstruction may cause or aggravate sleep disordered breathing but exact pathogenesis is not clear. The possible mechanism could be combination of alteration in upper airway aerodynaimcs, loss of nasal reflex or sensation, effect of mouth opening, and a genetic predisposition. Anatomical narrowing of nasal airway cause more rapid airflow and induce more negative inspiratory air pressure. So, it increases collapsibility of pharyngeal airway. Loss of nasal sensation to airflow block nasal reflex. Mouth opening decreases the activity of pharyngeal airway dilator muscles and narrowing the pharyngeal airway may occur. The treatment of nasal obstruction should be done according to the cause. The causes of nasal obstruction are various from problems of external nasal opening to nasopharynx. Relief of nasal obstruction may not cure sleep disordered breathing always. In some mild obstructive sleep apnea patients, treatment of nasal obstruction only may cure sleep disordered breathing. In some severe sleep apnea patients, treatment of nasal obstruction may increase compliance of continous nasal positive airway pressure.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1104-1111
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• 2017

본 연구는 호흡마사지법으로 생체에너지(기) 순환을 고찰하고자 하였다. 수 천 년 전부터 자연과의 조화를 통해 깨달음을 얻은 선조들은 자연호흡법으로 기에너지의 생성과 승강운동조절을 통하여 무병장수 하였으며, 춥고 배고픈 시절에 복부의 소중함을 체험한 할머니는 부드러운 약손으로 생명의 바다인 복부를 통해 질병을 치유해 주셨다. 이처럼 자연호흡과 할머니의 부드러운 약손의 감성인식 및 동양의학의 핵심내용인 기일원론(氣一元論)의 바탕으로 배꼽호흡테라피가 형성되었다. 자연호흡과 약손 마사지로 기에너지의 생성과 승강운동을 통하여 복부를 다스려 자연계와 인체내 외의 동태적 평형상태를 유지시킴으로써 몸과 마음의 변화를 가져와 자연스럽게 질병을 치유하여 신체의 항상성을 유지시켜주는 자연치유법이라 할 수 있다. 배꼽호흡테라피를 적극 활용될 수 있는 실무 확산의 계기를 마련하고, 이를 통해 과학적인 임상연구 실무적용에 널리 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.459-469
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• 2020

The presence of cracks in mechanical components is a very important problem that, if it is not detected on time, can lead to high economic costs and serious personal injuries. This work presents a methodology focused on identifying cracks in unbalanced rotors, which are some of the most frequent mechanical elements in industry. The proposed method is based on Artificial Neural Networks that give a solution to the presented inverse problem. They allow to estimate unknown crack parameters, specifically, the crack depth and the eccentricity angle, depending on the dynamic behavior of the rotor. The necessary data to train the developed Artificial Neural Network have been obtained from the frequency spectrum of the displacements of the well- known cracked Jeffcott rotor model, which takes into account the crack breathing mechanism during a shaft rotation. The proposed method is applicable to any rotating machine and it could contribute to establish adequate maintenance plans.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2017

Background: Research efforts to improve the pulmonary function of people with limited chest function have focused on the diaphragmatic ability to control breathing pattern. Real-time ultrasonography is appropriate to demonstrate diaphragmatic mechanism during breathing. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing training using real-time ultrasonographic imaging (RUSI) on the chest function of young females with limited chest mobility. Methods: Twenty-six subjects with limited chest mobility were randomly allocated to the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG) depending on the use of RUSI during diaphragmatic breathing training, with 13 subjects in each group. For both groups, diaphragmatic breathing training was performed for 30-min, including three 10-min sets with a 1-min rest interval. An extra option for the EG was the use of the RUSI during the training. Outcome measures comprised the diaphragmatic excursion range during quiet and deep breathing, pulmonary function (forced vital capacity; FVC, forced expiratory volume in 1-sec; FEV1, tidal volume; TV, and maximal voluntary ventilation; MVV), and chest circumferences at upper, middle, and lower levels. Results: The between-group comparison revealed that the diaphragmatic excursion range during deep breathing, FVC, and middle and lower chest circumferences were greater at post-test and that the changes between the pretest and post-test values were greater in the EG than in the CG (p<.05). In addition, the subjects in the EG showed increased post-test values for all the variables compared with the pretest values, except for TV and MVV (p<.05). In contrast, the subjects in the CG showed significant improvements for the diaphragmatic excursion range during quiet and deep breathings, FVC, FEV1, and middle and lower chest circumferences after the intervention (p<.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that using RUSI during diaphragmatic breathing training might be more beneficial for people with limited chest mobility than when diaphragmatic breathing training is used alone.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1295-1303
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of abdominal breathing training using biofeedback on stress, immune response, and quality of life. Method: The study design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental design. Twenty-five breast cancer patients who had completed adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. The experimental group(n=12) was provided with abdominal breathing training using biofeedback once a week for 4 weeks. State anxiety, cancer physical symptoms, serum cortisol, T cell subsets(T3, T4, T8), NK cell and quality of life were measured both before and after the intervention. Result: Though state anxiety, cancer physical symptoms, and serum cortisol were reduced after 4 weeks of abdominal breathing training using biofeedback, there was no statistical significance. It showed, however, improvement in quality of life (p=.02), and T3(p=.04). Conclusion: Abdominal breathing training using biofeedback improves quality of life in breast cancer patients after a mastectomy. However, the mechanism of this beneficial effect and stress response requires further investigation with special consideration in subject selection and frequency of measurement. Nurses should consider this strategy as a standard nursing intervention for people living with cancer.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 호흡의 치유적 기제가 현대인의 심신의 긴장과 스트레스를 완화시키고 삶의 질 향상을 기대할 수 있는 건강지향적 여가로서의 의미와 가치를 문헌고찰해 보고자하였다. 이을 통해 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 오늘날 여가는 다양한 분야에서 양적 증가를 나타내고 있는데 현대인들의 건강한 삶의 가치에 대한 높은 관심은 건강지향적 여가활동의 기회제공을 확대하고 건강관리 실천의 실효성을 뒷받침하게 될 것이다. 둘째, 개인이 힐링의 치유 과정을 거쳐 삶에 올바른 가치관을 확립해 나간다면 사회적 관계에서 요구되는 '전인적 힐링' 패러다임의 방향을 구체적으로 실현해 나아갈 수 있을 것이다. 셋째, '힐링(Healing) 호흡'의 인지적 호흡 활동의 유도는 몸과 마음의 치유적 효과를 더욱 높이고자 하는 건강 증진의 목적을 둔 여가활동이라 할 수 있다. 이상의 결과로 힐링(Healing) 호흡법을 통한 현대인들의 건강지향적 여가활동의 실천은 인간 생명의 본질적 가치를 높이고 전인적(全人的) 사회화의 의미를 구현할 수 있는 역할을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2005

The pathogenesis and mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been under investigation for over 25 years, but its etiology and mechanism remains elusive. Skeletal (maxillary and/or mandibular hypoplasia or retrodisplacement, inferior displacement of hyoid) and soft tissue (increased volume of soft tissue, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, macroglossia, thickened lateral pharyngeal walls) factors, pharyngeal compliance (increased), pharyngeal muscle factors (impaired strength and endurance of pharyngeal dilators and fixators), sensory factors (impaired mechanoreceptor sensitivity, impaired pharyngeal dilator reflexes), respiratory control system factors (unstable respiratory control) and so on facilitate collapse upper airway. Therefore, OSA may be a heterogeneous disorder, rather than a single disease entity and various pathogenic factors contribute to the OSA varies person to person. As a result, patients may respond to different therapeutic approaches based on the predominant abnormality leading to the sleep-disordered breathing.