• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether changes in electromyography (EMG) activations of spinal stability muscles with respiratory demand change were due to changes in respiratory demand or in postural demand. Methods: Forty healthy subjects (19male, 21female, $20.8{\pm}1.9$years old) performed quiet breathing and four different forced respiratory maneuvers (FRM) (Pulsed Lip Breathing, Diaphragmatic Breathing, Combination breathing, and respiratory muscle endurance training breathing) while in sitting and standing positions. EMG data for four muscles (TrA/IO, EO, RA, and ES) were collected and filtered using a band pass filter (20~200Hz) and a notch filter (60, 120, 180Hz). Results: There were no significant differences on percentage of change on %MVIC between QB and FRM (PLB, CB, DB, and RMET) between positions (all p>0.05).

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.44-46
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• 2008

Air-breathing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are highly promising particularly for small-power applications up to tens watts class. A distinctive feature of the air-breathing PEMFC is its simple system configuration in which axial fans operate for dual purposes, supplying both oxidant and coolant in a single manner. In the present study, a nominal 80W air-breathing PEMFC system is developed and investigated to determine the optimal operating strategy through parametric studies (i.e., reactant humidity, and fanblowing flow rate). The cell voltage distributions are examined as a function of time to evaluate the system performance under various operating conditions.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2002

Indoor air environment is one of the most important factors that affect resident's health and comfort level. In this paper, the influence of ventilation efficiency with different types of furniture arrangement at breathing zone in a room was analyzed by numerical simulation based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD). The furniture layout of students' bedroom have been classified by three different patterns so that SVE3(scale for ventilation efficiency3) in the rooms was analyzed for air flow distribution. According to the results of the study, SVE3 has the maximum value in spaces between furnitures and each comer of the room. The furniture arrangement influences the ventilation efficiency. It was con finned that ventilation effective in a room is not uniformly distributed as compared the breathing zone with all the area in a room. It means that a study of ventilation efficiency was considered relatively with target zone(a residential or breathing zone) and all the area in a space.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determine the changes in pain and breathing function when kinesio taping is applied to patients with myofacial trigger points on sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. Methods: The subjects were 25 males and females aged 20 to 30 years (male 10, female 15). They were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group to be applied with kinesio taping. Kinesio taping was applied to SCM muscle three times per week for two weeks. Pain triggered when the taut band or nodule was palpated was measured. Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). The breathing function was measured using forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC ratio. In all subjects, VAS, breathing function was measured before and after intervention. Results: In the experimental group, pain in the SCM was relieved as VAS showed a significant decrease and FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio showed a significant increase. Comparison between the groups, showed significant differences in VAS and the FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio. Conclusion: These results suggest that myofascial pain on SCM muscle is thought a factor that affects the breathing function.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2017

The present study proposes a system that can detect sleep-disordered breathing automatically using an air mattress and oxygen saturation. A thin air mattress was fabricated to reduce discomfort during sleep, and respiration signals were acquired. The system was configured to be synchronized with a polysomnography to receive signals simultaneously with other bio-signals. The present study has been conducted with nine adult male and female patients with sleep-disordered breathing, and sleep-disordered breathing events have been detected by applying the signals acquired from the subjects to the rule-based detection algorithm. The sensitivity and positive predictive values were found to evaluate the performance of the system, which are 91.4% and 89.7% for all events, respectively. The comparison of apnea hypopnea index(AHI) between the polysomnography and the proposed method showed squared R-value of 0.9. This study presents the possibility of detecting sleep-disordered breathing at hospitals or homes using the proposed system.

• 센서학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2005

Using stretch sensors, a stuttering treatment training device that improve the abnormal breathing of stutterer was designed and developed. To improve stutterer's inadequate breathing method that is one of principal reason of stammering, the device estimates breathing method by checking the changes of the stretch sensor's resistances those are put on the chest and abdomen of user. And a vocal exercise program that carry out exercises only when the user maintains the abdominal breathing was designed. Using a PIC16C711 device that includes an A/D convertor, a main controller was designed and the vocal exercises software was developed using Director and C program with graphic user interface for user convenience. The controller sends the resistance data of sensors to PC through the serial port and the software verifies the breathing method. And the device was designed that the RTS (request to send) pin of serial port in PC is used as a power source so that it can work without any battery or other power source. Three stutterers have carried out the clinical experiments using the implemented device for two months and the results showed it was excellent to alleviate the stuttering.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2006

Nasotracheal intubation is performed routinely in maxillofacial surgery to optimize visualization of the surgical field. The CaldwellLuc operation is an approach to the maxillary sinus through the labiogingival sulcus and canine fossa. The operation is used to treat chronic maxillary sinusitis, and involves curettage of the mucosa of the maxillary sinus and the creation of an inferior meatal antrostomy. After the operation, a nasal Foley catheter is inserted into the inferior nasal meatus for the discharge of blood and tissue fluid. Then, the nostril is packed with vaseline gauze. Before the patients awaken, they experience impaired switching from nasal to oral breathing. Pulmonary edema can result from excessive negative intrathoracic pressure caused by acute airway obstruction in patients breathing spontaneously. During anesthesia and sedation, airway obstruction can occur at the levels of the pharynx and larynx. Even in patients who are awake, alteration in the ability to change the breathing route from nasal to oral may affect breathing in the presence of an airway obstruction, causing this catastrophic event. We experienced a case in which acute pulmonary edema resulted from acute airway obstruction triggered by the patient's inability to switch the breathing route from nasal to oral during emergence from anesthesia.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2004

Sleep is associated with definite changes in respiratory function in normal human beings. During sleep, there is loss of voluntary control of breathing and a decrease in the usual ventilatory response to both low oxygen and high carbon dioxide levels. Especially, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a distinct neurophysiological state associated with significant changes in breathing pattern and ventilatory control as compared with both wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. REM sleep is characterized by erratic, shallow breathing with irregularities both in amplitude and frequency owing to marked reduction in intercostal and upper airway muscle activity. These blunted ventilatory responses during sleep are clinically important. They permit marked hypoxemia that occurs during REM sleep in patients with lung or chest wall disease. In addition, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is more frequent and longer and hypoventilation is more pronounced during REM sleep. Although apneic episodes are most frequent and severe during REM sleep, most adults spend less than 20 to 25% of total sleep time in REM sleep. It is, therefore, possible for patients to have frequent apneas and hypopneas during REM sleep and still have a normal apnea-hypopnea index if the event-rich REM periods are diluted by event-poor periods of NREM sleep. In this review, we address respiratory physiology according to sleep stage, and the clinical implications of SDB and hypoventilation aggravated during REM sleep.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1981-1991
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• 2020

Background: Although various exercises have been performed for patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), the effects of these exercises including joint mobilization, gym ball exercises, and breathing exercises on flexion relaxation ratio (FRR) have not been compared. Objective: To compare the effects of joint mobilization, gym ball exercises, and breathing exercises on the flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) and pain in patients with chronic low back pain. Design: Randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Methods: Thirty-six patients with chronic low back pain who were undergoing rehabilitation at a rehabilitation center were included. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: joint mobilization group (JMG; n=12), gym ball exercise group (GBG; n=12), and breathing exercise group (BEG; n=12). The exercises were performed for 40 minutes a day, twice a week, for a total of 12 weeks. Results: There were no significant differences in FRR between the three groups (P>.05). Significant decreases in the modified visual analog scale (MVAS) scores after intervention between the groups were found (P<.05). The GBG was significantly decreases from the JMG in the MVAS (P<.05). However, there were significant improvements between the pre- and post-interventional findings on FRR and MVAS in the three groups (P<.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated that intervention using joint mobilization, gym ball exercises, and breathing exercises improve FRP and pain in patients with CLBP.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effects of crocodile breathing exercise on pain, muscle tone, and muscle stiffness of non-specific low back pain patients. METHODS: The subjects were 37 patients with nonspecific low back pain. The patients were divided into two groups. The experimental group (EG) performed crocodile breathing exercise and the control group (CG) performed chest expansion breathing exercise. The intervention was conducted for 10 minutes every day for a total of eight weeks. Pain was measured using a VAS. Muscle tone and stiffness were measured using Myoton PRO. Two points were measured for muscle tone and muscle stiffness. They were measured at 30mm from the spinous process of the L1 and T10 vertebra. RESULTS: Pain, muscle tone and muscle stiffness at the T10 level showed a significant decrease in both EG and CG. Muscle tone and muscle stiffness in the L1 level area decreased significantly in the experimental group but the control group did not show any difference. The only statistically significant difference was observed in the L1 muscle tone between the pre and post intervention values. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that Crocodile breathing is a good method for managing pain, muscle tone, and muscle stiffness in non-specific low back pain patients.